地球改变之年（2021）

今天 世界卫生组织 宣布新冠肺炎为全球大流行病
Today, the WHO declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic.
我现在发布“居家避疫”行政命令
I’m issuing a “stay home, stay safe” executive order.
…要求几乎所有居民
…directing nearly all of our residents
就待在家里
to quite simply stay at home.
从今晚开始 我必须给出一项非常简单的指示
From this evening, I must give a very simple instruction.
各位必须待在家里
You must stay at home.
2020年3月 一种致命病毒席卷全球
March 2020. A deadly virus sweeps around the world.
（请尽量待在家中）
一夜之间 我们的生活按下了暂停键
Overnight, our lives are put on pause.
但随着人类停下脚步
But as we stop…
自然界开始发生神奇的改变
remarkable things start to change in the natural world.
空气更清新
Clearer air.
水质更干净
Cleaner waters.
动物们开始以我们几十年 未曾见过的规模繁衍生息
And animals starting to flourish in ways we hadn’t seen for decades.
从封锁隔离开始 我们在五大洲进行拍摄
Filming from the start of lockdown across five continents…
记录了大自然非凡的反应
we’ve recorded nature’s extraordinary response.
从巨大的海洋生物以新的方式与后代沟通
From ocean giants communicating in new ways with their young…
猎豹改变了它们幼崽的生存机会
And cheetahs transforming the chances of survival for their cubs…
这是它作母亲的最佳时机
This is the best time for her to be a mother.
到濒危企鹅正在经历一个破纪录的繁殖季
To endangered penguins having a record-breaking breeding season.
这是一窥野生动物生活世界的绝佳机会
This is a unique opportunity to peer into the lives and worlds of wildlife
看看在较少人类参与时 生物世界是怎样的
and see what things look like without as much of our interaction.
这是一次史无前例的全球性实验
It’s a global experiment of epic proportions.
这是地球改变的一年
This is the year Earth changed.
（大卫爱登堡担任旁白）
仅在封锁几小时后 我们很多人注意到了周围的宁静
Just hours into lockdown, many of us notice the silence.
（无线电城音乐厅）
全球交通噪音减少了多达70%
With global traffic noise reduced by up to 70%,
这让人们听到一种新的声音
there is a new sound to be heard…
鸟的歌♥声
birdsong.
（美国 旧金山）
（都市人口 四百七十万）
这些白冠麻雀
These white-crowned sparrows
对这种宁静的反应是一种惊人的行为
adapt to the quiet by doing something astonishing.
住在金门大桥下面
Living in the shadow of the Golden Gate Bridge,
它们的歌♥声从前被汽车声所淹没
their song had been drowned out by cars.
而现在 这里的交通 达到了自1950年代的最低水平
But now, with the traffic here at its lowest levels since the 1950s…
研究人员惊奇地听到了 麻雀求偶声中新的音调
researchers are amazed to hear new notes in the sparrows’ mating call.
这些鸟有望迎接多年来最好的繁殖季
And there’s hope that the birds will have their best breeding season for years.
不仅噪音水平降低了
And it’s not just noise level that reduces.
全球空气污染减少的速度也令人惊叹
The speed at which air pollution drops around the globe is staggering.
数天之内
Within days,
洛杉矶经历了40年来最好的空气质量
Los Angeles experiences its best air quality for 40 years.
在中国各地 空气中的有毒气体水平下降了一半
Across China, the levels of toxic gases in the atmosphere halve.
在印度 这里通常是世界上 污染最为严重的国家之一
And in India, which typically suffers from some of the worst pollution in the world…
在封锁仅仅12天后
just 12 days after lockdown…
（印度 贾朗达尔 人口 一百万）
…a breathtaking sight appears.
一个令人震撼的景象出现了
我们坐在桌边吃早餐
We were sitting on the table having breakfast,
然后我爸爸冲进来
and then my dad came, rushed in.
（安舒尔乔普拉）
He said, “Come upstairs. The mountains are visible.”
他说：“快上楼去 可以看见山了”
业余摄影师安舒尔
Amateur photographer Anshul
去看是什么让人们如此兴高采烈
goes to see what all the excitement was about.
人们站在屋顶上说
People were standing on the rooftops saying,
“哇…山…”
“Wow. Wow. Mountains. Mountains.”
我停下来 我看到了
And I pause, and I saw.
有生以来第一次晴空万里
With the clear skies, for the first time in a lifetime,
我们看到了喜马拉雅山
we can see the Himalayas.
200多公里以外
Over 200 kilometers away,
地球上最高的山脉
the highest mountain range on Earth,
在雾霾后隐藏了30年
hidden behind smog for 30 years,
突然出现在视线中
is suddenly visible.
我无法相信自己的眼睛
I couldn’t believe my eyes.
喜马拉雅山一直就藏在污染的后面
The Himalayas have been right there behind the pollution all along.
安舒尔的镜头 捕捉到的这个时刻迅速传遍全球
Anshul’s photograph of this moment went viral around the world.
它生动地证明了
It’s a vivid illustration
当人类暂停下来 地球得以再次呼吸
that the moment we paused, the Earth was able to breathe again.
封锁延续数周
Lockdown extends into weeks.
（四个星期）
旅行禁令进一步限制了我们的行动自♥由♥
And the travel bans limit our movement still further.
你原本可能在计划的休假 取消吧
Those holidays that you might have been planning to take, cancel them.
乘客数量和乘客预订量都下降了
Passenger numbers and passenger bookings are all down.
航♥空♥旅行出现断崖式下跌
Air travel has just fallen off a cliff.
全世界下跌了大约90%
It’s down roughly 90% worldwide.
2020年4月
April 2020,
国际游客减少了一亿一千四百万
and there are 1♥1♥4♥ million fewer international tourists
这是与去年同一月份相比
than in the same month the previous year.
在西班牙 游客人数从七百多万跌至零
In Spain, visitor numbers drop from over seven million to zero.
（美国 佛罗里达州 人口 两千两百万）
And in Florida, beaches normally packed with holidaymakers on spring break…
在佛罗里达州 通常海滩上挤满了度春假的人群
此时空无一人
are deserted.
这会不会是一种濒危海洋生物
Could this be the opportunity for one endangered sea creature
大量繁殖的机会呢？
to boost its numbers?
雌海龟每隔两到三年
Female sea turtles return every two to three years
回到它们自己孵化出生的海滩
to the shores where they themselves hatched
在此产卵
in order to lay their eggs.
在全球范围 海龟数量一直在急剧下降
Globally, turtle numbers have been in steep decline,
部分原因是它们不愿意 到越来越拥挤的海滩上去
partly because they have been reluctant to visit the ever-busier beaches.
然而今年…
But this year…
情况大不相同
is different.
我们的摄影师与当地研究人员合作
Our cameraman, working with local researchers,
幸运地在朱诺海滩上拍摄
is lucky enough to film here on Juno Beach…
这里是世界上最密集的 赤蠵龟产卵地点之一
one of the densest nesting sites for loggerhead turtles in the world.
随着繁殖季的开始
As the breeding season begins…
雌海龟能够安宁地♥产♥卵
the female is able to lay her eggs in peace
这是它有生以来的第一次
for the first time in her life.
在接下来的几周内
And over the following weeks,
成百上千只的雌海龟也将这样做
hundreds more do the same.
长♥期♥以来我们认为人类的干扰
It’s long been thought that human disturbance
对繁殖后代的海龟而言是一个大问题
is a major problem for breeding turtles.
但这是科学家首次能够精确地测量
But this is the first time that scientists can accurately measure
这种人类影响的规模
the scale of the impact.
每天早上 这个研究人员团队
Each morning, this team of researchers
会清点海龟往巢穴爬行的轨迹数量
counted the number of turtle tracks that lead to a nest.
在过去十年中
Over the last ten years,
赤蠵龟的平均筑巢成功率
the average nesting success rate for loggerheads
下降到只有40%
had dropped to just 40%.
在它们独占海滩的情况下 它们是否更成功呢？
Have they been any more successful with the beach to themselves?
当海滩对人类关闭之后
When the beaches were closed to humans,
成功率骤增到61% 这是我们所见过的最高数字
that number jumped all the way up to 61%, which is the highest we’ve ever seen.
（海龟研究者 贾斯汀佩罗博士）
这是一个极大的改善
This is a dramatic improvement.
每多一个巢穴意味着多上百只左右的幼龟
Every extra nest means another hundred or so hatchlings,
每一只都有可能成为能繁殖后代的成年龟
each with the potential to become breeding adults themselves.
因为海滩关闭 这些动物能够
With these beach closures, these animals were able to do
做几百万年来它们一直在做的事
what they’ve been doing for millions of years
比人类在场时更加成功
more successfully than when we have a human presence.
六千公里之外
Six thousand kilometers away,
在美国的西海岸
on the west coast of America…
海浪之下变得平静
a new quiet beneath the waves offers an opportunity
为海洋中的巨大生物提供了机会
for ocean giants.
（美国 阿♥拉♥斯加东南部）
（每年游客人数 一百三十万）
Every year, more than 10,000 humpback whales
每年 一万多头座头鲸
从夏威夷…
migrate from Hawaii…
迁徙到阿♥拉♥斯加的海湾捕食
to these bays in Alaska in order to feed.
通常 它们不得不
Normally, they would have to share these waters
与每年载着一百多万游客的游轮 分享这些水域
with ships carrying a million visitors a year.
而现在 所有游轮都取消了
But now, with every cruise canceled…
这相当于水下安静了25倍
it’s as much as 25 times quieter underwater.
在这种安静的环境中 科学家们使用水下麦克风
In this hush, scientists using underwater microphones
记录到一种惊人的变化
record a remarkable change.
座头鲸更经常地互相交流
Humpbacks are talking to each other more often…
并以新的方式交流
and in new ways.
这非常让人激动 并且让人感动
Well, it was really exciting and actually very moving