卢浮宫的珍宝（2013）

And it ended up here on the Champ des Mars.
八十辆四轮马车
There were 80 wagons
塞满了书籍 手稿
stuffed to the gills with books, manuscripts,
稀有植物和异国动物
rare plants and exotic animals.
还有许多来自教会和贵族的收藏作品
And there were also lots of paintings from church and aristocratic collections –
包括提香和拉斐尔的作品
including Titian and Raphael –
这些珍宝的最终目的地是卢浮宫
whose ultimate destination was the Louvre.
当天的横幅上有这么一句标语
On a banner proclaimed the slogan of the day –
Ils sont enfin sur une terre libre
“Ils sont enfin sur une terre libre.”
“终于 它们来到了自♥由♥的土地上”
“At last, they’re in a free country.”
如今我们在卢浮宫欣赏到的非凡之作
Today there are works of extraordinary beauty for us to enjoy in the Louvre,
都来自这次革命掠夺
and all because of this revolutionary plundering.
有米开朗基罗的雕塑作品
There are sculptures by Michelangelo –
《濒死的奴隶》和《被缚的奴隶》
The Dying and The Rebellious Slaves.
它们是从罗马的梵蒂冈搜刮来的
They were taken from the Vatican in Rome.
搜刮自威尼斯
And from the Benedictine monastery
圣乔治·马焦雷岛本笃会修道院的
of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice,
是这一巨幅油画
was seized this vast canvas –
委罗内塞的《迦拿的婚礼》
The Wedding Feast at Cana by Veronese.
画作以实物比例呈现
Its life-size figures
两百多年来一直作为修道院的镇院之宝
had been dominating the refectory for over 200 years.
由于画太大 所以只能被切成两半
The painting was so big it had to be cut into two
用骡车运载 翻过阿尔卑斯山
to make the journey by mule across the Alps.
樊尚·德略万对此画非常熟悉
Vincent Delieuvin knows the painting intimately.
我们退后一步 感受整幅画的全景
‘When we take step back and get a sense of the perspective,
远景中的柱子直指天际
‘there are the columns reaching out at the back,
营造出广阔的感觉
which give it amplitude,
还有丰富的色彩
‘and, of course, there’s the colour
绿色 蓝色和红色
the greens, the blues and the reds.
对比鲜明 相得益彰
‘All bouncing off and complementing each other.
绝妙无比
‘It’s extraordinary.
画作里 还有我喜欢的一些小彩蛋
‘Across the painting, it’s the little hidden gems that I love.
小细节
‘All the little details.
前景里还进行着一场音乐表演
‘There’s even a musical performance going here in the foreground.
这边的一位女士直勾勾地看向我们
‘And there’s a woman over here that’s looking straight at us,
好像 在跟我们调情
‘as if…flirting with us!
旁边的一位女士在剔牙
‘Next to the one picking her teeth.
都是些有趣的零碎细节
‘All of these amusing little bits and pieces.
还有略显严肃的男士 这边这个人
‘Even the slightly sterner men – you can see this chap over here,
显得非常冷漠疏离
‘who is holding himself very distant and severe.
那里的几个人看似昏昏欲睡
‘Those that look like they’re about to fall asleep
因为喝高了
‘because of the alcohol.
真是充满活力的一幅画
‘It’s such a vibrant painting –
甚至可以说是几近喧闹
almost noisy, if you will.
但最终
‘But in the end,
非凡之处要数
‘what I find extraordinary
画面中♥央♥赫然显现的那个人物
‘is the figure smack bang in the middle of the painting.
泛着光晕的耶稣基♥督♥
‘This is the haloed figure of Jesus Christ
圣母玛利亚位列其侧
‘with the Virgin Mary by his side.
凝视着 独♥立♥于周围欢宴的人群之外
‘Staring into space, oblivious to the revelry around him.’
或许这里传达的信息很简单
Perhaps the message here is simple.
我周遭的一切欢娱都是短暂的
All this pleasure around me is ephemeral,
我带给你的才是永恒的
what I bring you is eternal.
当这件战利品于1798年抵达巴黎时
By 1798, when this booty reached Paris,
大卫 确切说是法国
the revolutionary ardour of David,
对于革命的热情已经消退了
indeed of France, had cooled.
罗伯斯比尔倒台后 大卫被捕
After the fall of Robespierre, David was arrested
在狱中他画了这幅自画像
and put in prison where this self-portrait was painted.
或许这凝视的目光表达的是
So perhaps this gaze shows
对政♥治♥纠葛的怀疑与厌恶
a certain scepticism and distaste for the rough old trade of politics.
但大卫终究是一位幸存者
But if David was anything, he was a survivor.
这位画家被释放时
On his release,
已准备好掀起历史的下一波巨澜
the painter was ready to ride the next wave of history.
是时候将他的天资
Time to offer his talents
献给法国的下一位重量级人物了
to the next strong man of France.
大卫听命于一位
David found himself at the beck and call
声称自己对艺术与建筑知之甚少的人
of a man who said that he didn’t know much about art and architecture,
但那人却深谙树立个人形象之道
but he did know exactly what it meant when it came to buffing up his image.
这人曾是法国大革命期间的战斗英雄
This was a man who’d been a military hero during the Revolution.
在五人执政团为政♥变♥所终结后
Then after the coup d’etat that ended the Directory,
他成为了第一执政
he was the First Consul.
他是加冕自己为皇帝的专♥制♥君主
He was the despot who crowned himself Emperor.
没错 他就是拿破仑·波拿巴
Yes, Napoleon Bonaparte.
如果你去巴黎荣军院参观拿破仑墓
If you visit Napoleon’s Tomb here at Les Invalides in Paris,
就可以从大理石上的雕刻看出
you can see enshrined in marble evidence
卢浮宫对拿破仑来说很重要
that the Louvre was important to Napoleon.
无论我统治到哪里
Partout ou mon regne a passe,
都能留下永存的善行之迹
il a laisse des traces durables de son bienfait.
我喜欢这句话
I love this.
这是对拿破仑公众功绩的颂扬
This is the celebration of Napoleon’s public achievements,
意思是
it’s,
“你们这些观光者为我的功绩所折服吧”
“Look upon my works, ye tourists, and be impressed.”
两旁写的是他的公众功绩
And either side is a list of everything that he’s achieved as public works.
中间那条 便是”卢浮宫”
And in the centre of it is the Travaux du Louvre, the Louvre.
拿破仑一在法国获得绝对权力
Once Napoleon had absolute power in France,
便毫不迟疑地利用卢浮宫
he wasted little time in using the Louvre
来推广自己的形象
for the purposes of self-promotion.
他下令
The dictator ordered
将卢浮宫更名为”拿破仑博物馆”
that the Revolutionary Museum now be called the Musee Napoleon.
还在卢浮宫前的卡鲁塞尔
And he had this mini and first Arc de Triomphe erected here
建造了第一座凯♥旋♥门
in front of the Louvre on the Carrousel
用来纪念他的军事荣耀
as a monument to his martial glory.
顶部摆放着从威尼斯圣马可广场
On top were beautiful bronze statues of horses
掠夺来的奔马青铜像
plundered from St Mark’s Square in Venice.
拱门上的浮雕记载着拿破仑的诸多战役
Friezes celebrated Napoleon’s many military campaigns.
这篇碑文歌♥颂了奥地利战役
And there’s this inscription dedicated to the Austrian Campaign,
以及奥斯特里茨战役中法国决定性的胜利
and the decisive French victory at the Battle of Austerlitz.
[拿破仑率军在本次战役中大败俄奥联军
第三次反法同盟随之瓦解]
墙上与天花板上刻有”拿破仑”的首字母N
Napoleon put his imprint on walls and ceilings with the letter N,
还有他精选的蜜蜂与鹰的图案
and his chosen images of bees and eagles.
他需要一位画师
And he needed a painter
将他生命中最神圣的时刻
to immortalise the most sacred moments of his life
在最神圣的地方定格
in the most sacred spaces.
1803年12月18日 一份公告宣布
On the 18th of December 1803, a proclamation declared,
“任命大卫先生为首席宫廷画师”
“Nous avons nommes M David notre premier peintre.”
大卫为此极为沾沾自喜
Much to the immense self-satisfaction of David,
他现在是”我们的”首席画师
he was now “Our” First painter,
[西方王室常用复数第一人称”我们”代替”我
1804年 “我们”给了他一项任务
and in 1804, “We” had a job for him.
拿破仑让他的御用画师大卫
Napoleon made sure that David, his court painter,
目睹了他于1804年12月2日
witnessed the moment that he crowned himself Emperor
在巴黎圣母院为自己加冕的时刻
here in Notre Dame on the 2nd of December 1804.
大卫本来可以坐在前排 获得最佳视野
Originally, David had a ringside view for his sketching,
但仪式的主持人
but then the master of ceremonies,
塞居伯爵路易·菲利普
an aristocrat called Louis Philippe de Segur,
对等级与阶层十分看重
who was very conscious of class and rank,
他将大卫的位置移到了顶层楼座
moved David right up into the galleries,
这位置太高 以致于他看不见列队
right high up where he could neither see the procession
重要的是 他看不见加冕过程
nor, crucially, could he see the crowning.
因为这事 大卫愤怒了
When this happened, David exploded, he went mad,
于是开始了真拳实脚的肉搏
there was a fight, real fisticuffs,
打完这场群架后
and it was only after this punch-up
大卫才得以返回他原先的位置
that David got his rightful place back.
接下来就是艺术史上耳熟能详的内容了
The rest, of course, is art history, but, you know,
艺术家的脾气真不小
talk about an artistic temperament!
大卫的这幅作品现藏于卢浮宫
The finished work’s in the Louvre,
这是一幅巨幅画作
and it’s a piece of work on a huge scale.
该画的细节很重要
It’s the detail that’s important,
这也是大卫与拿破仑讨论这幅画作时
and this is what preoccupied David and Napoleon
所关注的地方
when they met to discuss the painting.
大卫捕捉了
David captured the moment