互联网之子（2014）

and this shows that it’s possible.”
事实表明这是可行的。”
“The thing that I want to do with my life is possible.”
“我想尽我一生来做的事是可行的。”
“I have proved that I can do it,
“我已经证明了我可以做到
that I, Aaron Swartz, can change the world.”
我，亚伦•斯沃茨，可以改变世界。”
For a guy who never really thought he had done much–which was Aaron–
对于一个从未想过他能做这么多，那个家伙是亚伦
was one of the few moments where you could really see
这是为数不多的时刻，你可以真正看到
that he felt like he had done something good,
他感到他做了件好事
feeling like here is his maybe one and only victory lap.
感觉到这是他的一次或许是唯一一次可以绕场一周庆祝的胜利
Everyone said there was no way we could stop SOPA.
所有人都说我们不可能阻止《禁止网络盗版法》（SOPA）
We stopped it.
我们做到了
This is three outrageously good victories, and the year isn’t even over yet.
这是三个惊人的胜利，而甚至还没有到头呢
I mean, if there’s a time to be positive, it’s now.
我是说，如果有个可以乐观的时刻，那就是现在
You know, he wins at SOPA a year after he’s arrested.
你知道，他在被捕一年之后战胜了《禁止网络盗版法》SOPA
It’s not unambiguously happy moments. There’s a lot going on.
此时并非万事大吉。还有很多事在发生
He’s so attuned towards participating in the political process, you can’t stop him.
他很适应参与政♥治♥进程，你没法阻止他
The list of organizations Swartz founded or co-founded is enormous,
斯沃茨创立或者参与创立的组织数量庞大
and years before Edward Snowden would expose widespread internet surveillance,
在Edward Snowden揭露广泛的网络监视的许多年前
Swartz was already concerned.
斯沃茨已经注意到（网络监视）了
It is shocking to think that the accountability is so lax
难以置信，问责制度是如此松懈
that they don’t even have sort of basic statistics about how big the spying program is.
以至于他们甚至没有关于间谍计划究竟多大的基础数据
And if the answer is: “Oh, we’re spying on so many people we can’t possibly even count them”
如果答案是这样,“哦，我们监视的人群多到数不清。”
then that’s an awful lot of people.
那么这个数量一定很可怕
It’d be one thing if they said, “Look, we know the number of telephones we’re spying on,
也可能他们说，“看，我们知道我们监听了多少电♥话♥
we don’t know exactly how many real people that corresponds to.”
但我们不知道他们这些电♥话♥究竟对应了多少人。”
but they just came back and said, “We can’t give you a number at all.”
他们只需要回过头来说：“我们不能告诉你这个数量。”
That’s pretty–I mean, that’s scary, is what it is.
这相当的——我是说，可怕。但事实就是这样。
And they put incredible pressure on him, took away all of the money he had made.
他们对他施加了难以置信的压力，没收了他挣的所有钱
They, you know, threatened to take away his physical freedom.
他们，你知道，威胁要剥夺他的人身自♥由♥
Why’d they do it, you know? I mean, well, why are they going after whistleblowers?
你知道他们为什么这么做吗？我是说，为什么他们追捕告密者？
You know, why are they going after people who tell the truth
为什么他们追捕说出
about all sorts of things, I mean, from the banks, to war, to just sort of government transparency.
关于这些事真♥相♥的人——从银行到战争，到政♥府♥的透明度
So secrecy serves those who are already in power,
因为机密为那些掌权者服务
and we are living in an era of secrecy that coincides with an era where the government is doing, also,
我们生活在一个保密的时代，也正值一个政♥府♥
a lot of things that are probably illegal and unconstitutional.
也正值一个政♥府♥做的许多事都违法违宪的时代
So, those two things are not coincidences.
所以，这两件事并非巧合
It’s very clear that this technology has been developed
很显然，这项技术的发展
not for small countries overseas, but right here, for use in the United States, by the U.S. government.
不是为其他小国家所服务的，而是为这里的美国政♥府♥所服务的
The problem with the spying program is it’s this sort of long, slow expansion, you know,
间谍行动的问题在于这是一种长♥期♥的、缓慢的扩张，
going back to the Nixon administration, right,
你可以追溯到尼克松时期，没错
obviously it became big after 9/11 under George W. Bush,
在小布♥什♥执政期间，911事件之后明显扩张
and Obama has continued to expand it, and the problems have slowly grown worse and worse,
奥巴马继续扩张，问题越来越严重
but there’s never been this moment you can point to and say,
但从未到达这种时刻，即你可以指出来说
“Okay, we need to galvanize opposition today because today is when it matters…”
“好的，我们得揭竿而起，因为在今天，窃听非常严重。”
The prosecution, in my estimation of Aaron Swartz, was about sending a particular, laser like message
以我对Aaron Swartz的了解，起诉其实是像镭射一样，特定针对那些
to a group of people that the Obama administration sees as politically threatening,
被奥巴马政♥府♥视作是政♥治♥威胁的一群人发出讯息
and that is, essentially, the hacker, the information, and the democracy activist community,
他们基本上是黑客，信息和民♥主♥人士社团
and the message that the Obama administration wanted to send to that particular community was,
在我看来，奥巴马政♥府♥想要传达给他们的信息是这样的
in my estimation, “We know you have the ability to make trouble for the establishment,
“我们知道你们有能力破坏它的建立
and so we are going to try to make an example out of Aaron Swartz
所以我们准备用亚伦•斯沃茨来杀鸡儆猴
to scare as many of you as possible into not making that trouble.”
去恐吓尽可能多的人,叫他们别制♥造♥麻烦
And the government said, “Oh, the legal opinions we’re using
政♥府♥说，“哦，我们用来使间谍活动合法化的法律意见
to legalize the spying program are also classified,
也是机密的
so we can’t even tell you which laws we’re using to spy on you.”
所以我们不能告诉你我们正在使用哪条法律来监视你”
You know, every time they can say, “Oh, this is another instance of cyber war.
你知道，每次他们都可以说，“哦，这是另一个网络战争的例子
The cybercriminals are attacking us again. We’re all in danger. We’re all under threat.”
网络罪犯再一次袭击我们。我们处于危险之中，我们受到了威胁。”
They use those as excuses to push through more and more dangerous laws.
他们把这些当做借口来推行越来越多危险的法律
[Interviewer] And so just to follow–personally, how do you feel the fight is going?
就你个人而言，你认为抗争将走向何处？
It’s up to you!
这由你决定！
-I know. It’s just that we gotta, you know…
我知道。我们只是将要……你知道……
You know, there’s sort of these two polarizing perspectives, right,
你知道，视角是两极化的，没错
everything is great, the internet has created all this freedom and liberty, and everything’s going to be fantastic
一切都是伟大的，互联网创造了自♥由♥，一切都很了不起
or everything is terrible,
或者说一切都很可怕
the internet has created all these tools for cracking down and spying,
互联网创造了所有用于制裁、监听
and controlling what we say.
并且控制我们的言论的工具
And the thing is, both are true, right?
事情就是这样，两方面都是对的，是吧？
The internet has done both, and both are kind of amazing and astonishing
互联网是一把双刃剑，它所带来的两个方面的影响都很了不起，很惊人
and which one will win out in the long run is up to us.
从长远来看，哪一方会胜出取决于我们
It doesn’t make sense to say, “Oh, one is doing better than the other.” You know, they’re both true.
说，“一方面比另一方做的更好”这种话是没有意义的，你知道的，他们都是存在的
And it’s up to us which ones we emphasize and which ones we take advantage of
而强调哪一个、利用好哪一个，取决于我们
because they’re both there, and they’re both always going to be there.
因为他们都真实存在，并将一直存在
On September 12, 2012, federal prosecutors filed a superseding indictment against Swartz,
在2012年9月12日，联邦检察官对斯沃茨提起新的诉讼，
adding additional counts of wire fraud, unauthorized access to a computer, and computer fraud.
添加电♥信♥欺诈、非法访问计算机和计算机欺诈的罪名
Now, instead of four felony counts, Swartz was facing thirteen.
现在，斯沃茨面临的不再是四项重罪罪名，而是十三项
The prosecution’s leverage had dramatically increased,
检方所施加的影响急剧增加
as did Swartz’s potential jail time and fines.
同样急剧增加的还有斯沃茨可能面临的刑期和罚款
They filed a separate indictment to add more charges,
他们提起了一个独♥立♥的诉讼以增加罪名
and they had a theory about why this conduct constituted a number of federal crimes,
而且他们有一个关于这种行为为何构成了一系列的联邦罪行的理论
and that a very significant sentence could attach to it under the law.
而且根据法律，一个重要的判决与这个理论相关
That theory, and much of the prosecution’s case against Swartz
这个理论，连同很多对斯沃茨的指控
involved a law created originally in 1986.
与1986年制定的一部法律有关。
It is called the “Computer Fraud and Abuse Act”.
它被称作“《计算机诈骗与滥用法》”
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
《计算机欺诈和滥用法》的灵感
was inspired by the movie “War Games” with Matthew Broderick–great movie.
来源于Matthew Broderick的电影《战争游戏》，这是部很棒的电影
[Broderick] I have you now.
我控制了你
In this movie, a kid gets the ability, through the magic of computer networks
在这部电影中，计算机网络的魔力赋予了一个孩子
to launch a nuclear attack.
发动核攻击的能力
[missiles firing up]
【导弹发射】
You know, that’s not actually possible, and it certainly wasn’t possible in the ’80s
你知道，实际上这不可能，尤其是在80年代
but apparently this movie scared Congress enough to
但显然这部电影使国会非常害怕
pass the original Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
以至于他们通过了《计算机欺诈与滥用法》
This is a law that’s just behind the times, for example, it penalizes
这是一部落后于时代的法律，例如
a terms of service kind of arrangement. You can have something like
它惩罚协议类的服务条款
eHarmony or Match.com, and somebody sort of inflates their own personal characteristics,
在eHarmony或者Match.com上， 你可以虚构个人信息，夸大自己
and all of a sudden, depending on the jurisdiction and the prosecutors,
而突然间，根据管辖权和检察官的说法，
they could be in a whole host of troubles.
它们会惹来一大堆麻烦
We all know what “Terms of Use” are.
我们都知道什么是“使用条款”
Most people don’t read them, but not abiding by their terms could mean
大多数人不读它，但不遵守他们的条款可能意味着
you are committing a felony.
你正在犯罪
The website Terms of Service often say things like:
网络服务条款常常这么说：
“Be nice to each other”, or “Don’t do anything that’s improper.”
“友善对待他人”或“不要有不恰当的行为”
The idea that the Criminal Law has anything to say about these kinds of violations,
刑法中包含着这些罪责
I think strikes most people as crazy.
这令人抓狂
The examples get even more “crazy”:
有些例子甚至更为疯狂
Until it was changed in March of 2013, the Terms of Use on the website of Hearst’s Seventeen magazine
在2013年3月修改之前，Hearst17岁杂♥志♥的网络使用条款
said you had to be eighteen in order to read it.
声明你必须年满18岁才能阅读它
I would say that the way the CFAA has been interpreted by the Justice Department,
根据司法部门对《计算机欺诈和滥用法》的解释
we are probably all breaking the law.
我们可能都在犯法
Vague and prone to misuse, the CFAA has become a one-size-fits-all hammer
模糊且容易误用的《计算机欺诈和滥用法》成为了放之四海而皆准的法槌
for a wide range of computer-related disputes.
用于处理与计算机有关的各种纠纷
Though not the only factor in his case,
尽管《计算机诈骗与滥用法》不是案中的唯一因素
eleven of the thirteen charges against Swartz involved the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
13项指控中的11项与之相关
The question “Why?” hangs over much of the story of Aaron Swartz.
在亚伦•斯沃茨的故事中，“为什么”这个问题常常悬而未决
Just what was motivating the government, and what would their case have been?
究竟是什么在驱动着政♥府♥？案子本该怎么处理？
The Department of Justice declined requests for answers,
美国司法部拒绝回答
but Professor Orin Kerr is a former prosecutor who has studied the case.
但前检察官Orin Kerr教授曾研究过这个案件
So, I think I come about this case from a different direction than other people on a number of reasons:
所以我有以下的理由,从与常人不同的角度看待这个案件
I was a federal prosecutor at the Justice Department for three years
在我成为教授前我曾在司法部担任了三年的联邦检察官
before I started teaching. The government came forward
政♥府♥提出的指控
with an indictment based on what crimes they thought were committed,
基于政♥府♥认为他们犯了什么罪
just as a purely lawyer’s matter, looking at the precedents, looking at the statute,
作为一个纯粹的律师，关注先例，关注法规
looking at the history, looking at the cases that are out there so far,
关注历史，关注案子的发展情况
I think it was a fair indictment based on that.
我认为这是一个公平的、有理有据的起诉
You can debate whether they should have charged this case.
你们可以争论他们是否有罪
There’s just a lot of disagreement. Some people are on the Open Access side, some people are not.
这有很多的异议，有些人支持开放获取，有些人则不
I think the government took Swartz’s “Guerilla Open Access Manifesto” very seriously,
我认为，政♥府♥对斯沃茨的“游击队开放获取宣言”的态度非常严肃
and I think they saw him as somebody who was committed, as a moral imperative,
政♥府♥认为他是个坚定的卫道者
to breaking the law, to overcome a law that Swartz saw as unjust,
Swartz要违反和挑战他认为不公正的法律
and in a democracy, if you think a law is unjust, there are ways of changing that law.
而在一个民♥主♥政体中，如果你认为某部法律不公正，你可以通过几个途径来改变它
There’s going to Congress as Swartz did so masterfully with SOPA,
可以像斯沃茨一样霸气地阻止《禁止网络盗版法》（SOPA），来对抗国会
or you can violate that law in a way to try to nullify that law,
或者你可以通过使法律失效的方式来对抗它