Tao Yuanming Poems: Miscellaneous Poems  (IV) – 陶渊明《杂诗  (八首其四)》

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杂诗
 (八首其四)

丈夫志四海,我愿不知老。

亲戚共一处,子孙还相保。

觞弦肆[1]朝日,樽中酒不燥。

缓带尽欢娱,起晚眠常早。

孰若当世时,冰炭[2]满怀抱。

百年归丘垄,用此空名道[3]!

“丈夫志四海,我愿不知老”是说丈夫有志在四海,我愿意不知道自己将是老年人,意指诗人志向远大但并没有所获,却到老年了。接着写到亲戚和睦相处、子孙孝敬相互爱护;琴与酒终日摆在面前,杯子里的酒也从来满着,意指诗人隐居安处的自得之乐。“孰若当世时,冰炭满怀抱”是说有谁像当今世上人,满怀名利若冰炭。寓意贪和求名是两种互相矛盾的,同时对那些贪利求名的人表示鄙视。最后体现诗人新自然说的思想。

这首诗是诗人回忆自己少壮之时的宏伟志向和乐观情绪,充满勃勃的生机;但是随着时光的流逝,诗人感到不仅气力渐退、身体一日不如一日,而且昔日的猛志已经减退,内心充满许多忧虑。眼见光阴荏苒,却又一事无成,更使诗人感到无限忧伤和恐惧。

注释:

[1]肆:摆放,陈列。

[2]冰炭:两不相容矛盾的事物,这里指名和利。

[3]道:同“导”,引导,引领。

Miscellaneous Poems
 (IV)

A lofty man should benefit four seas,

But I’d enjoy till old a life of ease.

I’d have my kinsmen under the same roof,

And all my children safe and sound, harm-proof.

I croon and play my lute morning or night;

My wine cup never dried affords delight.

Freely I’d drink my fill with loose belt ties;

Early I’d go to bed and late to rise.

Can I be like those who would climb up higher,

Worried for gain and loss like ice and fire?

All will be buried in the grave in time.

Why should we care for glory, though sublime!

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