卢浮宫的珍宝（2013）

并用花岗岩在布列塔尼重新装饰
in granite and fashioned in Brittany.
但无论如何 这个新的纪念碑极其成功
But nonetheless, this latest monument was a great success,
而且最重要的是
and the most important thing was
它在法国引发了新一轮东方热
that it announced a new mania in France for all things Oriental.
安排方尖碑运送到巴黎
The man who arranged the passage of the obelisk to Paris,
以及给卢浮宫带来那么多故事的人
and who brought so much to the story of the Louvre,
是让-弗朗索瓦·商博良
was Jean-Francois Champollion.
商博良在卢浮宫工作
Now Champollion worked here in the Louvre,
正是他建立了我们今天看到的丰富馆藏
and he established the superb and stunning collection that we see here today.
不仅如此
But not only that,
商博良也是首个破译象形文字的人
Champollion was the first person to decipher hieroglyphics,
并与此同时 创建了埃及古物学
and in doing so, he invented the science of Egyptology.
受拿破仑埃及战役的启发
Inspired by Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaigns,
商博良一生都致力于了解这一古老文化
Champollion devoted his life to understanding this ancient culture.
十六岁时 他就懂很多古老的语言
By the age of 16, he knew a dozen ancient languages,
有了这个优势
and with this extraordinary facility,
他开始进行破译象形文字的漫长工作
he began the long task of deciphering hieroglyphs.
1824年 在《象形文字体系概论》一书中
In 1824, in the Precis du systeme hieroglyphique,
商博良表示他已经破解了这些隐藏的密♥码♥
Champollion revealed that he had cracked these hidden codes.
此时 商博良已经说服国王
By this time, Champollion had persuaded the King
为卢浮宫购买♥♥三件私人收藏品
to buy three private collections for the Louvre,
这些藏品就安置在专门的埃及馆中
and these were housed in a dedicated Musee Egyptien.
该馆开幕时
When it opened,
商博良在致游客的公♥开♥信♥中写道
Champollion wrote an open letter to visitors saying,
一想到将要向你们展示的东西 我就很激动
“I’m thrilled just thinking about what I have to show you.”
他确实应该感到激动
And he was dead right to be thrilled.
馆藏中不仅有埃及法老的雕像
Along with statues of Egyptian pharaohs,
还有宗教文物和日常物品
there were religious artefacts and everyday objects.
现在 我们都视其为平常
Today, we take these for granted,
但在1826年 它震惊了很多人
but in 1826, this was the shock of the new.
我们应该停下来 静静回味这一刻
We should pause to reflect on this moment in our story,
因为它标志着卢浮宫另一个重要的转折点
because it signals another important transformation for the Louvre.
此前 这里是绘画的殿堂
Before, it was a palace with paintings.
现在 则成了真正的博物馆
Now, it’s what we recognise properly as a museum,
内有各个时代 各种文化的艺术品
full of works of art from all ages and cultures,
同时也是进行学术研究之处
and a place for scholarly investigation.
可以说 这是一场文化的革命
In its way, this was a cultural revolution.
说到革命
And speaking of revolution,
法国对革命的态度变得如何了呢
what had happened to the French taste for it?
1830年27 28 29日
[法国七月革命发生的时间]
君主制复辟十五年后
After 15 years of monarchy,
巴黎城内又设起了街垒
the barricades went up in Paris.
1830年27日至29日这三天间
For three days, between the 27th and 29th of July 1830,
城里发生了巷战
there was street-fighting across the city
反对查理十世的专♥制♥统治
to challenge the autocratic rule of Charles X.
光荣的三日
“Les Trois Glorieuses”,
法国民间如此称呼这三天
as it was known in revolutionary folklore,
而巴士底广场上的这座纪念碑
is naturally commemorated here with this fine and thrusting monument
正是为了纪念这一时刻
at Place de la Bastille.
但有一名年轻的法国画家
But one young French artist
想以自己的方式纪念七月革命
wanted to do things his own way to commemorate this July Revolution.
他想要创作出更彻底
He wanted something more sweeping,
更大胆 更富史诗性的作品
more daring, something more epic,
这一作品现在就藏于卢浮宫
and what he did is in the Louvre.
7月28日
28th of July,
欧仁·德拉克罗瓦的《自♥由♥引导人♥民♥》
Liberty Leading the People by Eugene Delacroix,
在红厅展出
is to be found in the Salle Rouge.
1830年 德拉克罗瓦在致兄弟的信中写道
In 1830, Delacroix had written to his brother
他要描绘当时的主题 革命性的主题
that he was taking on a modern subject, a barricade.
“如果我不曾为我的国家战斗
“If I haven’t fought for my country,
那么至少要为她绘画”
at least I’ll paint for her.”
出自他工作室的这幅画
The painting that emerged from his studio
成了沙龙的热点
was the hit of the Salon.
画作是写实主义的
It’s realistic.
德拉克罗瓦用真人做模特
Delacroix used real people as models
描绘了真实的事件
to depict real events,
但它也寓意深远
but it’s also allegorical.
裸胸的玛丽安娜 一手持刺刀步♥枪♥
There’s bare-breasted Marianne, bayoneted musket in one hand,
一手持法兰西共和国的三色旗
the Tricolour flag of the Republic in the other,
是革命中自♥由♥女神的化身
the personification of Liberty in revolution.
这位共和国女性
This Republican Amazon
领导着不分老幼 不分尊卑的革命者
leads young and old and all classes
奔赴前线
to the barricades.
这位带礼帽的革命者家境颇丰
Here, the top-hatted figure of some means,
这儿是持枪的学生
and here the pistol-packing student.
他们脚下的是尸体
At their feet, the dead,
有一名保皇党的卫兵 还有这个半裸的人
a Royalist National Guardsman and this semi-naked figure,
原型显然来自杰利柯的《梅杜萨之筏》
surely copied from Gericault’s Raft of the Medusa
德拉克罗瓦对《梅》知之甚深
that Delacroix knew so well.
这一切的背景是烟雾中的巴黎
And it all takes place against the smoking backdrop of Paris,
远处 共和国的旗帜在巴黎圣母院飘扬
the Republican flag hanging from Notre Dame in the distance.
这里用的颜色 当然是红白蓝
And the colours used here, red, white and blue of course.
法国历史上 也许没有比这经典的形象了
There is, perhaps, no more iconic image in all of French history.
德拉克罗瓦描绘过的革命民众
And it didn’t take long for the street-fighting men and women, commemorated by Delacroix,
不久后再度起事
to be at it again.
正如卡尔·马♥克♥思♥所说 历史总在重演
As Karl Marx observed, “History was repeating itself.”
1848年的那场革命
Revolution in 1848
同之前的法国革命一样
was, in that very French way,
[指法国二月革命]
产生了反作用
followed by reaction.
拿破仑的侄子 路易·波拿巴
The nephew of Napoleon, Louis Bonaparte,
通过政♥变♥上台
came to power by coup d’etat
终结了短命的第二共和国
that ended the short-lived Second Republic,
并和他叔父一样
and like his uncle,
自封为法兰西第二帝国的皇帝
declared himself Emperor of a Second Empire.
帝国的首都 有着林荫大道
At the heart of this Empire would be a city of Grands Boulevards
还有由豪斯曼男爵建造的建筑
and buildings built by Baron Haussmann.
卢浮宫则成为了现代化巴黎的象征
And the Louvre was to become the symbol of a modernised Paris.
1852年 新的卢浮宫工程启动
In 1852, a new Louvre Project was announced
该工程将完成之前的”大计划”
that would complete the Grand Dessein
即把卢浮宫与杜伊勒里宫连接起来
by connecting both sides of the Louvre to the Palace of the Tuileries.
卢浮宫的一些旧楼宇和展台
The old tenement buildings and stalls that had been part of the site for centuries
都被推倒 以便工程展开
were bulldozed to make way for this vision of the future.
卢浮宫再次成为政♥治♥权力的焦点
The Louvre was once more to be a focus for political power.
皇帝将其作为寝宫
The Emperor would rule from here.
政♥府♥将其作为据地
It would be the site of government,
官员们在新楼中
with bureaucrats in the new wings
为法兰西工作
working away for France,
它也以其宏伟的博物馆
and it would be a symbol of French cultural power,
成为法国文化的象征
with its magnificent museum.
丹尼尔·苏利耶向我解释了此工程的宏伟成就
The sheer ambition of this project was explained to me by Daniel Soulie.
我们法国人都说
‘We say in France
拿破仑真是下了血本
‘that Napoleon really gave “The full packet”.
这是倾尽举国之力的工程
‘It was a full-on Imperial project.
他向其中投入了无尽的金钱
‘He threw limitless money,
无穷的人力和物力
limitless people and limitless resources at it.
皇帝掌管着卢浮宫发生的一切
‘The Emperor had a hand in everything that happened in the Louvre,
一切皆有可能
‘so all possibilities were open.
他下令 在当年兴起小镇的那边
‘He ordered that where the little town had sprung up here behind us,
修建黎塞留馆
‘the Richelieu Wing should be built,
同时在那边修建德农馆
‘and the Denon Wing on the other side over here.
有了这两个新场馆
‘With these two new wings,
他就能将这里环绕起来
he was able to enclose the space
在正中间创造一个巨大的庭院
‘ and create a courtyard of vast proportions, right at the centre of the building.’
外观宏伟 内部富丽堂皇
Grandeur on the outside was reinforced by opulence within.
这同样是耗费巨资的成果
Again, no expense was spared.
看看这份奢华
Just look at all this luxury.
墙壁 装饰 地毯以及家具
The walls, the fittings, the carpets and the furniture.
你会想起谁
What does it remind you of?
没错 就是路易十四 这是有意的
Yes, Louis XIV, and that was deliberate.
第二帝国有意模仿路易十四时代