一部关于糖的电影

If it appears in your blood,
因为我们测量的就是血液
’cause that’s where we measured it,
就表示肝细胞正在释放转氨酶
it shows that the liver cells are releasing their contents…
也就是说 细胞正在受损或者坏死
i.e., they’re being damaged or dying.
所以
And so the…
这真的有点
You know, the… It’s really…
-我的肝细胞正在坏死 -是的
-My liver cells are dying. -They are. They are.
显然是因为脂肪太多
It’s obviously getting full of fat.
你有一点脂肪肝的迹象
You’ve got the signs of a fatty liver.
真的 这也是我第一次
And this is really the first time
见证了两到三周的时间
I’ve actually seen that it can be actually developed
就形成了脂肪肝
in two or three weeks.
鉴于我的肝在仅仅十八天之后
Given my liver has turned to fat
就转变成了脂肪肝
after just 18 days,
我觉得是时候好好查看一下
I think it’s time to take a closer look
糖进入身体之后做了什么
at what sugar does once it enters the body.
这是演员布兰顿·思怀兹
This is the actor Brenton Thwaites.
他人很好 自愿用他的身体
He’s very kindly volunteered his body
来做下面的演示
for the following demonstration.
糖进入身体后 分成了两个部分
After sugar enters the body, it splits into two parts…
果糖和葡萄糖
fructose and glucose.
两者都会前往肝脏
Both of which make their way to the liver.
现在 进入肝脏后
Now, once in the liver,
葡萄糖有秩序地被处理着
the glucose is dealt with efficiently.
它们有的会立即转化成能量
It’s either used immediately for energy
有的会被储存起来 就像备用电池一样
or it’s stored for later, like a spare battery.
但糖中一半的果糖就不一样了
But the fructose half of sugar is very different.
肝脏里没有管理果糖的系统
The liver doesn’t have a system to regulate the fructose
因为果糖自然界里是非常稀有的
because it was so rare in nature,
所以不管是否需要它 它都会脱离血液
so it hoovers it out of the bloodstream whether it needs it or not.
如果所有的备用电池都存满了 很快它就会变成脂肪
And if all our spare batteries are full, then it rapidly turns it into fat.
一些脂肪会留在肝脏里
Some of that fat is gonna stay in the liver
那么你将会增加
and you’re gonna have increased risk
产生胰岛素耐受性和患糖尿病的危险
for insulin resistance and diabetes.
肝脏里的脂肪还会
What also happens is that this fat in the liver
被送到血液中 转化为甘油三酸酯
is then sent out into the bloodstream as triglycerides,
甘油三酸酯会使身体肥胖
which can lead to excess weight
造成动脉阻塞 和糖尿病
plus blocked arteries and heart disease.
当我们摄入大量糖
Now, when we’re eating lots of sugar
和其它碳水化合物 比如面包和意面 时
and other carbohydrates like bread and pasta,
就会产生大量葡萄糖
we’re producing lots of glucose.
一种叫做胰岛素的激素会被释放
A hormone called insulin is released,
胰岛素就像一把钥匙可以打开我们的细胞门
which is like a key that helps to open our cells’ doors
然后这些细胞就可以吸收葡萄糖
so they can absorb all the glucose,
葡萄糖离开血液 转化成能量
remove it from the bloodstream and burn it for energy.
血液里的葡萄糖越多 释放的胰岛素就越多
The more glucose in the blood, the more insulin is released.
但对我们来说 关键在于
But the key point for us
当血液里的胰岛素
is that while this insulin is in the blood
在处理葡萄糖时
dealing with all the glucose,
它会让脂肪细胞停留在脂肪周围
it tells our fat cells to hold on to the fat.
实际上就关掉了脂肪燃烧的过程
It actually turns off our fat-burning processes.
因此我们在吃进大量糖的时候
So when we’re eating lots of sugar,
脂肪进入了身体是经由脂肪肝
we’re putting fat into our bodies via the fatty liver.
此外 因为葡萄糖的存在
Plus, because of all the glucose,
可以维持胰岛素水平
we maintain the level of insulin,
让脂肪细胞待在脂肪周围
which tells our fat cells to hold on to the fat.
当胰岛素在处理所有的糖时
We can’t burn off fat
我们无法燃尽脂肪
when insulin is around dealing with all the sugar!
这是有可能发生的
This is what may be happening
对于大部分的人来说
to a huge number of the population.’
但是对布兰顿来说不太可能
It’s highly unlikely with Brenton, though.
我们要讨论的问题是
The issue that we’re talking about
有一些慢性疾病
is that there are these chronic diseases
与许多病都有关 比如肥胖 糖尿病
related to obesity and diabetes…
心脏病
heart disease,
调查科学记者著有
《我们为什么会发胖》
盖里·陶比斯
许多癌症 痛风和高血压
many cancers, gout, hypertension,
高血压有可能发展成阿尔茨海默氏症
high blood pressure, possibly Alzheimer’s disease.
问题是 如果饮食里没有糖
The question is, would these diseases exist…
这些疾病还会存在吗
if sugar wasn’t in the diet?
今天早上我醒来的时候 觉得精疲力尽
So, this morning I’ve woken up and I feel pretty drained.
昨天晚上我吃了一道很甜的鸡肉菜
I had a chicken dish last night that was pretty sweet.
可以说我的身体感觉昏昏欲睡
And I could just tell that my body feels lethargic
而它正等着再一次糖的摄取
and it’s waiting for its next sugar injection.
它有一个很好听的名字叫做向上走早餐奶
So the perfectly named Up&Go
以此开始我今天的生活
is gonna start my day today.
是香蕉口味
Banana flavoured with, uh…
相当于四到五茶匙糖
about four to five teaspoons of sugar.
显然
It was obvious
糖会影响我的身体
that sugar was affecting me physically,
但令人吃惊的是
but the real surprise
对我的情绪也有影响
was the impact it was having on my moods.
真是神奇 它这么甜
It’s amazing, it’s so sweet
我能感觉到我的大脑立刻作出反应
and I can feel my brain responds to it straightaway.
比如 尝起来很美味
Like, it tastes delicious.
我注意到最重要的是情绪波动
The thing I’ve noticed the most is the mood swings.
心理学家
艾伦博士
当我摄入大量糖时 我感受到了身体警觉起来
Big highs when I have the sugar and I feel super alert
大概会持续四十五分钟
and switched on for about 45 minutes
然后我就非常想要睡觉
and then I’ll get this feeling of real lethargy,
有点意识模糊 有点冷淡 直到下一次糖分冲击
I’ll feel vague, a bit aloof until I get that next hit again
才又能集中精力
and then I’m right to concentrate.
我注意到他的注意力在下降
I just noticed the attention is reduced
他现在很容易分心
and he’s much more distracted.
-嗯 -非常不像他
-Hm. -And it’s very unlike him.
很不正常
Very unusual.
你们所说的
What you’re describing is absolutely
正是很多研究已经证明的
what the research has shown,
高度注意力和精力
is a high concentration, energy,
会紧接着一个崩溃
followed by a crash.
大脑和身体依靠葡萄糖运转
The brain and body runs on glucose.
如果葡萄糖水平持续忽高忽低
If the glucose level is going constantly up and down,
就是精力一会旺盛 一会低靡
you know, zinging high and low and high and low
反反复复
and back and forth,
那么你的精神状态就会不稳定
then your mental function is just unstable.
如果葡萄糖水平稳定
If your glucose level is stable
而且没有上下波动 你就会更清醒
and not fluctuating, then you have more clarity.
就像是身体
It’s almost like the body is
已经习惯了我创造的这种新现状
getting used to this new reality that I’ve created,
并且它从糖中获取一阵阵的能量爆发
and it gets its burst of energy from the sugar.
当情况不再是那样
And then when that’s not happening,
这就像说 我们准备好了
it’s, like, going, “OK, we’re ready.”
就像 我猜 我以前抽烟 大概是一样的感觉
Like, I guess, I used to smoke, it’s a similar feeling.
告诉我多一点
Tell me a little bit more about what it’s like
在你吃一些糖
when you’ve just had some sugar
和吃很多糖的时候 是什么状况
and when you’re on the sugar high.
傻气幼稚的我就冒出来了
A quite childish thing comes out in me.
我就像 唔 然后兴奋好一会儿
I go, “Whoo,” and then I’m full of beans for a while.
他日常生活中也会那样
He can be like that in day-to-day life, too,
他很好玩 很有趣 但不同之处在于
he’s really fun and playful, but the difference is
他有一点处于狂躁的边缘 以前不会这样
there’s a kind of manic edge to it that wasn’t there before.
更像是 啊啊啊啊
It’s kind of a bit more like, “Ah’.”
狂躁的状态很有趣
Now, the manic state is quite interesting
因为它和愉快不一样 对吧
because it’s not the same as happiness, right?
有一点迷醉了的感觉
There’s a sort of a sense of being wired.
正在下糖雨啊
It’s raining sugar!
所以很有趣 因为正如我们所看到的
So, it’s interesting ’cause that’s what we do see.
我并不是说你有抑郁狂躁型忧郁症
And I’m not suggesting you’ve got bipolar disorder
但这的确是一种现象 我们看到在特定情况下
but it’s a phenomena that we see in that particular condition
情绪容易异常高涨
where there’s a very high mood