愚昧年代（2009）

David Cameron甚至还穿用旧消防员长裤回收製成的鞋子。
David Cameron even wears recycled shoes made from old fireman’s trousers.
儘管付出了一些努力在控制污染和对气候的影响，
Despite all the efforts to control pollution and its effect in our climate,
温室气体的排放量却屡创新高，更没有下降的趋势。
the level of greenhouse gas emission has reached a record highand shows no signs of being reversed.
儘管有京都议定书和一大堆要减少二氧化碳的言论，
Despite the Kyoto treaty, and all the talk of reducing emission of carbon dioxide,
这个对温室效应影响最严重的气体，排放的速度却是越来越快。
level of this key greenhouse gas are rising faster than ever.
六点半，带有凉意的秋天早晨。Alvin准备上班去，寻找更多石油。
06:30 am on a cool autumn morning, and Alvin’s heading up to work, searching for more oil.
很讽刺的，飓风重创了新奥尔良外海的产油基地。
Ironically, the oil infrastructure off the coast of New Orleans suffered major damage during the hurricane,
但壳牌动作很快，经过仅仅九个月的维修，
but Shell moved fast to carry out repair and just 9 months later,
油井又开始产油，所有人回到工作冈位。
the rigs are online, and everyone’s back at work.
石油是来自古老的海洋植物，当时通过吸收阳光获取能源。
Oil was formed when ancient plant life in the ocean, absorbed energy from the ancient sun.
当这些植物死掉后，
会和很多很多其它海洋生物的遗体一起沉积在海床中。
When these plants died, they settled in the ocean floor along with the dead bodies of tons and tons of ocean creatures.
几千年以后，温度上升使这些有机物质渐渐的改变，
Over millennia, temperature increased and the organic matter was gradually cooked
直到最后太阳的能量终于被储存在石油裡。
until the sun’s energy was stored inside oil.
一亿五千万年以后，壳牌的地质学家们分♥析♥石油到底藏在甚麽地方，
150 million years later, Shell’s geologists analyzed where the oil might be,
然后鑽三英哩到海床下取出样本。
and then drilled 3 miles down into the seabed to collect samples.
拿去吧，Al。谢啦
Hey you go Al, get yourself. Thank you…
我们取得样本并分♥析♥他们的化石含量。那些微观的化石。
We get the samples and analyze them for the fossil contents. The microscopic fossils.
这只不过是为了增加找到石油几率，地质学家的另一个方法。
And it’s just another geo-scientific tool in order to improve your possibility of finding oil.
在我看来，这麽说可能有点自大，
In my opinion, probably arrogantly so,
我觉得做这些事是个崇高的使命，
but it’s pretty high calling actually to try to do that,
去瞭解或是甚至参与到时间的演进过程中。
to try to figure out or maybe take apart, you know, time itself.
追溯几千年之前，
Go back a few thousand years,
人类种植农作物，饲养动物需要的可用能源
一直被太阳不断照射地球的日光所限制著。
and the energy available to grow our crops or feed animals was limited by the daily sunlight falling on the earth.
但是现在，
But now,
我们如此贪婪，每年使用的能源相当于远古几百年的日光能源。
we gorge ourselves on hundreds of years worth of sunlight every single year.
现代生活的每一部份几乎都可说是从石油製成。
Every part of modern life is now literally made of oil.
从CD光盘到塑料袋，从药品到计算机，
From CDs to plastic bags, to medicines and computers.
从衣服和地毯到发胶，到手♥机♥。
From clothes and carpets to hair gel and cell phones.
这种物质用处太大了！
It’s a fantastically useful substance.
再来就是我们的食物，
Then there’s our food,
我们食用每1卡路里的食物从生产、包装、冷藏到运送，
大约需花80卡路里的石油
each calorie we eat used about 80 oil calories to produce, package, refrigerate and transport.
矿物能源（煤，石油，天然气）还被加工製成肥料，
否则大约20亿人将难以生存下去。
And fossil fuel produce fertilizers now feed about 2 billion people who could not otherwise stay alive.
人类最好能够利用剩下的石油，去打造一个不需要以靠石油过活的社会。
It would be wise for humanity to use the remaining oil to build the new society which could run without it.
但相反的，我们却恣意的每天燃烧几千万桶的原油。
But we are, instead, indiscriminately burning tens of millions of barrels every day.
这些在大约40年后会全部用尽，后代子孙将一无所有。
It’ll all be gone in about 40 years, leaving pretty much none for future generations.
当你去观察它，闻它的味道，你知道的，
And then you see it, and you smell it, and, you know,
又油腻又丑，但闻起来就像钱一样，如此美丽。
it’s greasy and ugly and smell so much like money, it’s just beautiful, you know.
2005年一年130亿英磅。相当于每小时1500万英磅，每秒钟400英磅。
13 billion pounds in 2005, that’s 1.5 million pounds an hour, 400 pounds a second.
其中有相当一部分来自这裡，尼日利亚，
And a hefty chunk of those profits came from here, Nigeria,
然而那裡的绝大部分人每天的生活标准不足一美元。
where most of the population lives on less than 1 dollar a day.
这是我们喝的水。
This is the water we drink.
裡面有很多青蛙、蟾蜍。
你可以在这裡找到所有的病菌。
用显微镜看的话，就可以看到裡面有会让我们感染的病菌。
我们以为如果我们把壳牌引进来小区…
就能改变这裡的水质。
但状况都还是一样。
这是我们的医疗中心…
22岁的Layefa Malin志向是当一个医生
22-year-old Layefa Malin has an ambition to trained as a doctor
并在自己的村落Cojabanee服务。
and then work in a home village called Cojabanee,
当时壳牌打算在这裡建一座医疗中心。
where Shell started building this medical center.
三年来这裡都是像现在这样。
但我们还是期望他们可以过来把医院建起来。
就如同其它上百个在尼日三角洲附近的社区项目一样，
建设都半途中止了。
Like hundreds of other community projects across Niger delta, construction has been abandoned.
壳牌坚称是因为害怕发生绑票事件。
Shell maintains that’s because of the risk of kidnapping.
13%的石油获利应该用于社区项目建设。
13% of the oil revenue is supposed to be spent on community development.
但当地居民应分得的款项几乎都因为腐♥败♥的政♥治♥系统丝毫不剩。
But the local people share is almost all lost to the corrupt political system.
所以儘管身处西非石油利润最高的地区，
So despite being in the most profitable oil region in West Africa,
Layefa的村落没有医疗系统，没有中学，没有电，也没有饮用水
Layefa’s village has no health service, no secondary school, no electricity, and no drinking water.
我觉得2004年应该死了很多人。
非常多。
我记得应该有20个人。
大多都是孩子。
甚至还有我母亲的孩子，也就是我的妹妹…
也死了，死于霍乱。
我想我妹妹的死，让我有了很大的动力。
想成为一个好医生。
不只是个医生，而是个好医生。
我的斑疹伤寒就是因为饮用水传染的。
我知道要进入医学院学习，要花很多钱。
我需要付住宿费还有其它费用。
我也想要穿好看的衣服。
这就意味著我必须从今年开始捕鱼…
一直到…可能四年吧。
Layefa，把你的桨放那边。
把你的桨放到另一边。
高压油管，请勿下锚。
捕鱼并不容易。
因为油污染水面，
毒死了大部分的鱼。
我们甚至也捕不到大鱼了，只有些小鱼而已。
快把网拉起来我们才可以走。
我们只抓了两条鱼。
有时候油会佈满整只鱼。
还必须要拿Omo(一种清洁剂)洗。
新闻裡说
我们现在每天原油产量都在是一千还是一百万桶，
但我们不但没有变的有钱，
反而越来越穷。
Layefa所描述的现象被称作”资源的诅咒”。
Layefa is describing a phenomenon known as “the resource curse”.
亦即，发现新石油，相反的会常使这个国家更为穷困。
Paradoxically, finding oil usually increases a country’s poverty.
因为石油资源常被控制在极少数人的手中，
As the oil wealth is concentrated in hands of a few,
因此，这个国家的农业、教育、医疗就会被忽视，甚至崩溃。
so the agriculture, education, and health system of the country become neglected and often collapsed.
天然气日以继夜的在尼日河三角洲烧著，
The local people health problems are compounded by gas flare,
加重了当地居民的健康问题。
burning nights and days throughout the Niger delta,
气喘、支气管炎、皮肤病全都和这有关。
asthma, bronchitis, skin diseases, and cancer have all been linked.
天然气虽然通常会在石油口附近发现，但是运输上会有危险，
That gas is found alongside oil, but, as it’s dangerous to transport,
所以很难卖♥♥到海外市场。
天然气原本可以在尼日利亚当地用来烹饪或是取暖，
it can’t easily be sold to over sea markets. It could be use for cooking and heating within Nigeria,
但建造这些基础设施费用非常高，
所以石油公♥司♥乾脆就让天然气这麽烧著。
but building infrastructure is expensive, so the oil company just burn it off.
这些火焰每年产生七千万吨♥的二氧化碳，
Its flares emit about 70 million tons of carbon dioxide every year
相当于一千万户的伦敦家庭一年的排放量。
more than the annual emissions from 10 million British homes.
因为钱在他们手裡…
都是大公♥司♥…
所以他们就为所欲为。
they just do whatever they like.
为什麽美国城市的设计使得每个人要是没有一辆车都寸步难行?
Why are American cities designed so it’s almost impossible not to have a car?
为什麽上百条的铁路，像纽约、
Why were a hundred railways in cities like New York,
费城、洛杉矶等，建造了以后又被故意破坏?
Philadelphia, and Los Angles bought up and then deliberately destroyed?
为什麽电动车会被废弃?
Why do the electric cars get scrapped?
为什麽我们美国和澳大利亚
Why were we, along with Australia,
成为唯一两个没有签署京都议定书的国家?
the only two countries not to sign the original Kyoto climate treaty?
为什麽石油公♥司♥的游说者可以任意的修改政♥府♥对于全球暖化的报告?
Why was an oil company lobbyist allowed to change official government reports on global warming?
为什麽帮忙香烟产业宣传抽烟很健康的同一家公♥关♥公♥司♥，
Why was the same PR firm employed by the tobacco industry to persuade the public that smoking is healthy,
又被石油产业请来宣传气候变迁的说法还有待商榷?
then employed by the oil industry to convince us there was still doubt about climate change?
不到1%的学界人士还在怀疑，全球暖化是否人类活动造成
而约60%的民众仍相信这还有待商榷
替代能源已经存在超过50年了，为什麽我们几乎不用呢?
Alternative energy has been available for 50 years, why have we barely used it?
为什麽白宫上的太阳能板被拆掉了?
Why were solar panels taking off the white house?
因为早从石油产业诞生的那一刻，
Because right from the early days of the industry,
石油商人和那些看不见的利益就对我们的政♥府♥官员有很多”关照”
the oil men and their unseen profit have had an unhealthy influence on the people running our country.
而现在这些石油商人「就」是我们的政♥府♥官员。
（带红字的照片有石油背景）
And now, they all are the people running our country.
同时他们还提供资金。（美孚，雪佛龙等公♥司♥对小布♥什♥竞选资金赞助）
And they’re providing the cash, too.
石油产业不只是和政♥府♥有挂勾，
Oil business isn’t just in bed with the government,
石油产业「就是」政♥府♥。
it is the government.
现在Layefa正前往一个附近的村落，
Here, Layefa is going to a nearby village,
Odiama，这裡之前曾被政♥府♥屠♥杀♥过。
Oiama, that was massacre by the government.
这个村落曾经因为一块土地的所有权问题而挑起了纷争，
The village was involved in a dispute about ownership of a piece of land,
一块壳牌打算鑽油井的土地。
on which Shell planed to drill for oil.
政♥府♥宣称这个村落藏匿了许多恐♥怖♥分♥子♥，
The government claimed that the village was harboring terrorists,
当政♥府♥派军进入的时候，
and when they sent the military in to find those terrorists,
遭到村民的开枪攻击。
the villagers opened fire on the soldiers.
Layefa要去听听来自Omiekma Wekid叙述，瞭解一下村民角度的看法。
Layefa has gone to hear the villagers’ side of the story, from Omiekma Wekid
14艘快艇过来。
上面都是军人。
然后我们看到了四艘武装快艇。
再来我们就听到了”轰”一声，房♥子开始起火。
我们就说，”快逃吧”
整座岛屿都在摇晃。
这裡之前有座建筑。
他们来这后把它烧成灰烬。
有一个村民想要逃命，
一直跑跑跑，跑到森林裡去。
两个小孩就死在这裡。
我在森林裡待了两的星期。
没有食物。
摘些叶子。
就在这些灌木丛裡面，你就可以想像这潭水是怎麽样子。
当时就喝这种水。
很多小孩都死了。
那时候我已经怀孕了。
但因为喝了这些肮髒的水，
在他生出来的时候，
他不停的上吐下泻。
之后就死了。
国♥际♥特♥赦♥组织调查该屠♥杀♥案后表示，
Amnesty international investigated the massacre and concluded that,
虽然政♥府♥是造成伤亡的主因，
although the government was responsible for the killings,
壳牌尼日利亚分公♥司♥也应该要确保他们的行为不会造成这个衝突发生。
Shell Nigeria should have made sure that their activities did not contribute to the conflict.
那些没逃走的人，都被集中起来，殴打一顿。
强姦了一些女生。
这裡本来是我祖父的地方。
他和他的家人住在一起。
他们放火烧了他的家。