九日闲居
世短意常多，斯人[1]乐久生。
日月依辰至，举[2]俗爱其名。
露凄暄风[3]急，气澈天象明。
往燕无遗影，来雁有余声。
酒能祛百虑，菊解制颓龄[4]。
如何蓬庐士，空视时运倾[5]。
尘爵耻虚罍，寒华徒自荣。
敛襟独闲谣，缅焉起深情。
栖迟[6]固多娱，淹留岂无成[7]！
公元419年或之后，此时陶渊明已过55岁。据《宋书·陶潜传》记载陶渊明归隐后闲居家中，某年九月九日重阳节，宅边的菊花正开，然因家贫无酒，正在惆怅感伤之际，忽然时任江州刺史的王宏派人送来了酒，诗人也不推辞，开怀畅饮。“世短意常多”指人生短促，其意在表达人生在世不过白驹过隙，诗中“九”通“久”，人们对它的喜爱体现了对长生的渴求，诗人以九月九来感叹人生。“尘爵耻虚罍，寒华徒自荣”指诗人感叹自己有菊无酒，空负良辰美景，暗指诗人贫寒潦倒的处境和已经寥落的心情。“敛襟独闲谣”指整理衣襟独自悠然歌咏，说明诗人对人生价值有了新的审视，暗喻了他对晋宋易代的悲愤，以及对前朝的留恋。
注释：
[1]斯人：人人。
[2]举：整个，全部。
[3]暄风：温暖的风。
[4]颓龄：暮年。
[5]倾：斜，引申为变迁。
[6]栖迟：隐居而游玩休憩的意思。栖：住宿；迟：迟缓。
[7]淹留岂无成：反用《楚辞·九辨》“蹇（jiǎn）淹留而无成”，意思是长期归隐，难道就会一事无成？淹留：长时间停留，指长期隐退。
Written at Leisure on Double Ninth Day
Life is short, full of cares and sighs;
On earth men still wish to live long.
In time sun and moon sink and rise
But we like the Double Ninth song.
The wind won’t sough on dreary dew;
The fresh air makes the sky more clear.
Parting swallows leave no shadow new;
Honking wild geese don’t reach the ear.
Drinking may drive all cares away;
Chrysanthemums prolong our life.
Living in thatched cot night and day;
I still neglect the world in strife.
Cups would feel ashamed without wine;
Unenjoyed flowers bloom in vain.
Donning my robe, I croon verse line;
Deep thoughts may lead to joy or pain.
Enjoying solitude with pleasure,
I’m happy in my life of leisure.
《九日闲居》是东晋诗人陶渊明创作的一首五言诗。此诗描写了诗人在重阳节这一天赏菊无酒的境况，抒发了诗人惆怅感伤之情。开头写出了自然给人间带来的温馨，接着写了重阳节的美好气候和物候；下面点出酒与菊，有菊而无酒，依然是以诗赋深情。全诗融写景、抒情、说理为一体，语言遒劲新巧，词简意丰，体现了陶诗自然流走的特点。
The Nine Days of Idleness is a poem in five lines written by Tao Yuanming, a poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The poem describes the poet’s situation of enjoying chrysanthemums without wine on the day of Chrysanthemum Festival, expressing the poet’s melancholy and sentimental feelings. The poem begins with a description of the warmth of nature on earth, followed by a description of the beautiful climate and weather of the Chrysanthemum Festival; the following poem points out wine and chrysanthemums, with chrysanthemums but without wine, and still the poem is an expression of deep feelings. The poem is a combination of scenery writing, lyricism and reasoning. The language is strong and clever, and the words are simple and rich, reflecting the natural flow of Tao’s poetry.
