变态者意识形态指南（2012）

und sociologically he’s sick!
我有病！
I am sick!
我们有病，我们有病…
We are sick, we are sick…
这里的矛盾就是，你怎能明知故犯呢？
The paradox here is how can you know all this and still do it?
这就是意识形态的冷漠
This is the cynical functioning of ideology.
他们其实并没有表现出的那么残忍♥自私
They’re never what they appear to be cynical brutal delinquents.
他们也有自己的小梦想
They always have a tiny private dream.
可以是许多东西
This dream can be many things.
甚至可以是那些普通平常的东西
It can even be something quite ordinary.
让我们以2011年八月发生在英国的骚乱为例
Let’s take the English riots of August 2011.
（关于骚乱）标准的解释听起来像是
The standard liberal explanation really sounds like
另一个版本的《克拉普奇警官》
a repetition of ‘Officer Krupke’ song.
我们不能把这场暴♥乱♥简单地看作是青春期熊孩子闯祸
We cannot just condemn this riot as delinquent vandalism.
你必须知道这些人是怎么生活的，他们住在贫民区
You have to see how these people live in practically ghettos –
封闭的街道
isolated communities –
没有正经的家庭，也没接受正经的教育
no proper family life, no proper education.
他们连正经工作都找不到
They don’t even have a prospect of a regular employment.
但知道这些还不够，因为人并不只是
But this is not enough because man is not simply
客观环境的产物
a product of objective circumstances.
我们都能够自♥由♥地决定
We all have this margin of freedom in deciding
我们对于这些客观环境的主观认识
how we subjectivise these objective circumstances
这些认识反过来也能够说明我们是什么样的人
which will of course determine us.
我们对此事的回应是，把他们排斥在外
How we react to them by constructing our own universe.
守旧派的解决方案是我们需要更多警♥察♥
The conservative solution is we need more police.
和能通过严苛判决的法庭
We need courts, which pass severe judgements.
我觉得这个方案过于简单了
I think this solution is too simple.
认真听大卫·卡梅伦（时任首相）对此的观点，言外之意是
If I listen closely to some of David Cameron’s statements
他们打人也好
it looked as if OK, they are beating people,
烧房♥也好，但真正糟糕的事儿是
burning houses, but the truly horrible thing is
他们拿东西不给钱
that they were taking objects without paying for them.
这是我们能想到的最极端的事儿了
The ultimate things that we can imagine.
从一个很局限的视角来看，卡梅伦是对的
In a very limited way, Cameron was right –
其实根本就没有什么正确的意识形态
there was no ideological justification.
就是一群不明真♥相♥群众It is the reaction of people who are totally caught into
他们信奉的是主流的意识形态
the predominant ideology but have no ways to realise
做出的反应
what this ideology demands of them so it’s kind of
是一种消费主义的意识形态
a wild acting out within this ideological space of consumerism.
就算我们处理的是那些显而易见
Even if we are dealing with apparently
与意识形态无关的暴行
totally non-ideological brutality –
有些人就是想去烧杀抢掠
I just want to burn houses, to get objects.
这依然是意识形态学的、社会学方面的
It is the result of a very specific social and ideological
正义平等的分崩离析
constellation where big ideology, striving for justice,
所造成的
equality etc, disintegrates.
唯一起作用的意识形态是纯粹的消费主义
The only functioning ideology is pure consumerism
人们使用抗♥议♥的方式（来发泄）也就不足为奇了
and then no wonder what you get as a form of protest.
每种暴♥力♥行为的背后
Every violent acting out is a sign that
都有一层无法言说的象征意义
there is something you are not able to put into words.
就算是最残忍♥的暴行
Even the most brutal violence is the enacting
也是有所象征的
of a certain symbolic deadlock.
电影《出租车司机》的伟大之处在于
The great thing about the Taxi Driver
它给激进的自杀主义
is that it brings this brutal outburst of violence
披上了一层暴♥力♥的外衣
to its radical suicidal dimension.
我们不是在讨论
We are not dealing here with something
一个扭曲人格的脆弱心灵
which simply concerns the fragile psychology
《出租车司机》里的特拉维斯就是这种人
of a distorted person, what Travis in Taxi Driver is.
这其实跟意识形态有关
It has something to do with ideology.
听着你们这群混♥蛋♥，你们这帮傻♥逼♥
Listen you fuckers, you screw-heads.
我受够了
Here is a man who would not take it anymore.
我不能够允许…
Who would not let…
听着你们这群混♥蛋♥，你们这帮傻♥逼♥
Listen you fuckers, you screw-heads.
我受够了
Here is a man who would not take it anymore.
我要站出来消灭人♥渣♥
A man who stood up against the scum –
婊♥子♥、走狗、污秽、废物
the cunts, the dogs, the filth, the shit.
我要挺身而出
Here is someone who stood up.
《出租车司机》中的主人公特拉维斯
In the Taxi Driver, Travis, the hero,
被朱迪·福斯特扮演的雏妓所困扰
is bothered by the young prostitute played by Jody Foster.
当然，真正困扰着他的是
What bothers him are, of course as is always the case –
他的幻想
precisely his fantasies.
关于她的幻想
Fantasies of her.
他把她看作是一个受害者
Victim who of her hidden pleasures…
幻想不只是个人的私事
And fantasies are not just a private matter of individuals.
我们的意识形态就是由幻想构成的
Fantasies are the central stuff our ideologies are made of.
不要看他
Don’t look at him.
从精神分♥析♥的角度看，幻想
Fantasy is in psychoanalytical perspective
从根本上是一个谎言
fundamentally a lie.
不是那种纯粹的
Not a lie in the sense that it’s just a fantasy
不着边的谎言，而是
but not a reality, but a lie in the sense that
回避现实的谎言
fantasy covers up a certain gap in consistency.
当现实不再黑白分明，当我们不知所措
When things are blurred, when we cannot really get
幻想可以提供一个简单的答案
to know things, fantasy provides an easy answer.
通常幻想是为了创造一个情境
The usual mode of fantasy is to construct a scene –
不是一个能够满足我需要的情境
not a scene where I get what I desire –
而是一个能让别人需要我的情境
but a scene in which I imagine myself as desired by others.
某种程度上说，《出租车司机》其实是这部电影的翻版
Taxi Driver is an unacknowledged remake of
可能是约翰·福特最伟大的西部片
perhaps the greatest of John Ford’s westerns –
经典的《搜寻者》
his late classic The Searchers.
印第安人有割下敌人头皮作为战利品的习俗
—我取下了许多…？ —头皮
– I take many…? – Scalps.
在这两部电影中，主人公都试图
In both films, the hero tries to save
从残忍♥的虐待中拯救出年轻的女性
a young woman who is perceived as a victim of brutal abuse.
在《搜寻者》中年轻的娜塔莉·伍德
In The Searchers the young Nathalie Wood
在几年前被绑♥架♥
was kidnapped and lived for a couple of years
成了印第安酋长的压寨夫人
as the wife of an Indian chief.
在《出租车司机》中年轻的朱迪·福斯特
In Taxi Driver the young Jodie Foster
则被一个残忍♥的皮条客控制着
is controlled by a ruthless pimp.
你跟那些变♥态♥和窝囊废
You walk out with those fucking creeps and lowlifes
还有那些流氓混在一起
and degenerates out on the streets,
你出♥卖♥♥♥肉体是为了什么，孩子？
and you sell your little pussy for nothing, man?
为个卑鄙的皮条客？
For some low life pimp?
整天在走廊里站着那种？
Stands in a hall?
说我—说我没劲？
I’m the- I’m square?
我看你才没劲呢
You’re the one that’s square, man.
我起码不跟那帮杀人犯和毒品贩子
I don’t go screw and fuck with a bunch of killers
成天混在一块儿
and junkies the way you do.
（主角的）任务总是去拯救假想中的受害者
The task is always to save the perceived victim.
但真正使主人公爆发的原因是
But what really drives this violence of the hero
所谓的受害者并不仅仅是受害者
is a deep suspicion that the victim is not simply a victim.
从某种“变♥态♥”的角度看，这里的受害者
That the victim, effectively in a perverted way
参与或者享受着自己的受害过程
enjoys or participates in what appears as her victimhood.
简单来讲
So that, to put it very simply –
她不想被拯救，她抗拒救赎
she doesn’t want to be redeemed, she resists it.
我们回家吧，黛比
Let’s go home, Debby.
这是个大问题
And this is the big problem –
如果我将思维发散到政♥治♥上来
if I make an immediate jump to the political dimension –
这是美国♥军♥事干预别国的大问题
the big problem of American military interventions,
尤其是所谓的“人道主义干预”
especially so-called humanitarian interventions.
从伊♥拉♥克♥到半世纪前的越南
From Iraq to already Vietnam half a century ago.
我们试着帮他们
We try to help them,
但他们真的需要我们的帮助吗？
but what if they really did not want our help?
这种僵局的结果
The result of this debilitating deadlock
只能是突发的暴♥力♥
can only be an outburst of violence.
让我们来到影片的结尾
We do get, towards the end of the film
特拉维斯进行了一场屠♥杀♥
Travis exploding in a killing spree.
杀掉了皮条客和女孩身边的所有人
Killing the pimps, all the people around the young girl.
暴♥力♥永远都不只是抽象的暴♥力♥
Violence is never just abstract violence.
暴♥力♥是对现实的残忍♥干预
It’s a kind of brutal intervention in the real –
为了掩盖思想上的软弱
to cover up a certain impotence concerning
这就是我们所说的认知映射
what we may call cognitive mapping.
你不知道周遭发生了什么
You lack a clear picture of what’s going on.
我们身在何处？
Where are we?
这场恐怖的暴行也是如此：
Exactly the same holds for the terrifying outburst of
安德斯·贝林·布雷维克在奥斯陆的屠♥杀♥