真实的凡尔赛（2016）

并重新封装别人的信件
and reseal people’s correspondence all the time.
这手法可不太光彩
That’s pretty sneaky stuff.
詹姆斯 那些在不知情的情况下
James, what happened to the people whose mail was read,
被查过信件的人 会得到怎样的处理
then, contrary to their knowledge?
一旦被发现
Once he found that you were
你在以批判的口吻议论王室成员
talking in a critical tone about his court,
他的政策 他的友谊 你就失宠了
his policies, his friendships, you would be out of favour.
很多廷臣就是这样被毁掉的
And so many courtiers were destroyed in this way.
他在17世纪创立的这种监视体系
This surveillance state that he develops in the 17th century
非常强大
is incredibly powerful
它被用于密切监视那些在他的权力中心
and it’s used to keep tabs on the courtiers
也就是在凡尔赛活动的廷臣
at the very heart of his power base at Versailles.
心怀不轨的廷臣 对路易的策略有所察觉
Disloyal courtiers wised up to Louis’s tactics
便另谋出路
and found other ways to convey their messages.
监视措施如此之多
With all of this surveillance going on,
想要保密 只有一种方法
there was only one way to keep a secret.
密文 用密♥码♥书写
You had to write it in cipher. Secret code.
这是西多会修士流传下来的密♥码♥本
I have identified this as a Cistercian Codex
来源于低地国家
from the Low Countries.
极其罕见 几近失传
Very rare, almost forgotten.
似乎可以用来代替罗马数字
Used, it appears, as an alternative to Roman numerals.
所以说 这些只是单纯的数字吗
So these are merely numbers?
有与之对应的字母
Which correspond to letters.
路易将计就计 聘请解密人员
But Louis beats the courtiers at their own game by employing
破解这些密♥码♥
cryptographers to crack the codes.
第一封内容很简单
The first message is very simple.
“杀掉送来这张地图的人”
“Kill the men who bring this map.”
第二封就有些令人费解了
The second one is more intriguing.
它实际上是个谜语
A riddle, in fact.
“大限将至
“The end is near.
与主言和”
“Make your peace with God.”
为确保自己的信件不被人偷看
To make sure his own messages remained secret,
路易雇用了安托万·罗西尼奥尔
Louis engaged the services of Antoine Rossignol.
罗西尼奥尔是17世纪最伟大的密♥码♥学家
Rossignol was the greatest cryptographer of the 17th century.
他发明的密♥码♥系统极其复杂
He came up with a code that was so complex,
以至于被弃用后 难倒了几世纪的密♥码♥学家
that after it fell out of regular use, it baffled cryptographers for centuries.
它被称为”伟大密♥码♥”
It was called the Great Cipher.
这些保密工作听起来有些极端 却十分奏效
All this secrecy sounds extreme, but it worked.
毕竟路易没有遭人暗♥杀♥
After all, Louis wasn’t assassinated.
但国王变得越来越疑神疑鬼
But the king’s paranoia grew.
在这个充满恐惧与阴谋的世界上 他能信赖谁
In this world of fear and intrigue, who could he rely on?
一般来说
As so often,
路易信赖的不是那些有权有势的人
Louis didn’t put his trust in the most powerful men in the land,
他们都是潜在的敌人
potential rivals all,
而是那些和他度过最私密时光的人
but those with whom he spent his most intimate hours.
他选中的仆人
His chosen servants.
有一位仆人 常伴路易身侧
And there was one servant who was forever by Louis’s side.
作为贴身侍从服侍路易40余载
His valet for over 40 years,
亚历山大·邦当
Alexandre Bontemps.
邦当是清晨第一个见到国王人
Bontemps was the first to see the king in the morning,
也是晚上服侍他就寝 最后一个见到他的人
and the last to tuck him up in bed at night.
他是为数不多的
He was one of the few people
可以通过这道金色栅栏门
allowed to go through the gate in the golden balustrade
进入国王卧房♥私人空间的人之一
into the king’s private area of the bedchamber.
邦当则睡在这里的折叠床上
Bontemps himself slept just here, on a camp bed.
首席侍从官是唯一被允许
The first valet was the only person
睡在国王卧室中的人
allowed to sleep in the king’s bedchamber.
就连王后也没有这项权利
Not even the queen could do that.
时刻保持警觉 留意各项需求
Constantly vigilant, attentive to every need,
他就像是忠心耿耿的老猎犬
he was like a faithful old hound.
陛下 我们得到消息帕尔特奈家族将于今早抵达
Sire, we received word the Parthenay family will arrive this morning.
我的教女夏洛特也要来吗 -是的 陛下
Will my goddaughter, Charlotte, be with them? – Yes, Sire.
她就像是一缕阳光
A little ray of sunshine.
邦当为路易劳碌了一生
Bontemps’s devotion to Louis dominated his life,
几乎是置自己的家庭于不顾
almost to the exclusion of his own family.
一次 有人问他妻子近来如何
When asked one day how his wife was doing,
他下意识地回答 “我去问问国王”
he automatically replied, “I’ll ask the King.”
有女人吗 -我妻子住在巴黎
You have a woman? – My wife lives in Paris.
和你住在一起吗 -我和国王住在一起
With you? – I live with the King.
你把我搞糊涂了 -国王睡在哪里 我就睡在哪里
Now I am confused. – Wherever the King sleeps, I sleep.
恕不奉陪
This is as far as I go.
他床上肯定很挤
His bed must be very crowded.
对于国王的私事 邦当无一不知
Bontemps knew everything about the King’s most private affairs.
所有私人通信都由他经手
All personal correspondence went through his hands,
他还是路易与情人们的中间人
and he acted as a go-between for Louis and his lovers.
据说 邦当是最能保密 最忠诚
It was said that Bontemps was most secret, most faithful
全心全意侍奉国王的人
and entirely devoted to the King.
这是路易最亲密的人际关系之一
This was one of Louis’s closest relationships.
拿张椅子来
Pull up a chair.
我说的是椅子 不是凳子
I said a chair, not a stool.
有扶手的椅子
A chair with arms.
只有国王才能和陛下并排坐在有扶手的椅子上
Only a king may sit next to His Majesty in a chair with arms.
你胜于国王
You are more than a king.
你是我的朋友
You are my friend.
那么 路易十四世和他的忠仆
So, could Louis XIV
有没有可能成为真正的朋友呢
and his trusty valet really have been friends?
你怎么看
What do you think?
国王身边一直都有仆人
Kings were surrounded by servants all the time.
他们关系很亲密 但说到真正的友谊
There was huge intimacy there. But real friendship?
悬殊的地位使之变得很困难
The difference in status made that much more complicated.
不过 路易和他的侍从相处时
It does seem, though, that Louis was more at ease
的确比和其他人在一起时来得自在
with his retainers than almost anyone else.
这事圣西蒙公爵可以作证
Ah, and there is the evidence of the Duke of Saint-Simon,
他说 国王爱仆人胜过爱自己的孩子
who says that the King loved his servants more than his own children.
为回馈这位忠心耿耿的仆人
In return for his devoted service,
路易先后赐予邦当封地
Louis showered Bontemps with gifts of land,
封号♥以及各种赚钱的职位
titles and lucrative posts.
邦当甚至买♥♥得起巴黎的连栋房♥屋
Bontemps could even afford a townhouse in Paris
内设12名仆人
with his own staff of 12.
路易不只是提拔自己的侍从那么简单
Louis didn’t just elevate his personal servants,
他还决心提拔出身卑微的人做大臣
he made a point of promoting ministers from more humble backgrounds.
不惜惹恼权贵
And his decision to promote them at the expense of his nobles
颠覆了法国原有的统治方式
brought about a change in the way that France was governed.
圣西蒙怨恨地称之为
It began what the resentful Saint-Simon called
“无♥耻♥中产阶级的统治”
“The reign of the vile bourgeoisie”.
路易对宫中生活的改进 渗透到了每一个细节
Louis transformed life at court down to the smallest detail.
他甚至改变了人们的穿着打扮
He even changed what people wore.
从头上戴的帽子 到脚上穿的鞋子
From the hats on their heads to the shoes on their feet.
路易对戏剧与奢华的喜爱
Louis’s own love of drama
在他的服饰上得到了充分体现
and splendour was reflected in HIS wardrobe.
这是权力之衣 路易十四世的风格
This was power dressing… Louis XIV style.
我想告诉诸位
I must tell you all,
我相信 不久之后我们国家会经历一场革命
I believe that very soon we shall have a revolution in our country.
世人皆知 法国长于战术
The world knows France to be a master of the battlefield.
但只需环顾四周 望一眼这金碧辉煌的地方
But one glimpse around this glorious place will tell you,
你便会知道不久后 改变世界的将会是我们的布商和裁缝
soon it will be our textile mercers and our master tailors who shall transform the world.
世人将推崇我们的时装品味 因为它代表着
Our fashions will be revered just as much for their beauty,
美丽 优雅 精致与风度
elegance, refinement and grace.
世界一流
The finest in the world.
为达到这一目的 路易制定了一套严格的穿衣规范
To achieve his ends, Louis introduced a strict new dress code.
我们将在服装历史学家
We are trying it on for size
马克·沃利斯的帮助下试衣
with the help of costume historian Mark Wallis.
路易怎样才能让廷臣穿成他想要的样子呢
How did Louis make his courtiers look the way he wanted them to?
通过皇家法令
By the royal edict,
只能穿法国本土生产的衣服
you could not wear anything not made of French manufacturer.
如果被抓到穿了其他国家生产的衣服
If you were caught wearing something made from a different country,
那件衣服会被脱下来烧掉 当然还会有罚款
it would be taken off and burnt. And fined of course, too.
他还做了一件前所未有的事情
He did something that never had happened before,
他发明了一套名为
which was to invent a court uniform
究斯特科尔的宫廷制♥服♥
called the justaucorps a brevet[法语].