卢浮宫的珍宝（2013）

亲爱的观众朋友们 晚上好
Bonsoir, chers telespectateurs!
我是安德鲁·赫西
My name’s Andrew Hussey
现任巴黎伦敦大学研究院院长
and I’m the Dean of the University of London Institute in Paris.
伦敦大学
我初次来到巴黎时 只有十几岁
I first came to the city as a teenager
之后就与这里结下了不解之缘
and I have had a big connection with it ever since.
现在 我在此生活和工作
Now, I live and work here.
这里依旧让我热爱和着迷
I still love the place and I’m still fascinated by it.
但如今 我游历巴黎 并不只为玩乐
But these days, I travel around Paris not just for pleasure,
也是为了发掘巴黎城内
but also to explore the places
能够激发我写作灵感的地方
that inspire my writing about the city.
而巴黎仍有一地
But there’s still one trip in Paris that
令我每次拜访时 仍有畏惧之情
I always make with a fair amount of trepidation.
就是这里
And that’s here.
卢浮宫
To the Louvre.
如你所见 卢浮宫庄严肃穆 壮丽非凡
As you can see, the Louvre is big, brooding and vast.
说实话
To be honest,
每每看到这座世界上最为宏伟的博物馆
I’ve always been quite intimidated
我总是心怀敬畏
by this most massive of museums.
但在这部纪录片中
But in this film,
我希望可以改变我的 或许还有你的 看法
I want to change the way that I, and maybe you, see it too.
下面请跟随我
So I want you to come with me
一起参观这座非凡的建筑
on a tour of this extraordinary institution,
并遨游时空 探索法国的历史
and to do a little bit of time-travelling in French history.
途中 我将尽量让您了解
On the way, I am going to try and make sense of a place
这个在数英里长的画廊中
that’s jam-packed with over 35,000 pieces of art
收藏了三万五千多件艺术品的地方
that you’ll find in mile after mile after mile of galleries.
这座建筑已逾八百岁高龄
It’s a building that’s over 800 years old
且满载历史
and bursting with history.
同我一起探寻卢浮宫的转变过程
So come with me and see the Louvre transformed
看它如何从中世纪堡垒变成一座皇家宫殿
from a medieval fortress to a royal palace,
之后又变身为今日的博物馆
and then to a modern-day museum.
我们会看到达·芬奇的大作
We will look at the great art of da Vinci,
鲁本斯的
Rubens,
大卫的
David
还有杰利柯的
and Gericault.
我们将欣赏着古代的辉煌
We will enjoy the glories of antiquity
同时向您讲解 您现在看到的伟大艺术品
and explain why the magnificent artworks that you can see today
是如何来到博物馆的
arrived in the museum,
以及它们为我们讲述了怎样的卢浮宫 和法国
and what they tell us about both the Louvre and France.
我认为 如果你明白卢浮宫的奥秘
I want to argue that if you know the secrets of the Louvre,
知晓它的历史 了解墙内这些辉煌的艺术品
know its history, know the glorious art within these walls,
那你就能了解法国
then I think you can understand France.
卢浮宫的珍宝
卢浮宫
The Louvre.
这里有很多很多很多很多艺术品
Well, there’s lots and lots and lots and lots of art here.
那么 从哪里开始呢
So, where to begin?
不妨从馆内最古老的画作开始
Why not start with one of the oldest paintings in the museum?
这幅十五世纪的作品 有着恐怖的主题
From the 15th century, a work of art with a gruesome subject.
我们将从这里 开始探寻卢浮宫悠长的历史
It will give us our first clue to the Louvre’s long history.
看这幅画
Look at this.
它名叫《巴黎议会的耶稣受难像》
This is a painting called La Crucifixion du Parlement de Paris.
这里面有很多有趣的内容
There’s a lot of interesting stuff going on here.
比如说前景这里
Here in the foreground, for example,
这个手捧自己头颅的人
this bloke with his head in his hands.
他叫圣德尼 是巴黎的主保圣人之一
That’s Saint Denis, who was one of the patron saints of Paris.
圣德尼于三世纪时殉道
Saint Denis was martyred in the third century,
在这座城市的高地上身首异处
beheaded on the high ground above the city,
也就是现在的蒙马特高地附近
the present-day quartier of Montmartre.
但他并不是画中唯一的受难者
But his is not the only image of suffering.
画的中♥央♥是十字架上的耶稣
At the centre of the painting is Christ on the cross.
他的一侧是悲伤的圣母
On one side of him is the grieving Virgin Mother,
抹大拉的马利亚安慰着她
comforted by Mary Magdalene.
而另一侧 是传福音者约翰
On the other, St John the Evangelist.
此画颇有深意
And this is art with a purpose.
它被特意挂在
It was deliberately hung
巴黎议会的主会议厅里
in the main chamber of the Parlement de Paris,
以提醒法律制定者们
a reminder to lawmakers
在上帝面前 保持应有的谦卑
to show due humility in the face of divine justice.
而另一处细节
But one other detail
则蕴含了有关建筑风格的信息
provides an insight into more earthly matters of bricks and mortar.
这部分最为准确地描绘了
This is the best approximation of what the Louvre
中世纪巴黎人眼中的卢浮宫
would have looked liked to medieval Parisians.
他们看到的是一座堡垒 一座军队的要塞
What they saw was a fortress, a citadel of military power.
中世纪时期的卢浮宫
The medieval Louvre
被策略性地建造在塞纳河畔
was built strategically close to the River Seine,
紧贴着中世纪巴黎的城墙
along the walls of the medieval city.
一座三十米高的塔向西瞭望着敌人
A 30-metre tower looked out to the West and the enemy,
即英格兰人
the English,
国界有时距此仅有45英里
on a border sometimes only 45 miles away.
这座城♥堡♥是当时巴黎最高的建筑之一
The castle dominated the Parisian skyline,
明显地昭示着法国的力量
a very visible, a very deliberate assertion of French power.
在如今的博物馆外
On the outside of today’s museum,
一些线索透露着地下的情况
there are a few clues to what lies underneath.
井的开口 和污水坑
The opening of a well and a cesspit.
下面是厚重结实的墙壁和高耸的栅栏
Below, there are the thick, strong walls and tall palisades
它们在卡佩王朝和瓦卢瓦王朝时
that defended the Capetian and Valois kings of France
是重要的防御工事
from their enemies.
这里是卢浮宫的夹楼 博物馆的地下室
This is the Louvre’s entresol, the basement of the museum.
三十年前 考古人员发现了这些城墙
30 years ago, excavations took place here which revealed these walls,
由此得知 中世纪时的卢浮宫
which show just how forbidding the Louvre was
曾是多么令人生畏
in its original medieval incarnation.
现在 人们对”卢浮宫”的含义
Now, there’s been a lot of debate
有着不同的理解
over the meaning of the word “Louvre”.
但我比较同意旧时法语单词中”卢浮”的意思
But I’m going to go with the old French term, “Louver”,
其意为”堡垒” 或”要塞”
which means “Fortress” Or “Stronghold”.
因为这个词恰好概括了这里的情况和历史
Because I think that pretty much sums up the place and its history.
十六世纪 文艺复兴之风传至法国时
When the Renaissance came to France in the 16th century,
这座军事堡垒被改造成了皇宫
this military fortress became a royal palace
极具风格和文化气息
of great style and culture.
馆内现在还珍藏着
In the museum today
开启这一转变的人的肖像
is the portrait of the man who began this transformation.
这位是法国国王 弗朗索瓦一世
This is Francois I, King of France,
第一位伟大的卢浮宫建造者
and the first great builder of the Louvre.
该画画于1530年左右
It was painted around 1530
画家为让·克卢埃
by the artist Jean Clouet.
画中人展现出了强烈的文艺复兴风貌
It’s a portrait of a real Renaissance man.
他是一名斗士
He is a fighter.
看他摆在剑上的手 跃跃欲试
Check out the hand on the sword ever ready.
但他同时也是个热爱文化的人
But he is also a lover of culture.
因此这是幅细致精良的画
And so it’s a picture of refinement.
看看这极富品位的衣服
Check out the tasteful clothes.
用法国人的话说 他非常”时髦”
He is every inch, as the French would say, a man “A la mode”.
弗朗索瓦一世开创了法国国王
Francois I began the tradition that French kings
集艺术鉴赏家和资助人为一身的传统
should be both connoisseurs of art and patrons of artists.
1516年
In 1516,
他说服了年迈的莱昂纳多·达·芬奇
he persuaded an elderly Leonardo da Vinci
离开意大利
to leave Italy.
这位伟大的天才已多年不作画
The painting days of the great genius were over,
但据说他这次带来了…你知道是谁
but it is thought that he brought with him…you-know-who.
现今吸引百万人参观的这幅画作
This painting that millions come to see today
就是法国王室的第一部收藏品
was the first-ever work of art to enter the French royal collection.
*蒙娜丽莎*
*Mona Lisa*
*人们称你为 蒙娜丽莎*
*Mona Lisa, men have named you…*
蒙娜丽莎
Ah, Mona Lisa.
蒙娜丽莎
Mona Lisa.
她那笑容 她那笑容
That smile, that smile.
不可思议 神秘莫测
Enigmatic, mysterious,
是亲切 还是嘲讽
tender or mocking?
她的笑究竟有何不同
“What is it about that smile?”
我询问了卢浮宫文艺复兴艺术管♥理♥员♥
I asked the Louvre’s curator of Renaissance art,