赏析
这首诗的题意是望终南余雪。诗的内容不算很难懂，说的是诗人的观察和思考。写诗人从北面看终南山，冬天雪后的山峰显得十分秀美，山上的积雪深厚，更增加了山的高峻。当傍晚时分，雪后天晴，林木反射着夕阳的光辉。由于有了厚厚的积雪，小城的人感觉寒冷增加许多。十分简练的四行文字，描写了一幅完美的冬雪的自然景色。
“终南阴岭秀，积雪浮云端。”中从长安城中遥望终南山，所见的自然是它的“阴岭”（山北叫做“阴”）；而且，惟其“阴”，才有“馀雪”。“阴”字下得很确切。“秀”是望中所得的印象，既赞颂了终南山，又引出下句。“积雪浮云端”，就是“终南阴岭秀”的具体内容。这个“浮”字下得十分生动。自然，积雪不可能浮在云端。这是说：终南山的阴岭高出云端，积雪未化。云，总是流动的；而高出云端的积雪又在阳光照耀下寒光闪闪，正给人以“浮”的感觉。或许有的读者要说：“这里并没有提到阳光呀！”这里是没有提，但下句却作了补充。“林表明霁色”中的“霁色”，指的就是雨雪初晴时的阳光给“林表”涂上的色彩。同时，“积雪浮云端”一句写出了终南山高耸入云，表达了作者的凌云壮志。
“林表明霁色，城中增暮寒。”中“明”字当然下得好，但“霁”字更重要。作者写的是从长安遥望终南余雪的情景。终南山距长安城南约六十华里，从长安城中遥望终南山，阴天固然看不清，就是在大晴天，一般看到的也是笼罩终南山的蒙蒙雾霭；只有在雨雪初晴之时，才能看清它的真面目。祖咏不仅用了“霁”，而且选择的是夕阳西下之时的“霁”。他说“林表明霁色”，而不说山脚、山腰或林下“明霁色”，这是很费推敲的。“林表”承“终南阴岭”而来，自然在终南高处。只有终南高处的林表才明霁色，表明西山已衔半边日，落日的余光平射过来，染红了林表，不用说也照亮了浮在云端的积雪。而结句的“暮”字，也已经呼之欲出了。
前三句，写“望”中所见；末一句，写“望”中所感。俗谚有云：“下雪不冷消雪冷。”又云：“日暮天寒。”一场雪后，只有终南阴岭尚余积雪，其他地方的雪正在消融，吸收了大量的热，自然要寒一些；日暮之时，又比白天寒；望终南余雪，寒光闪耀，就令人更增寒意。做望终南余雪的题目，写到因望余雪而增加了寒冷的感觉，意思的确完满了，就不必死守清规戎律，再凑几句了。
王士禛在《渔洋诗话》卷上里，把这首诗和陶潜的“倾耳无希声，在目皓已洁”、王维的“洒空深巷静，积素广庭宽”等并列，称为咏雪的“最佳”之作。诗中的霁色、阴岭等词烘托出了诗题中余字的精神。▲
Appreciation
The title of this poem is “Looking at the Remaining Snow in the South of the End”. The content of the poem is not very difficult to understand, and it is about the poet’s observation and reflection. It is written that the poet is looking at the Terminal South Mountain from the north, and the peaks of the mountain look very beautiful after the snow in winter. In the evening, when the sky is clear after the snow, the forest reflects the light of the setting sun. Due to the thick snow, the people in the small town felt much more cold. The very concise four lines depict a perfect natural scene of winter snow.
“The end of the South is shady and beautiful, and the snow floats in the clouds.” When I look at Mount Zhongnan from Chang’an City, what I see is naturally its “Yinling” (the northern part of the mountain is called “Yin”); moreover, it is only its “Yin” that gives rise to ” the remaining snow”. The word “yin” is very precise. The word “show” is the impression gained from looking at the mountain, which not only praises Mount Dinan, but also leads to the next sentence. “The snow floating in the clouds” is the specific content of “the end of the south of the mountains is beautiful”. The word “float” is very vivid. Naturally, it is impossible for snow to float on the clouds. This is to say that the snow is not yet melted, as the overcast mountains of the Terminal South are high above the clouds. The clouds are always flowing; and the snow above the clouds is shining in the sunlight, which gives people the feeling of “floating”. Some readers may say, “There is no mention of sunlight here!” But the next sentence adds. The “clear color” in “the forest shows the clear color” refers to the color painted on the “forest table” by the sunlight when the rain and snow first clear. At the same time, the phrase “the snow floating in the clouds” shows that Mount Dinan towers into the clouds, expressing the author’s ambition.
“The forest shows the clearing colors, and the city increases the cold at night.” The word “clear” is of course good, but the word “clear” is more important. The author writes about the scene of looking at the remaining snow at the end of the South from Chang’an. The mountain is about 60 miles south of Chang’an city, so when you look at it from Chang’an city, you can’t see it on a cloudy day, or on a sunny day, you can see the haze that covers it. Zu Yong not only used the word “clearing”, but also chose “clearing” at the time of sunset. He says “the forest shows the clear color”, but not “the clear color” at the foot of the mountain, on the mountain side or under the forest. The “forest table” is inherited from the “end of the south of the Yin Ling”, naturally in the end of the south of the high place. Only the forest table in the high place of the south of the end is clear, indicating that the western mountain has already held half of the sun, and the afterglow of the sunset comes over and reddens the forest table, needless to say it also illuminates the snow floating in the clouds. The word “twilight” in the concluding line is also a clear indication of what is to come.
The first three lines are about what I saw during the “look”; the last line is about what I felt during the “look”. The proverb has a cloud: “snow is not cold to eliminate snow cold.” And also cloud: “the day is cold.” After a snowfall, only the final south of the yinling still remaining snow, other places of the snow is melting, absorbing a lot of heat, naturally colder; sunset, and colder than the day; look at the final south of the remaining snow, cold light shining, it is even more cold. The title of the poem “Looking at the remaining snow at the end of the South” is written in such a way that the coldness is increased by looking at the remaining snow, so the meaning is indeed complete, and there is no need to stick to the rules and regulations and put together a few lines.
Wang Shizhen, in the volume of “Yu Yang Poetry”, ranked this poem with Tao Qian’s “no sound in the ears, in the eyes white has been clean” and Wang Wei’s “sprinkling empty deep lane quiet, accumulation of vegetation wide court wide” as the “best” of snow singing. It is called the “best” work of snow singing. The first of these is the “Best of the Best”. The words of the poem such as “clear sky” and “shady mountain” bring out the spirit of the remaining words in the title of the poem. ▲
