变态者意识形态指南（2012）

瓦解了斯大林主义者世界的整个结构
undermine the entire structure of the Stalinist universe.
证明了领袖并不是宣传中的那样
To demonstrate not that leaders are not leaders,
他们总会这么说：“哦，但我们
they are always ready to say: “Oh, but we are just
“只是和你一样的普通人”
“ordinary people like you. ”
不！根本就没有什么（为他们）提供终极合理性的
No! That there is no mythic people
神话般的人♥民♥群众
which serves as the ultimate legitimisation.
笑一个，笑一个
那么“大他者”
So what is the ‘Big Other’?
这个所有意识形态的基本元素，究竟是什么呢？
This basic element of every ideological edifice?
它有两个自相矛盾的方面
It has two quite contradictory aspects.
一方面，当然
On the one hand, of course,
这个“大他者”是所谓神秘的命令
the ‘Big Other’ is the secret order of things like
像神的旨意、命数这些
divine reason, fate or whatever,
控制我们命运的东西
which is controlling our destiny.
但这也许是“大他者”最无趣的一方面了
But it is maybe the least interesting aspect of the ‘Big Other’
是这些公务员，就是他们许诺
as the agents, which guarantees meaning
我们所做之事的意义何在
of what we are doing.
快穿衣服
有趣的一方面是，“大他者”
Much more interesting is the ‘Big Other’
是表象上的命令
as the order of appearances.
许多被禁止的事情
Many things which are prohibited
并不是简单的被禁止
are not simply prohibited but
而是它们不能以“大他者”的名义发生
they should not happen for the ‘Big Other’.
快点，妈的…
一个极好的例子是
A supreme example of this
快点，妈的…
一个极好的例子是
A supreme example of this
这个“大他者”的代表是作为
agency of the ‘Big Other’ as the agency of
一个碎嘴子的形象出现的
appearance is the prattling busybody
在大卫·里恩的杰作《相见恨晚》中
in David Lean’s masterpiece, Brief Encounter.
在影片的开头
At the very beginning of the film,
这一对恋人，由西莉亚·约翰逊和特瑞沃·霍华德扮演
the two lovers, Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard,
安排了他们的最后一面
arrange for their last meeting in a cafeteria
在一个小火车站的餐馆里
of a small train station.
劳拉，真是个惊喜
Laura, what a lovely surprise.
哦，多莉
Oh, Dolly.
亲爱的，我刚才一直在购物
My dear, I’ve been shopping till I’m dropping.
脚都要走掉了，喉咙也干了
My feet are nearly off, and my throat’s parched.
我打算个斯班德尔家一起喝个茶
I thought of having tea in Spindle’s
但我担心会误了火车
but I was terrified of losing the train.
— 哦，妈呀 — 这是哈维博士
– Oh, dear. – This is Dr. Harvey.
— 你怎么样？ — 你能帮个忙
– How do you do? – Would you be a perfect dear
帮我倒点茶吗？我真的不觉得
and get me my cup of tea? I really don’t think I could
我这把老骨头能挪到柜台那里去
drag my poor old bones over to the counter.
为什么这种情景如此有趣？
Why is this situation so interesting?
因为一方面我们都见过
Because on the one hand we cannot but experience
这种横插一脚的烦人♥大♥妈
this annoying lady as a brutal intruder.
— 你的火车到了 — 我知道
– There’s your train. – Yes, I know.
你不跟我们一起走吗？
Oh, aren’t you coming with us?
不，我走的方向相反
No, I go in the opposite direction.
— 我的诊所在切里 — 我知道了
– My practice is in Churley. – Oh, I see.
我是个全科医生
I’m a general practitioner at the moment.
哈维博士下周要去非洲了
Dr. Harvey’s going out to Africa next week.
哦，真好
Oh, how thrilling.
这一对恋人没有得到
Instead of the two lovers being allowed at least their
最后独处的机会
final moments alone,
他们必须装作
they have to maintain the appearances
两人之间并没有什么的样子
that nothing is happening between them,
好像他们只是普通的熟人
that they are just acquaintances and so on and so on.
他必须走了，不然赶不上火车
He’ll have to run, or he’ll miss it.
他必须马上去站台了
He’s got to get right over to the other platform.
这正是“大他者”的作用
This precisely is the function of the ‘Big Other’.
为了维持稳定，我们需要一个“大他者”般的人物
We need for our stability, a figure of ‘Big Other’
来维持我们的外在
for whom we maintain appearances.
我当时只提前半分钟到的车站
And I arrived at the station with exactly half
妈呀，我简直是飞过去的
a minute to spare. My dear, I flew.
但事情真的是这么简单吗？
But are things really as simple as that?
下一幕，西莉亚·约翰逊
The next scene, the scene of Celia Johnson
变得非常绝望，她知道自己再也不会
totally desperate, she knows she will never again
见到她的爱人了
see her lover.
是啊。他挺好的
Yes, he’s a nice creature.
— 你认识他很久了？ — 不，不很久
– You known him long? – No, not very long.
我都不怎么认识他
I hardly know him at all, really.
亲爱的，我一贯很中意医生的
Well, my dear, I’ve always had a passion for doctors.
接着我们听到了西莉亚·约翰逊的内心独白
Then we hear the line of Celia Johnson’s thought.
我多么希望能够信任你
I wish I could trust you.
我多希望你是个智慧、善良的朋友
I wish you were a wise, kind friend
而不是整天谈论别人的八卦
instead of a gossiping acquaintance I’ve known
而你根本就不在乎他们
casually for years and never particularly cared for.
西莉亚·约翰逊所处困境的本质是什么呢？
What is the nature of this deadlock of Celia Johnson?
她把自己分♥裂♥成了两个人格
She is split between the two figures
在这部关于“大他者”的电影中
in the film of the ‘Big Other’.
一边是她的丈夫
On the one hand it’s her husband –
一个理想的倾听者
the ideal listener, but
但这种事情当然不能让他知道
it’s out of question to confess to him.
弗雷德
Fred.
弗雷德
Fred.
亲爱的弗雷德
Dear Fred.
我有那么多话想对你说
There’s so much that I want to say to you.
你是这世上唯一有足够的智慧和温柔
You’re the only one in the world with enough wisdom
来理解我的人了
and gentleness to understand.
就算野马也不能把我从英格兰拖走
Wild horses wouldn’t drag me away from England
那儿可是我的老家
and home and all the things I’m used to.
我是说，人总得有个归宿，是吧？
I mean, one has one’s roots after all, hasn’t one?
啊对，总得有个归宿
Oh, yes, one has one’s roots.
另一边，是这个蠢货
On the other hand, you have here this stupid
你倒是可以向她倾诉
person who is available as a confessor,
但这种人根本不能信任
but there is not even an elementary trust.
我希望你能闭嘴
I wish you’d stop talking.
我希望你别再四处打探消息了
I wish you’d stop prying and trying to find things out.
我希望你死了算了，不，我不是那个意思
I wish you were dead. No, I don’t mean that.
那样就太蠢太残忍♥了
That was silly and unkind,
但我希望你别再说了 — 亲爱的
but I wish you’d stop talking. – My dear, all her hair
她都炸毛了，然后开始说社交活动是多么的恐怖
came out, and she said the social life was quite,
乡巴佬，我跟你说，这种人纯粹就是暴发户
quite horrid. Provincial, you know, and very nouveau riche.
— 哦，多莉 — 怎么了，亲爱的？
– Oh, Dolly. – What’s the matter, dear?
你又不舒服了吗？
Are you feeling ill again?
这就是我们这个困境的悲剧之处
So that’s the tragedy of our predicament.
为了维持个体的存在
In order to fully exist as individuals
我们需要一个假想的“大他者”
we need the fiction of a ‘Big Other’.
必须有这么一个地方
There must be an agency which, as it were,
来记录我们的痛苦
registers our predicament.
能够记录、接受我们的真♥相♥
An agency where the truth of ourselves will be inscribed,
一个能够倾诉的地方
accepted. An agency to which to confess.
但如果没有这样的地方，怎么办？
But what if there is no such agency?
这是最令九十年代初的波斯尼亚
This was the utmost despair of many women raped –
在南斯拉夫战后遭受强♥奸♥的女性感到绝望的一点
in the post Yugoslav war – in Bosnia in the early nineties.
她们走过了最恐怖的岁月
They survived their terrible predicament
支撑她们走下去的是一定要活下去的信念
and what kept them alive was the idea I must survive
活下来把真♥相♥告诉全世界
to tell the truth.
而她们幸存下来后发现了一件可怕的事情：
If/when – if they survived they made a terrible discovery:
根本没有人听她们倾诉
there is no one to really listen to them.
哪怕是那些无知无趣的社会工作者
Either some ignorant bored social worker
或者是她们的亲戚
or some relative
他们甚至还会猥琐地含沙射影
who usually made obscene insinuations like
问道，就没有一丁点享受吗
are you sure you were not enjoying a little bit – the rape and so on and so on.
她们发现一个事实
They discovered the truth of what
就像雅克·拉康所说的：根本就没有什么“大他者”
Jacques Lacan claims: there is no ‘Big Other’.
也许会有一个虚构的“大他者”
There may be a virtual ‘Big Other’
而你不能向他倾诉
to whom you cannot confess.
也许会有一个“真实的他者”
There may be a ‘Real Other’
但他们与前者完全不同
but it’s never the virtual one.