第十一个小时（2007）

…is add another dimension of uncertainty.
会增加不确定性的范围
It threatens your food security, for example, your water security…
它会威胁人类的食物供给， 水资源供给
…your sea-level security and your security against storms and hurricanes.
造成海平面升高的威胁， 发生暴风雨、龙♥卷♥风♥的危险
All these things we’ve seen in the news.
那些出现在新闻中的灾难
It’s a national security problem in the sense…
总体来说，影响着一国的安全问题
…FIorida may be the first affected, as well as other coastal parts.
佛罗里达和其它沿海地区 也许是最先受到影响的地区
The UN estimates by the middle of the century…
联♥合♥国♥预测，在本世纪中期
…there may be 150 million environmental refugees…
由于气候变化影响
…at any given time from climate change.
会出现一亿五千万的难民
What we saw with Katrina is just prologue.
卡特里娜引起的骚乱只是开端
I just think that worse is yet to come on that front.
我觉得更糟糕的事情会接踵而来
Global warming’s real and it’s destructive…
全球变暖是真实的，赋予破坏性的
…and its impacts defy the imagination.
它的影响超乎了我们想象
So we’ve got bad things happening on a lot of fronts. And Earth is hurting…
很多可怕的事情接连不断的发生
…and humans have not figured out how to change their ways…
地球在经历变化， 人们不知该如何面对
…and we’re the culprit.
其实我们是罪魁祸首
Global warming has taken much of our attention, as it should.
全球变暖吸引了我们的注意， 也确该如此
But as carbon has been accumulating in the atmosphere…
但是随着大气层中碳的积累
…it has also been accumulating in the ocean.
随着海洋中碳的积累
And as time has passed, deforestation, soil erosion, vanishing wetlands…
随着时代的变迁， 森林砍伐，土地腐蚀，湿地的消失
…and a whole host of other problems have continued unabated.
还有所有其它问题都在持续恶化
We face a convergence of crises…
我们现在处在一个重要关头
…all of which are a concern for life.
所有的一切都关系到生命
The problem that confronts us is that every living system in the biosphere…
有个问题困扰着我们， 生物圈中的每个生物系统
…is in decline and the rate of decline is accelerating.
的数量都在减少， 而减少的速度在增加
There isn’t one peer-reviewed scientific article in the past 20 years…
在过去的20年里，从未出现过这样的科学类文章
…that’s been published that contradicts that statement.
与声明背道而驰
Living systems are coral reefs, they’re our climatic stability…
生态系统包括珊瑚暗礁， 它们确保气候的稳定性
…forest cover, the oceans themselves, aquifers…
森林覆盖层，海洋，含水土层
…water, the conditions of the soil, biodiversity…
水，土地，生物品种
They go on and on as they get more specific.
一直繁衍，种类越来越多
But the fact is there isn’t one living system that is stable or is improving.
但事实上，任何生态系统 都不是绝对稳定的，它们都在进化
And those living systems provide the basis for all life.
这些生态系统为生命提供了基础
I sat on a United Nations group called the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment…
我是千年生态系统评估组的成员， 它是一个联♥合♥国♥组织
…a four-year study, biggest study ever done of ecosystems around the world.
我们针对世界生态系统 进行了为期四年的深入研究
It involved over 1300 scientists from 71 countries in the world.
这个组织由来自 世界71国的1300名科学家组成
At the end of that, in March of 2005, the final reports came in…
在2005年3月，得出了最终的报告
…and they documented this staggering destruction of ecosystems…
证明了生态系统的脆弱性
…and the services they perform for us around the world.
提出了他们对问题的思考
We better acknowledge that the planet is seamless.
我们要承认行星的形成是天衣无缝的
For instance, the fertilizer and the pesticides…
比如，肥料和杀虫剂
…that are applied in the fields of the upper Midwest…
被大量使用，从美国中西部
…go down the Mississippi, and 1100 miles away, there’s a deadzone.
沿着密西西比河1100米， 都是死亡地带
The reality with air pollution is there’s no away.
空气污染的情况也很严重
Impacts can range from headaches, drowsiness, lethargy…
空气污染会导致头疼， 瞌睡，昏睡无力
…to much more serious impacts, not only aggravating asthma, but causing it.
还有更多的严重后果， 不仅是加重哮喘，还能引发哮喘
People didn’t talk about asthma decades ago.
几十年以前，人们还不怎么谈论哮喘
I can walk into a classroom in an elementary school…
我可以走进一间小学教室
…and ask the kids, “How many of you have asthma?”
然后问孩子们 「你们中有多少患哮喘？ 」
Thirty percent of the kids in the room will have their hands raised. At least 30.
教室里30%的孩子 都会举起手来，至少30%
In some classrooms, it’ll be 60 percent.
有的教室可能会达到60%
There’s an ocean crisis right now.
现在又出现了海洋危机
And the upshot is that we’ve taken too much out of the ocean…
是因为我们过度消耗了海洋资源
…we’ve put too much into the ocean, too much pollution…
又向海洋中排放了过多废物， 太多的污染
…and we’re wrecking the edge of the ocean.
我们破坏了沿海岸
We’ve lost 90 percent of most of the big fish…in half a century,
半个世纪内，海中90%的鱼群消失了
so we’re turning to deeper areas, further areas offshore.
因此我们又继续向深海进军
So between overfishing and by-catch, we’re really removing millions…
由于过度捕捉，我们每年
…if not billions, of animals from the ocean every year.
从海中打捞各种海洋动物， 如果不到亿，也有上百万了
Many of them don’t even become food for humans.
大部分都成为了人们的口中餐
They just are wasted.
简直就是浪费
What we put into the ocean…
我们向海洋排放了过度废物
…millions of tons of things that aren’t natural to the sea…
都是海洋自身无法分解的东西
…they come back to us in perverse ways.
它们最终都会以错误的方式 重新回到我们身边
Some fish concentrate these substances…
有些鱼类浓缩了这些物质
…things like mercury, heavy metals of various sorts…
比如水银，不同种类的重金属
…the pesticides, the herbicides.
杀虫剂，除草剂
Corporations dump on equivalent…
企业向海湾倾倒废物
…at the smallest, they do five million gallons per day of toxins into the bay.
每天排放五百万加仑的毒素
It’s everything from benzene to acrylonitrile to mercury to copper to…
包括，苯，丙烯氰，水银，铜……
You name it, they’ve got it.
只有你想不到的，没有他们做不到的
A lot of the chemicals very common in today’s world:
在现今的世界中， 很多化学物质都很常见
Plastics, artificial colors, pesticides…
塑料，人造色素，杀虫剂……
…are really high on the list of suspect agents…
这些化学元素都能
…that promote cancer, that promote premature aging…
引发癌症，早熟
…that increase risks of chronic degenerative diseases.
慢性变性症
Why don’t we think about some of these disorders…
我们为什么不会认为这些病症 是由这些原因导致的呢？
…such as autism, ADHD…
比如自闭症，缺陷多动障碍
…childhood cancers, childhood diabetes…
儿童早期癌症，儿童糖尿病
…childhood behavioral problems, Parkinson’s disorders.
儿童行为障碍，帕金森症
This is now even been linked with Alzheimer’s disorders.
这些都与老年痴呆症相联♥系♥
And then of course we’ve got the early onsets of testicular cancers in males…
后来又出现了男性双丸状肿瘤
…the epidemic of prostate cancer and breast cancers.
前列腺癌和乳腺癌
The list just keeps growing.
疾病越来越多
And exposure to chemicals while in the womb prior to birth…
当婴儿出生前在子♥宫♥中 接触到化学元素
…could be contributing to these disturbing findings.
很有可能诱发这些疾病
The communities that are most impacted by pollution…
有些小区被严重污染
…and in fact, have the most toxic sources of pollution…
事实上，被大量有毒物质污染
…are often low-income communities of color.
基本上都是有色人种的低收入 人群小区
They’re the dumping grounds for power plants…
这些包括能源肥料填埋厂
They’re the dumping grounds for bus depots, for oil refineries…
汽车站，石油精炼厂
…for any number of waste facilities, and everything that no one else wants.
大量的废弃设备和垃圾
Whether it’s the South Bronx, whether it’s Louisiana, in Cancer Alley…
纽约市最北端一区，路易斯安那州
Our food is becoming poisoned…
我们的食物被污染了
…to the point we should worry about it. There’s less and less of it.
已经到了不得不重视的程度了
The water… It’s becoming more and more unhealthy to just swim in the ocean.
水资源，已经不适合饮用， 只能在海里游泳
And all of these are simple to understand…
所有这一切都简单易懂
…canaries in the coalmine…
煤矿中的高频噪声
…of much more subtle and scary disasters on the horizon.
诸如这些细小的污染 都是我们生活中的灾难
Seventy countries in the world no longer have any intact or original forests.
全世界有70多个国家 不具备完整的原始的森林系统
Here in the United States, 95 percent of our old growth forests…
美国，95%的森林
…are already gone.
已经消失了
In many cases, the forest will not grow back.
很多情况下， 森林一旦消失就不会再出现了
That land is converted to grassland.
这些地区就会变为草地
But in the case of rain forests, we have seen firsthand…
我们能直接得出结论，热带雨林中
…that when those trees are removed, no, they do not come back.
一旦被移植，就再也不会形成了
The land becomes extremely dry…
土地会变得异常干燥
…and the nutrient cycling that those trees used to do is no longer functioning.
为树木提供营养的土地资源 系统也就失去了功能
What that leads to next? Deserts.
那会导致什么结果呢？ 沙漠
We’ve seen them and we’ve watched them grow around the world.
我们看到过这样的情况 在地球上蔓延
As we have removed trees from along the edges of very dry areas…
我们砍掉干旱地区边缘的树木
…that desertification has spread where there used to be forests.
沙漠化蔓延到了 这些曾是森林的地区
In my own part of the world…
在我生活的地方
…I keep telling people, “Let us not cut trees irresponsibly.
我一直告诫人们 “不要滥砍滥伐”
Let us not destroy especially…
特别是不要伤害…
…the forested mountains.
被森林覆盖的山
Because if you destroy the forests on these mountains…
因为一旦毁坏了这些山上的森林
…the rivers will stop flowing…
河流将会消失
…and the rains will become irregular…
降雨会变得不规则
…and the crops will fail…
庄稼将会欠收
…and you will die of hunger and starvation.”
你们就会被饿死
Now, the problem is, people don’t make those linkages.
问题就在于 人们不会把这些联♥系♥到一起
Well over 30 percent of the soils of the planet…
地球上有30%的土壤
…have been put into the category of, I think, serious degradation.
已经严重退化了
And the practices of agriculture is eroding that ecological capital…
农业正在逐步毁灭 生态资本…
…that is as much, for all practical purposes…
实际上…
…a nonrenewable resource as oil.
和石油一样也是不可再生资源
What we don’t see or think about when we look at a tree is:
当我们看着一棵树时 我们看不到或者想不到的是
What’s the volume? How much water is contained there?
这里包含了多少水？
Turns out to be 57,000 gallons of water…
事实是 它能在10到12英寸宽的洪水里