真实的凡尔赛（2016）

17世纪 参观与展示的好去处只有一个
In the 17th century, there was only one place to see and be seen.
凡尔赛宫
The Palace of Versailles.
路易十四世 太阳王
The greatest legacy of Louis XIV.
留给后世最富盛名的遗赠
The Sun King.
路易十四世在位长达72年
Louis XIV spent a whopping 72 years on the throne.
在他的统治下
During his reign,
法国从内战频发 民不聊生
he turned France from a country racked by civil war,
地方权贵相互残杀的状态
its dukes and nobles constantly at each other’s throats,
摇身一变 成为欧洲最繁荣富强的国家
into the most glorious and powerful state in Europe.
他首创的宫廷运营模式
And he came up with a way of running a royal court
可谓前无古人 后无来者
that’s never been beaten.
他成功的关键所在 便是这里
Key to his success was this –
凡尔赛宫
his Palace of Versailles.
我是露西·沃斯利
I’m Lucy Worsley,
英国历史皇家宫殿组织总策展人
chief curator at Britain’s Historic Royal Palaces.
我是海伦·卡斯托尔 有着不良嗜好的史学家
And I’m Helen Castor, a historian with an unhealthy interest
热衷于钻研宫斗与阴谋
in court politics and intrigue.
我们将一同探讨这部
Together, we’re taking a look at the new French-produced drama
最近在BBC上播出的法国电视剧
being shown on the BBC.
这部剧以凡尔赛宫的兴建为时代背景
It’s set during the building of Versailles.
在这里生活围绕着纷繁复杂的宫廷礼节展开
This was a world where life revolved around endless court rituals.
在这里 时运随潮流变更而跌宕起伏
Where fortunes rose and fell with the latest fashions.
在这里 想要获得皇家青睐
And where the quickest way to
最快的捷径便是国王的龙榻
royal favour was through the king’s bedchamber.
脱掉
Take it off.
光鲜亮丽的外表下 凡尔赛宫的兴建
Behind the facade, Louis XIV’s survival
实则关系着路易十四世的生死存亡
depended on his creation of Versailles.
这里是他的权力基础 藏身之所
It was his power base, his safe house
是他软禁政敌的镀金牢笼
and the gilded cage in which he trapped his enemies.
他与悉数宫廷成员居于同一宫殿 这是史无前例的
Never before had a king and his entire court lived together in a single palace.
这是一幢服务于新型统治者的新式建筑
This was a new type of building for a new type of ruler.
这是一次大胆的冒险 这一切很可能会毁于一旦
It was a huge risk. It could all have gone horribly wrong.
但是路易十四世成功了 也只有他拥有这个能力
But if anybody could pull it off, it was Louis XIV.
路易位于凡尔赛的宫殿
Louis’s Palace at Versailles
构建在简陋到令人咋舌的基础之上
sprang from surprisingly humble beginnings.
即便是国王唯一的弟弟 菲利普 也倍感震惊
Even the king’s only brother, Philippe, was in for a shock.
我要将这个国家
I am about to drag
从黑暗中引向光明
this country out of the darkness into the light.
命运掌握在我们自己手中
We must build our own destiny.
一个崭新的法兰西将诞生于此
Right here a new France will be born
而这宫殿就是她的母亲
and this palace will be her mother.
什么宫殿
What palace?
那边那个
That one.
父王的狩猎小屋
Our father’s hunting lodge?
是凡尔赛宫
Versailles.
年久失修的狩猎小屋以及环绕四周的村落
The dilapidated hunting lodge and the tiny hamlet around it
掩藏于距离巴黎12英里的郊外
was buried in the countryside, 12 miles from Paris.
凡尔赛与国都
The only link between Versailles
仅由一条老旧的赶集小径相连
and the capital was an old drover’s track.
这条路是用来往巴黎的集市上运牲口的
It had been used for bringing cattle to the markets of Paris.
换句话说 凡尔赛可谓与世隔绝
In other words, Versailles was in the middle of nowhere.
权力中心在巴黎
The seat of power was Paris,
皇室居住在卢浮宫
the royal residence was the Palace of the Louvre.
贵族府邸与之相邻
The nobles had their homes close by,
这就意味着他们能够一边侍奉国王
which meant they could attend on the king
一边享受巴黎市内的沙龙
and still enjoy salon society in the capital
差异万岁
and vive la difference.
但路易热爱户外活动
But Louis was passionate about outdoor pursuits.
他十分享受田园生活
He really enjoyed country life.
因此将越来越多的时间精力投入到凡尔赛
He began to spend more and more time at Versailles.
路易要求廷臣一同前往
Louis expected his courtiers to join him.
但并非人人都想去乡下
But not everybody wanted to travel out into the sticks.
这儿可真是荒凉啊
You really are out in the wilds here.
防御工事形同虚设
Defences are porous, non-existent.
还是早日返回巴黎为妙
The sooner we return to Paris, the better.
公爵与公爵夫人
And even after the dukes and duchesses,
伯爵与伯爵夫人即便是来到了凡尔赛
the counts and marquises that had made it out to Versailles,
也没有合适的下榻处
there was nowhere decent for them to stay.
资料显示 塞维尼夫人曾言
According to Madame de Sevigne, after one visit to Versailles
初次造访凡尔赛宫后 廷臣怒不可遏
the courtiers were in a fury,
因为国王根本没把他们放在眼里
because they said the king didn’t take care of any of them
而下榻处与洞穴无异
and there were scarcely a hole to take shelter in.
上流社会流传着这样一句话 一句”妙语”
The courtiers came up with a new witticism – a bon mot –
“凡尔赛” 他们称 “是个一文不值的情妇”
“Versailles…” They said, “..Is a mistress without merit.”
但这个简陋的狩猎小屋即将改头换面
But the modest hunting lodge was about to have a makeover.
几年前我主办了一场宴会
When I hosted a party a few years ago,
那时空间有限 不足以容纳亲友
we did not have the room to accommodate my friends.
大多数人只得去镇上寻求住处
Most of them had to take rooms in town.
因此 我打算扩建宫殿
So I’m building some myself.
总共400个套间
400 apartments, all told.
路易将这个狩猎小屋纳入了他的宏伟蓝图
Louis incorporated this hunting lodge into his plans.
它至今还屹立于建筑群的中心
And it’s still there, right at the heart of the later building.
路易增建了一系列构件 直至今日 我们仍称之为”围护结构”
Louis added additions that are still known as the “Enveloppe”,
说白了就是将原始建筑包裹其中
literally enveloping the original building.
经过第一轮修葺
From sleeping a cosy 15 or so extra guests,
凡尔赛宫可接待的亲友 客人
this first phase of construction provided room
从15人上下 增至600
at Versailles for 600 of Louis’s closest friends.
这只是个开始
And that was just the start.
但路易修建凡尔赛宫 目的不在于款待亲友
But Louis didn’t build Versailles to be nice to his chums.
而是让君主政体得以延续
He did it for the survival of the monarchy.
您一定想问
You might be forgiven for wondering
为了保住王座 路易十四世何必如此大兴土木
why Louis XIV would go to such lengths to keep his throne safe.
作为一名专攻皇室的历史研究者
As a royal historian, it’s hard to think of another ruler
我很难想象出比路易更自信的人
who comes across as so supremely confident.
路易继承了母亲坚定的信仰
Louis inherited from his mother a passionate belief
君权神授
in the divine right of kings.
认为君主就像是统治人间的迷你神
The idea that kings were like little mini-gods who ruled on Earth.
为了强调这一点 路易出生时
In case anyone had missed the point, at Louis’s birth,
被赋予迪厄多内的名字 寓意”上帝所赐”
he was given the name of “Dieudonne”, “Given by God”.
在路易父母婚后23年 如同奇迹般 他诞生了
This is because, miraculously,
路易是他们第一个活下来的孩子
he was his parents’ first surviving child after 23 years of marriage,
的确是上帝的恩赐
a gift from God indeed.
路易将这种想法牢记于心
Louis took these ideas very much to heart.
路易自命不凡
Louis’s self-glorification knew no bounds.
他令人为身着罗马大帝装束的自己作画
He had himself painted in the guise of Roman emperors.
有时以亚历山大大帝为原型
As Alexander the Great.
甚至是希腊神话众神之神 宙斯
Even as the omnipotent Greek God, Zeus.
他不会因为哪个英雄 神祗过于光辉耀眼
No hero was too glorious,
而放弃将自己与他们比拟的机会
no God too mighty to escape the comparison.
路易为自己的个人徽章选择了一个
And Louis took as his personal emblem a symbol
他认为与自己神圣地位相称的标志
he thought fitting for his dazzling godlike status.
太阳
The sun.
太阳乃四海之核
The sun is the centre,
万物之心 宇宙之母
the heart, the mother of the universe.
没有它的温暖与光明
Without its warmth and light,
一切生命都将凋零
all life is gone.
人类也将灭亡
Man will cease to exist.
我几乎能确定 他就是在说你
One could almost believe he was talking about you.
路易长于宣传造势
Louis was a master of propaganda.
但不要被这些表象蒙蔽了双眼
But don’t let all this grandstanding deceive you.
有时 它们只是为了掩盖弱点
In some ways, it was a sign of weakness.
如果他足够强大
If he had been absolutely powerful
强大到可以高枕无忧 那么…
and totally secure on his throne, then
他就不必去在意这些
on his throne, then he needn’t have bothered.
路易深知为君之路危机四伏
Louis had learned that being king was a dangerous business.
你害怕了吗
Are you scared?
你当然怕了
Of course you are.
如果真有前车之鉴这么一说的话
If history teaches us one thing…
我只知道一件事
..It is this.
即便是一国之君 也难逃厄运之手
Terrible things happen to kings.