变态者意识形态指南（2012）

when the prime minister of the United Kingdom was
约翰·梅杰
John Major –
他搞了个意识形态运动
there was a kind of ideological campaign
提倡回归道德什么的
to return to morality and so on.
那时社会的“万恶之源”
And all the evils of society
在他的保守党说辞中
were embodied in the conservative narrative
都集中到
in the figure of
失业单身母亲的身上
unemployed single mother.
比如说，郊区有暴♥力♥行为
Like, there is violence in our suburbs?
必须的，因为那些失业单身母亲
Of course, because single unemployed mothers
她们照顾不好自己的孩子
cannot take care of their children –
也没好好管教他们
don’t properly educate them and so on.
我们预算不够
We have a lack in our budget, not enough money –
必须的，因为我们得接济
of course, because we have to support unwed
失业的单身母亲等等
single mothers and so on and so on.
在一个意识形态的体系中
In an ideological edifice
你需要这么一个虚假的具体的形象
you need some pseudo concrete image like this
来占据你的想象
to fixate your imagination,
这种形象能够动员人们
and then this image can mobilise us.
想象一下，意识形态是一个过滤器
Imagine ideology as a kind of a filter.
一个框架，当你透过这个框架
A frame, so that if you look at the same
观察事实时
ordinary reality through that frame –
一切都改变了，怎么说呢？
everything changes. In what sense?
这个框架没有包含所有的东西
It’s not that the frame actually adds anything;
它打开了猜忌的深渊
it’s just that the frame opens the abyss of suspicion.
犹太人改变了他们的外貌
当他们从波兰来到我们富有的世界
如果我们观察反犹太主义描绘的犹太人形象
If we look at the anti-Semitic image of the Jew
当他们从波兰来到我们富有的世界
如果我们观察反犹太主义描绘的犹太人形象
If we look at the anti-Semitic image of the Jew
注意到这个形象的自相矛盾
it’s crucial to notice how contradictory this figure
是十分重要的
of the Jew is.
研究相对论的犹太人，爱因斯坦
将他对德国人的仇恨隐藏在晦涩的伪科学之后
犹太人凯斯滕伯格，在普鲁士文♥化♥部♥控制着德国音乐
犹太人一方面聪明过头
Jews are at the same time extra intellectual –
像他们的数学家什么的
like mathematicians, whatever –
一方面非常粗俗
and vulgar.
毫不夸张地说，犹太人的住处都肮脏冷清
不经常洗澡
Not washing regularly.
犹太人查理·卓别林
他来柏林时受到了热烈的欢迎
调戏良家妇女等等
Seducing innocent girls all the time and so on and so on.
他来柏林时受到了热烈的欢迎
调戏良家妇女等等
Seducing innocent girls all the time and so on and so on.
后来许多德国人♥民♥宣称这个新来的犹太人
是他们的死敌，为什么呢？
当然这些犹太穷鬼现在还不适应穿着干净的欧洲服饰
但柏林犹太人已经接受了这种风格
他们的父辈都住在贫民窟
但现在从外表上已经看不出来了
这样下去，两三代以后
他们就被同化了
外表上他们想反客为主
直觉不准的人会被他们骗到
考虑到犹太人本性难改
就是他们导致了经济危机
这些被同化的犹太人
永远都不可能成为我们中的一员
不管穿成什么样子
这是典型的种族歧视
This is typical for racism.
你会去试着想象
You try to imagine how the other enjoys
这些外族人偷偷干了怎样的好事
all the secret orgies or whatever, because in racism
因为种族歧视不只是把他们看作敌人
the other is not simply an enemy;
通常还会讲
usually it is also invested with
他们有着变♥态♥的乐趣
some specific perverse enjoyment or
或者外族人可以是
in an inverted way, the other can be someone
偷窃我们的幸福
who tries to steal from us our enjoyment, our…
扰乱我们生活方式的人
to disturb, as we usually put it: our way of life.
我们应该非常小心地
We should be here very precise
绕过惯性思维的陷阱
not to fall into the usual trap of disqualifying
认为组成纳粹意识形态大厦的每一个要素
all elements out of which the Nazi ideological edifice
都是法♥西♥斯♥主义
is composed, to disqualify all them as proto-fascist.
我们不该忘记这些元素中的大部分
We should never forget that the large majority
如今我们看来是法♥西♥斯♥的帮凶
of these elements which we today associate with fascism
最初来自于工人运动
were taken from the workers’ movement.
群众大型游♥行♥的概念
This idea of large numbers of people marching together –
严守纪律的概念
this idea of strict bodily discipline as our duty –
是纳粹直接从社会民♥主♥主义那里拿来的
the Nazis directly took this over from social democracy,
来自左派
from the left.
让我来告诉你纳粹世界观
Let me just take some other central concepts
的中心概念：
of the Nazi world-view:
人♥民♥的团结
the solidarity of the people.
天啊，这个观念本身并不坏
My God, there is nothing bad in this notion as such.
问题是，团结的是什么样的人？
The problem is solidarity to what kind of people?
如果你指的是“民族共同体”
If by people you mean ‘Volksgemeinschaft’ –
这个国家的原住民
the organic community of people –
那么敌人自然而然就是
where then the enemy is automatically
外国侵略者
the foreign intruder,
纳粹主义就是这么来的
in this case we are in Nazism.
关键是将意识形态定位
The crucial thing is to locate ideology where it belongs.
举个好懂的例子
Let’s take a clear example.
著名歌♥曲《明天属于我》
The well known song ‘Tomorrow Belongs To Me’
来自电影《歌♥厅》
from the film Cabaret.
温暖的阳光照耀着草地
The sun on the meadow is summery warm
雄鹿在林间自♥由♥地奔跑…
The stag in the forest runs free…
我的几个朋友看过这部电影之后
Some of my friends after seeing the film –
鲍勃·福斯的《歌♥厅》
Bob Fosse’s Cabaret –
听过这首歌♥
thought that after they heard this song
说他们终于理解了
they finally understood what at it’s deepest,
法♥西♥斯♥主义深层的情感冲击
as to its emotional impact, what fascism is.
但我认为这正是我们应极力避免的错误
But I think this precisely is the mistake to be avoided.
这是一首普通的流行歌♥曲
This song is rather ordinary popular song.
顺带提一句，是在电影拍摄期间
Incidentally it was composed while they were
由一对犹太夫妇创作的
shooting the movie by a Jewish couple.
真讽刺
Nice irony.
如果你不光是注意这首歌♥演唱的方式
If you look not only at the music, at the way it is sung,
还注意它的歌♥词
but even at the words
“国家的觉醒，明天属于我…”
“awakening of a nation, tomorrow belongs to me… ”
这不就是一首改了几个字的
one can well imagine with a slight change of words
完全的左倾共♥产♥主义歌♥曲嘛
radically leftist, communist song.
低语声起：起来，起来…
But soon says the whisper: arise, arise…
德国硬摇滚乐队，战车
The German hard rock band Rammstein
经常被指责是玩弄
are often accused of flirting, playing with
纳粹军国主义符号♥
the Nazi militaristic iconography.
但如果仔细观察他们的演出
But if one observes closely their show –
你就可以看出他们到底在干嘛
one can see very nicely what they are doing.
尤其是在他们广为人知的一首歌♥《旅途，旅途》中
Exemplarily in one of their best known songs ‘Reise Reise’.
旅途，旅途，水手的旅途
Reise, reise, Seemann reise
每个人都有自己的方式
Jeder tut’s auf seine Weise
有的将矛抛向别人
Der eine stößt den Speer zum Mann
另一个接着瞄向鱼儿
Der andere zum Fische dann.
旅途，旅途，水手的旅途…
Reise, reise, Seemann reise…
由战车演绎出的
The minimal elements of the Nazi ideology
纳粹意识形态要素
enacted by Rammstein are something like
只是纯粹的欲望的释放
pure elements of libidinal investment.
这种享受必须是
Enjoyment has to be, as it were,
浓缩于手势动作中的
condensed in some minimal tics: gestures,
并没有什么意识形态的含义
which do not have any precise ideological meaning.
战车所做的就是
What Rammstein does is –
将这些（动作）要素从其与纳粹的关联中释放出来
it liberates these elements from their Nazi articulations.
让我们去享受它被赋予意识形态之前的样子
It allows us to enjoy them in their pre-ideological state.
对抗纳粹主义的方法就是享受这些（动作）要素
The way to fight Nazism is to enjoy these elements,
虽然这看起来很荒谬
ridiculous as they may appear,
瓦解了纳粹赋予的含义
by suspending the Nazi horizon of meaning.
你就从内部瓦解了纳粹主义
This way you undermine Nazism from within.
那么意识形态是怎么做到的呢？
So how does none the less ideology do this?
他们是怎么把这些要素与意识形态联♥系♥到一起的呢？
How does it articulate pre-ideological elements?
这些要素可以被看作是一种收买♥♥手段
These elements can also be seen as a kind of a bribe.
意识形态通过这种方式将我们引入其中
The way ideology pays us to seduce us into it’s edifice.
这种收买♥♥手段可以是纯粹欲望式的
These bribes can be purely libidinal bribes,
浓缩了的享受
all those tics which are condensed enjoyment.
或者可以是看起来不太相关的要素，比如
Or they can be explicit discursive elements like