第十一个小时（2007）

…because the wrong kind of growth reduces our quality of life…
因为这种错误的增长方式 降低了生活质量
…and we have to retake that back.
于是我们又得重来一次
I think the industrial system…
我觉得工业系统…
…has to be reinvented.
必须重新建立
Today, the throughput of the industrial system from mining wellhead…
如今 工业系统的产量 在从开采水源
…through to finished product that ends up in a landfill or an incinerator…
到制♥造♥出成品的过程中， 这些成品最终变成垃圾或被焚烧
…for every truckload of product with lasting value…
每生产一车成品
…32 truckloads of waste are produced.
最终会产生32车垃圾
And that is mind-boggling. But it’s true.
这虽然令人难以置信 但却是真的
So we have a system that is a waste-making system.
所以说我们的系统就是 生产垃圾的系统
Clearly, we cannot continue to dig up the earth and turn it to waste.
很明显 我们不能一直这样 挖掘地球资源把它变成垃圾
In our modern globalized world…
在这个现代化全球化的世界里
… growth continues to be the focus of many corporations and governments…
增长仍是许多公♥司♥和许多政♥府♥ 关注的焦点
… who deplete our environment for economic gain.
它们为了经济的利益 毁坏着环境
But what about us, as individuals, as consumers?
我们又如何呢？ 作为个人 作为消费者
To what extent are we participants in the destruction of our biosphere?
我们又是怎样地参与了 毁坏生物圈的过程呢？
The problem is not a problem of technology.
这个问题不是技术的问题
The problem is not a problem of too much carbon dioxide.
也不在于二氧化碳过多
The problem is not a problem of global warming.
也不在于全球气候变暖
The problem is not a problem of waste.
也不是垃圾问题
All of those things are symptoms of the problem.
这些都只是问题的现象
The problem is the way that we are thinking.
问题在于我们的思考方式
The problem is fundamentally a cultural problem.
这个问题的基本 是文化的问题
It’s at the level of our culture that this illness is happening.
这个病的根本在于我们的文化
We’re now products of $500 billion of advertising each year.
我们现在成为了 每年5000亿美元的广♥告♥业的产物
By the time a child comes to college or grows up through school…
等孩子们上大学或者从中学毕业时
…as a first-year student in college, they’ll have seen thousands of hours of TV.
他们成为大一新生时 他们已经看了数千小时的电视
On average, four hours and some minutes per day.
平均每天四个多小时
As a result, as one study showed, they could identify 1000 corporate logos…
有研究指出 其结果是 他们可以认出1000个品牌
…but fewer than 10 plants and animals native to their own place.
却认不出10种以上的 当地动植物
And so we’ve become not only consumers…
所以说我们不但是消费者
…but hugely ignorant of the terms by which we live on the Earth.
也是地球物种白♥痴♥
Americans are spending their time working and spending.
美国人的时间都花在工作和消费上了
That’s where our time is going.
我们大部分时间都是这么过的
An average American goes shopping in one way or another five times a week.
平均一个美国人每周 会进行5次各种各样的购物
During the day, we spend time working to make the money so that we can shop.
白天我们把大多数时间用于工作 好赚钱购物
And there’s a growing weariness of having to hold up the global economy…
越来越多的人意识到必须 在全球化的经济中坚持下去
…having to sort of keep up with the Joneses.
必须赶上周围的人的生活
So while everything’s getting bigger…
当所有的东西都越来越大时…
…our bathtubs, our houses, our vehicles, our waistlines…
我们的浴缸 房♥子 车子 我们的腰围
…we’re running out of time. We have less of the things we really care about.
我们的时间却越来越少 我们关心的事也越来越少
In America, people are so insulated…
在美国 人们因为财富的聚集
…by our concentration of wealth. We spend more money maintaining lawns…
几乎被与世隔绝 我们用于养草坪的钱
…than India collects in federal tax revenue.
比印度的国家税收还多
Our defense budget, which is a trivial percentage of GDP…
我们的国防支出 只是GDP中微不足道的一部分
…is larger than the entire economy of Australia.
却比澳大利亚整国经济还多
So anesthetized by our own wealth, we forget how most of the world lives…
我们被自己的财富所麻痹 而忘了地球上绝大数人如何生活
…and how the majority of the world looks.
地球上绝大多地方是什么样子
So where we are now as a civilization is…
我们现在的社会属于… 我称为
I would call… Consumerism is the leading ideology. Even consumer democracy.
“消费者至上主义领导的意识形态” 甚至是消费者民♥主♥主义
Consumer democracy in the sense that any regime…
消费者民♥主♥主义是指政体
…whether it’s the Chinese regime, the U.S. Regime…
不管是中国政体还是美国政体
…has to give people what they want and when they want it, which is now.
人♥民♥什么时候要什么政♥府♥都给 就像现在一样
And people want consumer goods.
人们想要消费品
Once commodities become cultural symbols…
一旦日用品成为一种文化符号♥
…whether it’s a cell phone in rural China, or a Lamborghini in Malibu…
不管是中国乡村的手♥机♥ 还是马里布的兰博基尼
…there’s no stopping that.
那就没完没了了
You have to change the object of desire in order to get the root of the problem.
只有改变需要的目标 才能触及问题的根源
People believe in choice, and choice means consumerism for most people.
人们相信选择 而选择对多数人来讲就是消费者至上
There is no mileage in trying to save the planet…
在拯救地球的行动中 告诉人们他们的选择是错误的
…by telling people they’re making the wrong choice. It won’t work.
根本不会有任何好处 那不管用
Four, three, two, one!
四 三 二 一！
You have to change the idea behind limitless expansion.
你得改变这种无限膨胀背后的观念
In a phrase, from well-having to well-being.
用句俗话来说：让欲望转变为自在
It’s a cultural transformation.
那是文化的转变
We’ve always, as humans, had material desires.
只要是人 都有物质需求
Material things are part of how we do define who we are.
物质是定义我们是谁的一个方面
So it’s not that consumption is bad, it’s that it’s gotten totally out of balance.
消费并不是坏的 只是它完全失衡了
Media really is the instrument by which…
在我们的社会中
We no longer get knowledge directly from the Earth.
我们不再从地球获取知识
We’re no longer in touch with the sources of our survival.
我们不再和赖以生存的资源 紧密联♥系♥
We no longer, for the most part, in Western industrial society…
在西方工业社会 绝大数情况下 我们不再
We’re no longer growing our food or taking care of our own sustenance…
自给自足…
…or learning directly from our own experience…
不再通过自己的经验学习…
…or having our family be the root of our choices.
不再把家庭当做选择的根本
Basically, we’re like the astronaut in space.
基本上我们就像是太空中的宇航员
You know, we’re floating around in a metallic re-created universe…
我们漂浮在这个金属构造的世界里
…disconnected, really, from sources on the Earth.
不再同地球上的资源接触
And we’re dependent completely upon the information…
我们完全依赖于…
…that is sent to us from very, very far away.
从远方传来的这些信息
We’re psychically numbed.
我们已经精神麻木了
We numb our senses from morning till night…
我们从早到晚都麻木了 自己的感觉
…whether it’s with noise or loud music or light at night.
不管是噪音还是大声的音乐 或者是夜里的灯光
So nobody sees the beauty.
于是没人看得到真正的美
And if we’ve lost the feeling of the beauty of the world…
如果我们失去了 对世界上的美的感觉
…then we are looking for substitutes.
我们就会寻找替代品
Eric Hoffer said, “You can never get enough of what you don’t really want.”
埃里克.霍弗说过 “不是真正想要的东西永远不会够”
Meaning we rush around permanently needy…
意思是说我们奔波于 无尽的需求中
…but the loss, the feeling of loss, is that we don’t know what it is we’ve lost.
而失落感是因为 我们不知道我们失去了什么
What we’ve lost is the beauty of the world…
我们失去了世界本来的美
…and we make up for it with attempting to conquer the world…
为了弥补 我们试图征服世界
…or own the world, possess the world.
拥有世界 占有世界
One can see from space how the human race has changed the Earth.
从太空中可以看到 人类对地球做了多大的改变
Nearly all of the available land has been cleared of forest…
几乎所有可用的森林
…and is now used for agriculture or urban development.
现在都用于农业和城市发展
The polar icecaps are shrinking and the desert areas are increasing.
极地冰面正在缩小 沙漠在扩张
At night, the Earth is no longer dark, but large areas are lit up.
夜里的地球不再黑暗 很多地区都是亮的
All of this is evidence that human exploitation of the planet…
所有这些人类开♥发♥地球的证据
…is reaching a critical limit.
都显示这已经到了临界极限
But human demands and expectations are ever-increasing.
而人类的需求和期望 没有停止增长
We cannot continue to pollute the atmosphere…
我们不能再污染大气
…poison the ocean and exhaust the land.
不能再污染海洋 和挖尽土壤了
There isn’t any more available.
已经没有更多的了
We are living…
我们生活在一个…
…in an enormously challenging time.
面临巨大挑战的时代
If we don’t change what we’re doing…
如果不改变我们的做为…
…we are facing losing…
我们将面临失去…
…perhaps a third, maybe a half, of all the variety of life on Earth.
地球上三分之一甚至一半的物种
We don’t know at what point when we lose biodiversity…
我们不知道的是 差异性失去到什么程度时
…that the system will start to fall apart. I believe in the resilience of nature.
整个系统会崩溃 我相信自然有自己的弹性
So I think that once the human species becomes extinct…
我相信当人类灭绝时
And many species have became extinct before us, many species will after us.
许多物种会在我们之前灭绝 许多会在我们之后
– That the Earth may well spin on its axis happily without humans…
地球没了人类照样会转
…and the microbes and insects will inherit the world.
微生物和昆虫会占领世界
Unless we cause such a dramatic climate shift…
除非我们造成了戏剧性的气候颠覆
…that we become an arid, cold planet like Mars.
让地球变成像火星一样 贫瘠寒冷
I don’t believe for a minute that life will be extinguished.
我从不相信生命会枯绝一说
Even though we’ve radically altered the air, the water, and the soil of Earth…
即使我们完全改变地球上的 空气、水和土壤条件
…life has been incredibly tenacious and adaptable.
生命也会一样顽强地适应
But as a species at the very top of the food chain…
但作为食物链的最高层
…I know that we’re the most vulnerable.
人类是非常易受攻击的
Life has existed on Earth for 3.8 to 4 billion years.
生命已经在地球上存在了38至40亿年
Over that time, there have been a lot of species.
这个过程中 出现了许多物种
But you know what? 99.9999%…
可你知道吗？99.9999%
…four decimal points, percent of all species…
小数点后有4位 存在过的物种
…that have ever existed are extinct.
都灭绝了
So extinction is a natural part of life.
所以灭绝也是生命的一种自然现象
Extinction is what has enabled life to flourish and evolve and change…
灭绝让生命 在地球环境改变时
…with the conditions of the changing planet.
得以繁荣 发展和改变
The planet hasn’t been stuck in one condition over 4 billion years.
而地球的环境40亿年都不曾改变过