violence: Anders Behring Breivik’s murder spree in Oslo.
引爆了一枚放在政♥府♥大楼前的炸♥弹♥
Exploding a bomb in front of the government building
确切数字是77人
并且杀死了几十位
and then killing dozens of young members
确切数字是77人
工党青年营的成员
of the social democratic party
确切数字是77人
在邻近奥斯陆的一个小岛上
in an island close to Oslo.
许多评论者断言
Many commentators tried to dismiss this as
这纯粹是个人的疯狂行为
a clear case of personal insanity.
但我觉得布雷维克的宣言是耐人寻味的
But I think Breivik’s manifesto is well worth reading.
也许能够说明
It is palpably clear there how this violence –
这场由布雷维克策划、实施的暴行
that Breivik not only theorised about but also enacted –
是对混乱的全球资本渗透
is a reaction to the impenetrability
所做出的回应
and confusion of global capital.
就像特拉维斯·比克尔在影片结尾的
It’s exactly like Travis Bickle’s killing spree
大屠♥杀♥一样
at the end of the Taxi Driver.
当他奄奄一息地躺在那里
When he is there, barely alive,
他象征性的将手比划成一把枪
he symbolically with his fingers points a gun
指向自己的脑袋
at his own head.
清楚的表明了他的暴行根本上都是自杀性的
Clear sign that all this violence was basically suicidal.
他的方向其实是正确的
He was on the right path, in a way –
本片中的特拉维斯
Travis in the Taxi Driver.
你爆发的暴♥力♥行为
You should have the outburst of violence
都是指向自己的
and you should direct it at yourself
但从特定的角度来看，是你的内在
but in a very specific way at what in yourself
改变你、将你束缚在意识形态的统治中
change you, ties you to the ruling ideology.
皮皮？ 皮皮？
Pippin? Pippin?
在史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的《大白鲨》中
In Steven Spielberg’s Jaws
一条鲨鱼开始攻击沙滩上的人们
a shark starts to attack people on the beach.
这攻击意味着什么？
What does this attack mean?
这条鲨鱼又代表了什么？
What does the shark stand for?
不同的或是共同的排外倾向
There were different, even mutually exclusive
可以回答这个问题
answers to this question.
一方面一些评论家声称
On the one hand some critics claimed
这条鲨鱼很明显是代表了外来的势力
that obviously the shark stands for the foreign threat
对普通美国人的威胁
to ordinary Americans.
这鲨鱼可以暗喻自然灾害
The shark is a metaphor for either natural disaster –
风暴或是移♥民♥等等
storms or immigrants threatening
对美国人♥民♥产生的威胁
United States citizens and so on.
另一方面有一件趣事值得注意
On the other hand it’s interesting to note that
菲德尔·卡斯特罗非常喜欢这部电影
Fidel Castro, who loves the film,
有一次他说，很明显
once said that for him it was obvious that
大白鲨算是一部左倾马♥克♥思♥主义的电影
Jaws is kind of a leftist Marxist film
鲨鱼象征了
and that the shark is a metaphor for
压榨美国人♥民♥的万恶资本主义
brutal big capital exploiting ordinary Americans.
到底谁说得对呢？
So which is the right answer?
要我说，他们都对，又都不对
I claim none of them and at the same time all of them.
普通的美国人，就像所有国家的普通人一样
Ordinary Americans, as ordinary people in all countries
惧怕很多事情
have a multitude of fears.
我们什么都怕
We fear all kind of things.
我们或许会害怕移♥民♥或是
We fear maybe, immigrants or people
比我们下等的人会攻击我们
whom we perceive as lower than ourselves attacking us,
抢劫我们，我们害怕别人会强♥奸♥我们的孩子
robbing us. We fear people raping our children.
我们害怕自然灾害、飓风、地震、海啸
We fear natural disasters, tornados, earthquakes,
我们害怕腐♥败♥的政♥治♥家
tsunamis; we fear corrupted politicians.
我们害怕那些大公♥司♥会对我们
We fear big companies which can basically
胡作非为
do with us whatever they want.
这条鲨鱼的功能是集中我们的恐惧
The function of the shark is to unite all these fears
所以我们就能把所有的恐惧都变成
so that we can in a way trade all these fears
一种单独的恐惧
for one fear alone.
笑一个，你这混…
Smile, you son of a…
这样的话我们对现实的体验就会简单许多
In this way our experience of reality gets much simpler.
我提这个干嘛呢？因为
Why am I mentioning this? Because isn’t it that
打个比方，最极端的意识形态
for example, the most extreme case of ideology,
也许是人类历史上最极端的
maybe in the history of humanity –
纳粹法♥西♥斯♥的反犹太主义
the Nazi fascist anti-Semitism
不就是这么奏效的吗？
work precisely in the same way?
想象一个普通的德国公民
Imagine an ordinary German citizen
在上世纪二十年代或三十年代早期
in the late 20s/early 30s.
他的位置，抽象来说
His situation is, in an abstract way
和刚才那个坐在沙滩上的孩子没什么两样
the same as that of a small child.
他非常困惑
He’s totally perplexed.
社会当局和符号♥化的命令告诉他
Social authority, symbolic order is telling him
你是一个德国的工人、银行家，或别的什么
you are a German worker, banker, whatever –
但毫无实际作用
but nothing functions.
社会想从他这里得到什么呢？
What does society want from him?
为什么所有事情都不对劲了？
Why is everything going wrong?
他了解形势的渠道是报纸
The way he perceives the situation
而报纸上谎话连篇
is that newspapers lie to him.
他因为通货膨胀丢了工作
He lost his work because of inflation.
他存银行里的钱都黄了
He lost all his money in the bank.
他看到世风日下，等等…
He sees moral degradation and so on…
所以这一切有什么意义呢？
So what’s the meaning of this all?
法♥西♥斯♥最早的梦想
The original fascist dream is to –
当然也是所有意识形态的梦想
of course as the dream of every ideology –
此处“蛋糕”应指代社会财富，个人理解
就是拥有一个蛋糕，并且吃了它
to have a cake and to eat it.
就像人们经常指出的，法♥西♥斯♥
As it was often pointed out, fascism is,
在它的初期，是非常保守的
at it’s most elementary, a conservative revolution.
是一场经济变革
Revolution: economic development,
为了发展现代工业
modern industry, yes.
但是一场变革总是会多多少少
But a revolution which would none the less
维护或是重建传统的等级制社会
maintain or even reassert a traditional hierarchal society.
一个现代、高效的社会
A society which is modern, efficient,
是不会被阶级对抗
but at the same time controlled by
所控制的
hierarchal values with no class or other antagonisms.
现在法♥西♥斯♥者们有一个麻烦
Now, they have a problem here, the fascists,
诸如阶级冲突之类的危险
but antagonism, class struggle and other dangers
是资本主义所固有的顽疾
is something inherent to capitalism.
现代化、工业化
Modernisation, industrialisation –
我们从资本主义的历史中可以学到
as we know from the history of capitalism –
意味着旧有社会关系的崩溃
means disintegration of old stable relations.
意味着社会冲突
It means social conflicts.
资本主义本来就是不稳定的
Instability is the way capitalism functions.
那怎样解决呢？很简单
So how to solve this problem? Simple.
你需要搞出一套意识形态的说辞
You need to generate an ideological narrative
来解释为什么社会出了问题
which explains how things went wrong
不是社会变革所造成的
in a society, not as a result of the inherent tensions in the development of this society
而是外来入侵者造成的
but as the result of a foreign intruder.
犹太人渗透进来之前一切还好好的
Things were okay until Jews penetrated our social body.
令社会主体恢复健康的方法就是
The way to restore the health of our social body
消灭犹太人
is to eliminate the Jews.
这和《大白鲨》里那条鲨鱼
It’s the same operation as with
作用是一样的
the shark in Jaws.
你有许许多多的恐惧
You have a multitude of fears
这么多恐惧会使你感到困惑
and this multiplicity of fears confuses you –
你都不知道
like you simply don’t know
是什么在困惑着你
what’s the meaning of all this confusion.
然后你就将这多种恐惧
And you replace this confused multitude
投射到一个具体形象上去：
with one clear figure:
犹太人. 现在事情就讲得通了
the Jew. And everything becomes clear.
对单亲父母社保福利的削减
The search for cuts in the social security provision
推动了这份报告的出♥台♥
to lone parent families in part spurred this report.
社保部门担忧
The social security department fears
对单身母亲福利
that the accelerating budget
增加的预算
for single mothers on benefits
在十年中可达50亿英镑
could reach nearly 5 billion pounds by the end of the decade.
但单亲父母的问题
But the issue of the lone parent
依然会是首相约翰·梅杰
has increasingly been seen as the heart
社会福利方面工作的重心
of John Major’s back to basics crusade.
我记得是二三十年以前
Remember, I think around two, three decades ago –
当时英国的首相是
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