卢浮宫的珍宝（2013）

He did this because, as we know, to give France peace and unity,
聆听弥撒是值得的
it was worth a Mass.
[法语]值得为巴黎聆听一场弥撒
“Paris vaut bien une messe.”
亨利四世的雕像立在新桥上
A statue of Henri IV is on the Pont Neuf,
新桥也是他在位时修建的
which was itself completed in his reign,
以连接塞纳河的左右两岸
to connect the right and left banks of the Seine.
但国王也一心想要
But the King was also determined
在附近的皇家宫殿留下自己的印记
to make his mark on the royal palace nearby.
亨利想把卢浮宫
Henri wanted to link the Louvre
和附近刚建成的杜伊勒里宫连接起来
to the recently built palace of the Tuileries nearby.
为了连接两座宫殿 他下令建造了
So to connect the two palaces, he ordered this built –
大画廊
the Grande Galerie.
这项宏大的扩张工程有个名字
A name was now given to this grandiose vision of expansion.
那就是”大计划”
Le Grand Dessein, the great plan.
您可以看到 这里规模宏大
As you can see, it’s all conceived on the grandest scale.
比如 从这头到那头 有半英里的距离
It is half a mile from there to there, for example.
建造的初衷 是想用作娱乐
And the idea was that this is a place of entertainment
并成为一处华美奇观
and magnificent spectacle.
比如 你可以来这里
You could come here, for example,
观看塞纳河水上舞台的表演
to watch the water pageants on the Seine.
这也是处神秘与神圣之所
But it’s also a mystical space, a sacred space.
亨利四世和他之后的波旁国王
It’s where Henri IV and the Bourbon kings who came after him,
都相信他们在这里被赋予神力
literally believed that they had the divine touch.
最重要的是 他们相信
They believed, most importantly,
自己能治好患有瘰疬的人
that they could cure people of the disease of scrofula,
这是种很严重的颈部结核病
which is a really nasty kind of tuberculosis of the neck.
国王会接纳病人
What would happen is that the King would receive people,
说”国王触碰了你 上帝就会治愈你”
and say “The King touches you. God cures you.”
不论如何 我希望能有成效
Either way, I hope it worked.
卢浮宫里同样揭示了
Now, there is a clue
亨利的生活与情爱
to Henri’s life and loves in the Louvre.
这幅画不在主画廊
It’s a painting that is not in one of the main galleries,
那里展示的都是广为人知的作品
where thousands gather to look at the usual suspects.
但如果你找到了这幅神秘又惊人的作品
But if you find this mysterious and striking work of art,
你是不会失望的
you won’t be disappointed.
这是加布里埃勒·德斯特雷和她的姐姐
This is Gabrielle d’Estrees and her sister.
加布里埃勒·德斯特雷是亨利四世的情人
Gabrielle d’Estrees was the mistress of Henri IV.
俗话说 每幅画都有故事
As they say, every picture tells a story.
看看这个手势
Have a look at the gestures.
加布里埃勒的姐姐
Gabrielle’s sister
用拇指和食指捏住她的乳♥头♥
is holding her nipple between thumb and finger,
这暗示着她怀有国王的儿子
to indicate that she is pregnant with the King’s son,
后来的旺多姆公爵
the future Duc de Vendome.
加布里埃勒手持一枚金戒指
Gabrielle is also holding a bejewelled band of gold.
戒指没有戴在手上 象征婚姻
It’s not worn on her finger to symbolise a marriage,
但学者认为 这是国王的加冕戒指
but it is thought to be the King’s coronation ring,
象征着他的爱和忠诚
a token of his love and his loyalty.
两个女人坐在浴缸里
The two women are sitting in a bath,
浴缸可能盛满了牛奶或者酒 这是贵族传统
perhaps filled with milk or wine, as was the aristocratic custom.
两位都好好打扮了一番
Both are beautifully made up
展现她们雪白细腻的脸庞
to show off their white alabaster faces.
其实 当时的女性
Women of the time, actually,
常用碾碎的燕子内脏
would crush up the innards of swallows
同百合花 珍珠和樟脑混合在一起
and mix them with lilies, ground pearls and camphor
再涂抹到脸上 便有了这惨白的妆容
and smear the paste on their faces to get this ghostly look.
这似乎没法浇灭亨利的热情
This didn’t seem to dampen the ardour of Henri,
他无法抵挡加布里埃勒的魅力
who couldn’t resist Gabrielle.
她1599年突然去世前
She bore him three other children
为他生了三个孩子
before her sudden death in 1599.
亨利自己的人生也是戛然而止
Henri’s own life also came to an abrupt end,
1610年5月14日 他死在了巴黎的街上
on the streets of Paris on the 14th of May, 1610.
他最伟大的成就之一 是保证了
One of his greatest achievements was to have guaranteed
胡格诺新教♥徒♥的宗教自♥由♥
the religious liberties of Protestant Huguenots.
但如此包容的举措
But for such tolerance,
却让那些自称保卫天主教信仰的神圣♥战♥士
he would never be forgiven by those who saw themselves as holy warriors
永远无法原谅他
for the true faith of Rome.
爱好玩乐的亨利最后死得很不体面
The fun-loving Henri came to a gory and violent end.
就是在这 铁器街
It was here, on the Rue de la Ferronerie.
铁器街
在这里 狂热的教♥徒♥ 弗朗索瓦·拉瓦雅克
This was where a religious fanatic called Francois Ravaillac
扯掉了国王马车的帘布
pulled back the blinds of the carriage the King was travelling in
用一把长刀 三次刺入他的胸膛
and plunged a long knife, three times, deep into his chest.
亨利四世国王于1610年5月14日在这里被拉瓦雅克刺杀
亨利遇刺之后
The assassination of Henri
法国王位的继承者悬而未决
left uncertainty over who would now rule France.
这些画中
Here’s the story in paint
记载着最终掌权的那位女士之事
of the woman who did.
卢浮宫中
Here in the Louvre
有24幅画记载了玛丽·德·美第奇的一生
are 24 canvases devoted to the life of Marie de Medici,
她是亨利的第二任妻子
Henri’s second wife.
作为摄政王 王后有着许多敌人
As regent, the Queen had many enemies.
她需要证明自己的掌权的合法性
She needed to legitimise her grip on power.
于是她选用了艺术的武器
So she turned to the weapon of art
和当时最伟大的画家 彼得·保罗·鲁本斯
and the greatest painter of the day, Peter Paul Rubens.
我和管♥理♥员♥布莱斯·杜科谈了谈
I talked to curator Blaise Ducos
这幅最大的画作 其中描绘了王后的加冕礼
about the biggest painting here showing the Queen’s coronation.
首先引入眼帘的 是一群人
Here, the first big impression is one of a great movement
向画中焦点聚集
over towards the main focus of the painting,
当然 焦点就是
which is, of course,
玛丽·德·美第奇正在
Marie de Medici in the process of
圣德尼修道院大教堂接受加冕
being crowned in the Saint-Denis Basilica
这正好是亨利四世遇刺前一天
the day before the assassination of Henri IV.
他人在背景中 但十分显眼
You can even see him in the background, but very much recognisable,
他在盯着王后
watching the Queen.
在这一过程中
And in the process,
给予她摄政的合法性
giving her the sense of legitimacy
否则她就不能统治和掌权
that without, she wouldn’t have been able to govern and rule as regent.
这幅画作规模宏大
This is painting on the grandest of scales.
这就是巴洛克艺术
This is the art of the Baroque,
动作丰富 色彩绚烂
with its extravagant use of movement and colour
是一场感官盛宴
and its feeling of sensuality.
一切都在这里表现出来
And all of this simply leaps out here.
从某些方面来说 这可以算一部戏剧作品
It’s a piece of theatre in many senses,
你得以这样的眼光去看待它
and you have to look at it that way.
它们是非常戏剧性的画作 非常巴洛克
They’re very theatrical paintings, very…Baroque.
当然 鲁本斯是巴洛克时期的代表画家
And, of course, Rubens was the great Baroque painter.
正是巴洛克艺术对装饰性的强调
And it was the sheer ornamentality of the Baroque
激发了下一任法国统治者的想象力
that fired the imagination of the next ruler of France
以他自己的形象为基础改造卢浮宫
to mould the Louvre in his own image.
这是亚森特·里戈的名作
This is the famous portrait of Louis XIV
路易十四世肖像
by Hyacinthe Rigaud.
他是太阳王
He was the Sun King,
是万众瞩目的强者
the L’Etate C’est Moi – champion of bling.
正是他
He was the Bourbon
将卢浮宫提升到了更为壮丽宏伟的层次
who brought new levels of pomp and grandeur to the Louvre.
但在我看来 这幅画里有些东西
But to my mind there’s something over-the-top,
很荒谬 甚至极度可笑
even desperately camp about this painting.
看看这大堆的头发 鞋子还有衣服
Have a look at the big hair, the shoes, the clothes,
那些富丽堂皇的颜色
the rich, rich colours.
一切都在彰显着奢华和权力
All of it seems to be screaming luxury and power,
但毕竟 这就是这幅画的意义
but, after all, that was what it was all about.
在路易在位期间的前几年
During the early years of Louis’ reign,
数千名劳工 泥瓦匠和木匠
the Louvre echoed to the sounds of thousands of labourers,
在卢浮宫内辛勤劳动
masons and joiners,
建造新的正面 墙面
working to create new facades – stuccos,
精心雕刻的天花板和木镶板
elaborately carved ceilings and wood panelling.
工程从方形庭院外部的
Work started on an opposing facade
另一端开始
on the outside of the Cour Carree.
这个柱廊朝外
This colonnade would look out.
宏伟的建筑风格
A Parisian would look up to the palace
使每个巴黎人都肃然起敬
with due deference and awe.
在方形庭院里