真实的凡尔赛（2016）

最令路易担忧的 是他所继承的国家内部
Louis’s greatest fears were founded in the deep divisions
贵族势力显赫的割据状态
within the country he inherited.
17世纪的法国
In the 17th century,
绝非我们今天熟知的统一国家
France wasn’t by any means the unified nation we know today.
各区域有自己的法规 风俗
Different regions had different laws, customs,
甚至是语言
even different languages.
大量土地掌控在贵族手中
And vast parts of the country were controlled
而不是由国王直接统辖
not directly by the king, but by great noblemen.
北部和东部 是谁在与我对着干
The North and East, who defies me there?
卡塞尔公爵 殿下
The Duke of Cassel, sire, to my mind,
据我所知 他实力雄厚
commands great influence.
逾半数贵族都受过他的恩惠
Half the nobility are in his debt,
他们家族占领该地年深月久
his family have occupied those lands since before memory.
这些贵族据守一方
These nobles had huge independent powers
势力深固
in the regions they dominated.
他们甚至可以拒绝向国王纳税
They didn’t even have to pay the king’s taxes.
因此 国王不得不
So the king was locked in a deadly power struggle,
长♥期♥处于与贵族的拉锯战之中
constantly competing with the nobles.
路易十分清楚自己是多么势单力薄
Louis knew only too well how vulnerable he was.
可以说 从出生那天起他就深有体会
And he’d known it pretty much since the day he was born.
路易的童年时期
During Louis’s childhood,
君主政体曾尝试削减贵族势力
the monarchy had tried to wrest control from the nobles.
引发了激烈的内战
The result was a bitter civil war.
1651年 路易在巴黎期间 突发暴♥乱♥
In 1651, while Louis was staying in Paris, a riot erupted.
战火烧到了家门口
The violence came a little too close to home.
暴民涌入宫殿 要求见到年幼的国王
The mob broke into the palace and demanded to see the young king.
他们破门而入时 路易正在装睡
They marched into his bedroom where Louis pretended to be asleep.
皇室家族设图逃亡 但路易陷于巨大的恐慌之中动弹不得
The royal family managed to escape, but Louis was traumatised.
这件事对路易造成了巨大的影响
The incident had a profound effect on Louis.
从那一刻起 他视巴黎为虎穴狼窝
From that moment on, he saw Paris as a crucible of danger,
在那里 贵族和群众随时可能会密谋造♥反♥
where the people and the nobles could plot against him.
他绝不会允许暴♥乱♥再次威胁到他的安全
Never again would he let chaos and violence threaten his very being.
在路易看来 治理国家最安全的地方不是巴黎
For Louis, the safest place from which to rule was not Paris,
而是凡尔赛
but Versailles.
我们要在这里为自己奠定基础
We must lay our own foundation here.
为何是这里 殿下 -因为我要做的不是巴黎之王
Why here, Sire? Because I will not be the king of Paris.
我知道自己的身份
I know who I am.
我是路易十四世
I’m Louis XIV.
我是法国国王
I’m king of France.
为了稳固王位
To prove who was in charge,
路易建立了绝对君主制
Louis made himself an absolute monarch.
他宣布自己是法国唯一统治者
He declared he was the sole ruler of France
着手削弱贵族的权力
and set about reining in the power of the nobles.
这就是你们国王新颁布的法令
This is your king’s new law.
剥夺了一个真正贵族的尊严
Stripping away the dignity of a true noble,
玷污了一个股肱之臣 及其参与建国之家族的名声
defiling the reputation of a man whose family forms the bedrock of this country.
不久前 我们还都明确自己的身份地位
Now, once, not long ago, we knew where we stood.
而如今 我们还得证明自己 为了混口饱饭阿谀奉承
But now we must prove ourselves. Now we must sing for our supper.
国王却高喊”朕即国家”
Now the King says, “I am France!”
但我要说的是 法国的命运 由我们决定
But I say it is we who are France.
在这场角逐中 路易打着自己的算盘
In this battle, Louis had some subtle new tactics in his armoury.
路易解决贵族问题的办法
Louis’s solution to the problem of his nobles
恰好体现了他出色的软实力
shows just how good he was at wielding what you might call soft power.
他吸取其他君王的教训
He watched and learned from the mistakes of other kings,
比如英格兰的查理一世
like Charles I of England, for example.
他企图用武力稳固自己的王权
He had taken up arms to defend his Royal prerogative,
来看看他的下场
and look what happened to him.
但路易希望能兵不血刃
But Louis wanted to wage war with refinement.
他想用热情瓦解自己的敌人
He planned to devastate his enemies with his hospitality.
赐给他们看似华丽
He was going to overwhelm them
实则有名无实的头衔 以此镇♥压♥他们
with fancy titles that didn’t necessarily mean anything.
最重要的是 他让敌人在王室内
And above all, he intended to emasculate them
也就是他的乡下新家凡尔赛宫
by making them do trivial jobs in his household,
侍奉左右 借此削弱他们的实力
here at his new country home of Versailles.
这房♥间比放扫把的壁橱还小
It’s no bigger than a broom cupboard!
事实上 它原来就是个放扫把的壁橱
As a matter of fact, I believe it WAS a broom cupboard.
欢迎光临凡尔赛宫
Welcome to Versailles.
路易喜欢做主人的感觉
Louis loved to play the host.
他让朝臣们沉迷于赌博 晚宴
He kept his courtiers busy with gambling, feasting,
狩猎 豪华派对更不能少
hunting and to top it all, fabulous parties.
路易让自己别出心裁的待客之道
Louis made sure his dazzling hospitality
名垂青史
would always be remembered.
我们来看看这本巨型版画书
Let’s have a look at our massive book of pictures
它记载了路易的某次派对
of one of Louis’s parties.
这是凡尔赛宫 看起来极其壮观
And here is Versailles, looking extremely splendid.
这幅精美的画作绘制了一次活动
These specific drawings were of an entertainment called
名叫”魔幻岛之乐”
“The Pleasures Of The Enchanted Island”.
这名字很诱人 是吧 -的确
That’s a very alluring name, isn’t it? – It is.
虽然经过六天六夜后
Although after six whole days and six whole nights,
不知道亢奋的还有多少人
I’m not sure how allured anyone would have felt!
这场恢弘的派对基于一首史诗
It was an epic party based on an epic poem,
疯狂的罗兰
The Frenzy Of Orlando.
主角名叫罗杰
The lead role was Roger.
罗杰的扮演者有没有可能是国王本人
Could it be possible that Roger himself was played by the King?
你应该是找到了路易
I think you might have spotted Louis’s role
为自己选的角色
that he chose for himself!
这里 正当中 骑在他精心照料的马背上
Here, right in the middle, on his magnificently rearing horse,
就是罗杰
is Roger.
真想知道谁是主演
I wonder who was in charge of casting?
路易是天生的演员
Louis was a natural showman.
众所周知 他是优秀的舞蹈家
He had a reputation as a fine dancer.
他也不会错过任何展示自我的机会
And he never missed an opportunity to display his talents.
不过在此 凡尔赛宫才是真正的主角
But here, the real star of the show was Versailles.
天呐 看这幅
Ooh, look at this!
这是宫殿正中的
This is the marble courtyard
大理石庭院吧
in the heart of the palace, isn’t it?
两侧装点有橘子树
Decorated with orange trees on either side,
用来美化庭院
to make it look even more beautiful.
太壮观了
It’s splendid.
房♥顶有无数蜡烛
Hundreds of candles all around the top.
你看 窗台上还摆了好多
Look at them standing on the ledges inside the windows.
说实话…它原本就很壮丽了
It is truly… It was beautiful enough before,
这样一来 又升华成了夜间视觉盛宴
but now it’s transformed into an night-time spectacular.
看 这有个乐队 所以这是台音乐剧
And look, here’s an orchestra. So this is a musical performance.
他们好像在台上跳舞
And they seem to be dancing on the stage.
对的 写了是芭蕾舞剧
Oh, it says it’s a ballet! That’s right.
名叫…阿尔切斯特
And a ballet… Alceste.
“音乐剧中的悲剧” 由路易的宫廷作曲家所作
“A tragedy in music”, composed by Louis’s own court composer,
让·巴普蒂斯特·吕利 当时最伟大的音乐家之一
Jean-Baptiste Lully, one of the greatest musicians of his day.
路易只要最好的
Only the very best for Louis.
国王费尽心思
The king was at pains to make sure
不希望他的宾客错过宫殿的任何细节
his guests didn’t miss a single detail of his palace.
有位来宾惊呼 活动蔚为壮观 新颖独特
One visitor gushed that the festivities astonished
华丽气派 简直艳惊四座
the spectators by their magnificence, novelty and pomp.
这幅 景致壮观吧
Now, this really is a scene, isn’t it?
绚丽烟花与摇曳烛光交相辉映
A night-time scene of fireworks and illuminations.
以宫殿为后景 喷泉为前景
The palace in the background, the fountains in the foreground.
海伦 你觉得
What do you think, Helen,
这本版画书的目的是什么
was the point of this book of engravings?
这是一种大型公♥关♥活动
This is a big PR exercise.
即便是几世纪后的今天
These are impressive pictures,
我们仍会为之惊艳 哪怕它是黑白的
even centuries later, in black-and-white.
可对于166♥4♥年的欧洲他国来说
But for the rest of Europe in 166♥4♥,
他们是这样做的
this is how you do it.
路易汇总所有版画
So Louis compiled all the engravings,
将它们交给使臣
gave them to ambassadors
他们会将版画带回家乡 献给自己的国王或女王
who would then take them home to their own European king or queen and say,
而后说 “学学人家法国”
“Look and learn! This is how they do it in France,
“这才叫派对”
“This is the way to hold a party!”
先不提整个法国
And not just in France,