变态者意识形态指南（2012）

给你一个选择:
I’m giving you a choice:
要么带上这墨镜，要么我就把你揍到垃圾桶里去
either put on these glasses or start eating that trashcan.
我们其实一直都在垃圾桶里呆着
I already am eating from the trashcan all the time.
这个“垃圾桶”的名字叫做意识形态
The name of this trashcan is ideology.
意识形态的能力
The material force of ideology
就是让我们看不到自己究竟身在何方
makes me not see what I’m effectively eating.
奴役我们的并只不是现实
It’s not only our reality which enslaves us.
这一困境的悲剧之处在于
The tragedy of our predicament
当我们被意识形态控制，那么
when we are within ideology, is that
我们以为自己逃进了梦境，脱离了意识形态
when we think that we escape it into our dreams –
实际上我们正处于意识形态之中
at that point we are within ideology.
上映于1988年的电影《极度空间》绝对是
They Live from 1988 is definitely one of the
被好莱坞遗忘的大♥师♥之作
forgotten masterpieces of the Hollywood left.
这部影片讲述了约翰·纳达的故事
It tells the story of John Nada.
“纳达”在西班牙语中是“没有”的意思
‘Nada’ of course is Spanish means ‘nothing’.
特指“大量内容的缺失”
A pure subject, deprived of all substantial content.
一个在洛杉矶四处流浪的工人
A homeless worker in L.A. who, drifting around
有一天走进一座废弃的教堂
one day enters into an abandoned church
发现了一个装满墨镜的奇怪的盒子
and finds there a strange box full of sunglasses.
当他戴上其中一副走在街上时
And when he put one of them on, walking along the L.A. streets
他发现了一件奇怪的事情：
he discovers something weird:
这是些能够批判意识形态的墨镜
that these glasses function like critique-of-ideology glasses.
（服从）
它们可以让你看到这些
They allow you to see the real message beneath:
（服从）
它们可以让你看到这些
They allow you to see the real message beneath:
宣传、告示、海报等等浮华外表下的潜台词
all the propaganda, publicity glitz, posters and so on.
这块巨大的广♥告♥牌让你
You see a large publicity board telling you
去度假、享受生活
have your holiday of a lifetime
戴上眼镜后
and when you put the glasses on
你只能看到白色背景下的灰色大字
you just see just on the white background a gray inscription.
（结婚生育）
你只能看到白色背景下的灰色大字
you just see just on the white background a gray inscription.
（结婚生育）
在后意识形态的社会里，我们被灌输思想
We live, so we are told, in a post-ideological society.
而思想被篡改，也就是说
We are interpolated, that is to say
被掌权者篡改
addressed by social authority
他们不是要求我们贡献社会、牺牲自己
not as subjects who should do their duty, sacrifice themselves
而是要求我们去享乐
but subjects of pleasures.
去释放自己的内心
Realise your true potential.
去做自己
Be yourself.
去过一个美满的生活
Lead a satisfying life.
当你戴上眼镜
When you put the glasses on
你会看到隐藏于民♥主♥下的独♥裁♥统治
you see dictatorship in democracy.
和隐藏于自♥由♥表象下的命令
It’s the invisible order which sustains your apparent freedom.
关于意识形态墨镜的来源
The explanation for the existence of these strange ideology glasses
则是一个标准的外星人入侵的故事
is the standard story of the Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
人性已然处于外星人的控制之下
Humanity is already under the control of aliens.
嘿哥们
Hey buddy!
你买♥♥还是不买♥♥？
You gonna pay for that or what?
我不是想找麻烦
Look buddy, I don’t want no hassle today.
不买♥♥就放回去
Either pay for it or put it back.
根据常识
According to our common sense
一般人都会认为
we think that ideology is something blurring, confusing
意识形态是模糊的、晦涩的
our straight view.
应该隐藏在扭曲视线的墨镜下
Ideology should be glasses which distort our view,
事实应该是相反的
and the critique of ideology should be the opposite –
你摘下眼镜就可以看到
like, you take off the glasses so that you can finally see
事情的真♥相♥
the way things really are.
这恰巧证实了电影《极度空间》
This precisely, and here the pessimism of
所流露出的悲观主义
the film, of They Live
一切只不过是幻象而已
is well justified, this precisely is the ultimate illusion:
意识形态不是简单地强加在我们身上
ideology is not simply imposed on ourselves.
是我们无意识地将其纳入了社会中
Ideology is our spontaneous relationship to our social world –
在接受这些宣传时
how we perceive each meaning and so on and so on.
某种程度上讲，意识形态控制了我们
We in a way enjoy our ideology.
好吧
All right.
脱离意识形态
To step out of ideology –
是痛苦的
it hurts. It’s a painful experience.
你必须强迫自己这么做
You must force yourself to do it.
这就是这部电影的
This is rendered in a wonderful way with
深层含义
a further scene in the film
当约翰·纳达想要强迫他的好友约翰·阿米塔
where John Nada tries to force his best friend, John Armitage
也戴上墨镜时
to also put the glasses on.
– 我不想和你打架 – 来啊！
– I don’t want to fight you. – Come on!
– 我真的不想 – 来啊！
– I don’t want to fight you. – Come on!
– 别打了！ – 不行！
– Stop it! – No!
影片中最怪异的一幕上演了
And it’s the weirdest scene in the film.
长达八♥九♥分钟的打斗
The fight takes eight, nine minutes.
戴上墨镜！
Put on the glasses!
如此激烈地反抗
It may appear irrationalbecause why does this guy
看起来并不合情理
reject so violently toput the glasses on?
他能够意识到自己生活在谎言之中
It is as if he is well aware that spontaneously he lives
而墨镜能够令他看清事实
in a lie. That the glasses will make him see the truth,
但事实是令人痛苦的
but that this truth can be painful.
事实打碎了我们的幻想
Can shatter many of your illusions.
我们必须接受这一点
This is a paradox we have to accept.
戴上墨镜！戴上！
Put the glasses on! Put ’em on!
解放思想需要极端的暴♥力♥
The extreme violence of liberation.
自♥由♥都是强加在人身上的
You must be forced to be free.
如果你只是
If you trust simply your spontaneous sense of
满足于眼前的安逸
well-being or whatever –
你永远也不会自♥由♥
you will never get free.
看！
Look!
自♥由♥是会伤人的
Freedom hurts.
精神分♥析♥的本质
The basic insight of psychoanalysis
是区分“享受”和“快♥感♥”
is to distinguish between enjoyment and simple pleasures.
两者是不一样的
They are not the same.
“享受”是体验错位的快♥感♥
Enjoyment is precisely enjoyment in disturbed pleasure –
哪怕享受的是痛苦
even enjoyment in pain.
这个因素扰乱了“职责”与“快♥感♥”
And this excessive factor disturbs the apparently simple
之间原本的关系
relationship between duty and pleasures.
这也是意识形态
This is also a space where ideology up to
尤其是宗教意识形态想要控制的地方
and especially religious ideology, operates.
我最喜欢的一个例子
This brings me to maybe my favourite example –
好莱坞的经典电影《音乐之声》
the great classical Hollywood film The Sound of Music.
我们都知道这个故事是关于一位修女，她富有生气
We all know it’s the story of a nun who is too alive –
富有活力
with too much energy –
也富有魅力
ultimately sexual energy,
却被修女的身份所拘束
to be constrained to the role of a nun.
哦，尊敬的院长，十分抱歉，我就是控制不了自己…
Oh, Reverend Mother. I’m so sorry. I just couldn’t
大门敞开着
help myself. The gates were open and
大自然在召唤我，结果…
the hills were beckoning and before I…
玛利亚，我不是叫你来认错的
Maria, I haven’t summoned you here for apologies.
求你了院长，我真的知错了
Oh, please mother do let me ask for forgiveness.
一、二、三， 一、二、三
One, two three. One, two, three.
一、二、三，跟上拍子，现在…
One, two, three. Step together. Now…
所以，院长送她去冯·特雷普家族中
So, Mother Superior sends her to the Von Trapp family
照顾孩子们
where she takes care of the children…
向下
Under.
– 科特，我们必须得练习… – 让我来，好吗？
– Kurt, we’ll have to practice… – Do allow me, will you?
同时，与冯·特雷普男爵
…and at the same time, of course, falls in love
陷入爱河
with the baron Von Trapp.
玛利亚对此非常苦恼
And Maria gets too disturbed by it –
她无法控制自己，回到修道院后…
cannot control it, returns to the convent…
当我们凝视对方的时候…
Oh there were times when we would look at each other…
院长，我都无法呼吸了
Oh, Mother, I could hardly breathe.
你告诉他你的感受了吗？
Did you let him see how you felt?
我不知道，这一直折磨着我
If I did, I didn’t know it. That’s what’s been
我可是有任务在身的啊
torturing me, I was there on God’s errand.
怪不得我在社♥会♥主♥义♥的南斯拉夫
No wonder that in old communist Yugoslavia
第一次看到这部电影的时候
where I saw this film for the first time,