洛杉矶高速公路或长岛快车道
you know, the Los Angeles freeway or the long island expressway.
如果你看那些汽车的尾灯
And if you look at the taillights of those cars,
它连成了实线
it would be solid light.
那就是航线
That’s the shipping Lane,
在这种情况下，光就是是所有船只发出的所有噪音
where, in this case, the light is all the noise from all the ships.
有没有证据表明所有这些噪音正在为鲸鱼和鱼类生活带来困难？
Is there any evidence that all of this noise is making life difficult for whales and fishes?
大多数人类居住在北半球
Most of humanity lives in the Northern hemisphere.
南半球商业航运的百分比很小
There’s a fraction of the percentage of commercial shipping in the Southern hemisphere.
好吧，我们有南露脊鲸
Well, we have Southern right whales.
它们是北露脊鲸的表亲
They’re cousins of the Northern right whales.
那些种群正在蓬勃发展
Those populations are going gangbusters.
但在北方，它们的表亲…
But up North, their cousins…
栖息地和其他方面都差不多…
Same kind of habitat, everything else…
它们挣扎着过日子
They’re struggling to get by.
为什么会这样？
Why is that?
你可以说，“有多少艘船经过该地区？”
You can say, “how many ships are going through the area?”
但那又怎样？
But so what?
怎么证明那有任何影响
How… how do you show that that has any influence
或有任何区别？
or any impact or makes any difference?
（女）好吧，我们真的需要一个实验室来做这件事
(Woman) Well, we really needed a laboratory for that.
我们需要一个可以围起来的地方
We needed a place where you could draw a line around it
“在这些水域内，有哪些因素？”
and ask, “okay. Within these waters, what are those contributions?”
（麦克亚当斯）研究人员选择了波士顿附近的科德角湾
(McAdams) Researchers chose Cape Cod Bay near Boston,
北大西洋须鲸的重要栖息地
an important habitat of North Atlantic right whales.
（男）令人惊讶的是情况有多糟糕
(Man) And what was surprising in that was how bad it was.
（男）你看到露脊鲸的叫声像小萤火虫光一样发光
(Man) You see right whale calls illuminated like little firefly light.
然后每隔一段时间，一天几次，一艘船会进来
And then, every so often, several times a day, a ship will come in.
像洪水灯一样进来
Comes in like a flood light.
它摧毁了鲸鱼听力的能力
It obliterates the whale’s ability to hear.
（麦克亚当斯）研究表明，北大西洋露脊鲸失去了
(McAdams) The study revealed that North Atlantic right whales lost
高达80％听到朋友和配偶歌♥声的能力
up to 80 percent of their ability to hear the songs of their friends and mates.
这些动物在非常关键的时期
That’s a really dramatic loss of space for these animals
失去了大量的空间
during really critical time periods.
它完全破坏了通信系统
It’s just ripping the communicate system apart.
它们没有得到足够食物吗？
Are they not getting enough to eat?
它们是否感到压力？
And are they stressed out?
因此你得到了与整个生殖周期
So there, you get a linkage to the whole reproductive cycle,
整个生物学的联♥系♥
to the whole biology.
整个海洋可能只剩下450只
There may be 450 of them left in the entire ocean.
那个物种现在正在为自己的生命而战
That species is fighting for its life right now.
（鲍尔科姆）我于1967年3月加入海军
(Balcomb) I joined the Navy in March, 1967.
我学会了飞行，获得了飞行员资格
I learned how to fly, got my wings.
并被派驻到一个SOUSUS站
And got stationed at a SOSUS station,
即海底声呐监听
which was sound surveillance, undersea.
操作是在海洋中使用水听器系统
The operations were that you listen to hydrophone systems
监听敌方潜艇
in the ocean for enemy submarines.
（男）SOSUS…
(Man) SOSUS…
那个名字曾经是绝密的
That name was top‐secret.
回到1991年
Now, in 1991,
苏联正在崩溃
the Soviet union was collapsing.
美国海军提供了SOSUS
And the U. S. Navy offered up Sosus.
我走进大楼
I walk in the building,
整座楼都戒备森严
High security, the whole thing.
墙上到处都是地图
And it’s like there are maps all over the walls.
到处是这种机器
There’s all this machinery.
我打个比方说…
And the way, I metaphorically speak of this…
我一直生活的世界在海洋中不过是针尖大小
The world I’ve been living in fits underneath the head of a pin in the ocean.
这个系统，有了这个哈勃望远镜
This system, this is the Hubble telescope.
我可以随时随地在海洋中听到任何声音
I can listen anywhere in the ocean I want to at any time.
有人对我说：“嘿，医生
Someone says to me, “hey, doc.
你认为你能用这个来研究鲸鱼吗？”
You think you could use this for studying whales?”
那就像“哔——”
And it was, like, “expletive deleted.”
“你TM在开玩笑吗？”
“Are you blipping kidding me?”
就在那个房♥间里
And it was in that room,
我真的把波束指向了
I literally crossed the beams
爱尔兰外海一只正在歌♥唱的蓝鲸
pointing to a blue whale singing off of Ireland.
我从弗吉尼亚州听到了它
I was listening to it from Virginia.
[鲸鱼呼唤]
[Whale calling]
（麦克亚当斯）自从生物学家被允许使用SOSUS以来
(McAdams) Since biologists have been given access to Sosus,
它已成为全球范围内听鲸鱼的最重要工具
it has become the single most important tool for listening to whales ocean‐wide.
这个监听系统还允许科学家跟踪
This listening system has also allowed scientist to track
人类产生的噪音随时间
the rise of human‐produced noise
在海洋中上升的情况
in the ocean over time.
（鲍尔科姆）大型商业航运有一种类似于远处雷暴的隆隆声
(Balcomb) Large commercial shipping has kind of a rumbling like a distant, uh, thunderstorm all the time.
当我在海军时
When I was in the Navy, that was just a fact of life
那只是60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代
in the ’60s, ’70s, ’80s, ’90s
甚至今天仍然存在的事实…
and even today as it…
海洋中的噪音环境每10年增加一倍
The noise environment in the ocean is doubling every 10 years.
[不断增长的静电]
[Growing static]
（女）声音会以不同的方式影响动物
(Woman) There’s different ways that sounds can affect animals.
我的意思是，基础环境噪音水平
I mean, there’s that underlying ambient noise level
不断上升、上升、再上升
that’s rising and rising and rising that interferes
干扰着它们的交流和移♥动♥模式
with communication and their movement patterns.
然后还有更急性、
And then there’s the more acute,
更刺♥激♥性的声音影响
kind of, traumatic impact of sound.
那会造成物理损伤
And that’s causing physical damage
或者只是一种非常强烈的行为反应
or just a really strong behavioral response.
它是战斗还是逃跑
It’s fight or flight.
基本上，我的整个职业生涯
Basically, all my professional life,
都在应对海洋哺乳动物搁浅事件
I’ve been responding to marine mammal strandings,
海豚、鲸鱼和海豹
Dolphins, whales and seals.
有时候，当我们想到大规模搁浅时
Sometimes, when we think of a mass stranding,
并不是动物把自己扔到沙滩上
it’s not much animals throwing themselves on the beach,
而是离开栖息地
but being out of habitat.
一个例子是2008年在马达加斯加
One example is in Madagascar in 2008.
当我们飞进去时
As we flew in,
进入一个非常小、非常农村化的地区
going into this very small, very rural area,
我们请求飞行员进行一次巡视
we asked the pilot if he would do a tour.
我们被告知有100到200头瓜头鲸在一个河口里
We had been told there were 100 to 200 melon‐headed whales in an estuary.
它们离开放海域65公里远
They were 65 kilometers away from the open ocean.
我想我们当时心都碎了
And I think our hearts fell
因为我们看着它
at that point because we looked at it.
说：“有很长一段路要走
And we said, “it’s a huge distance to go.”
”大多数动物都处于非常艰苦的状态
Most of the animals were in pretty tough shape.
它们看起来瘦弱、脱水
They looked thin, dehydrated.
这些动物可能在白天某个时候
These are animals that probably were stranding
搁浅过，晒伤了皮肤
at some point during the day, getting sunburned,
在红树林沼泽中被割伤和擦伤
abrasions, like, cuts and bruises from being up in the mangrove swamps.
我们像放牛一样放鲸鱼
We herd the whales just like, uh, like how we would herd cattle.
我们移♥动♥船只就像
We… we move boats the way
你骑马在牛群后面一样
you would ride a horse behind cattle.
有一头在那里
One right there.
试图慢慢地将这些动物移到开阔水域
Trying to move these animals very slowly out into open water.
随着时间的流逝
As the day would wear on,
你可以看到它们的状况在恶化
you could just see them deteriorating.
它们变得更慢
They were becoming slower, less responsive
对我们试图做的事情反应更少
to what we were trying to do.
最后，我们可能救了几头鲸鱼
In the end, we probably saved a handful of whales.
大多数都死了
Most of them died.
然后我们的工作就是进去弄清楚它们为什么在那里
And then our job was to go in and figure out why they were there.
这些动物没有生病
These animals weren’t sick.
它们没有受伤
They weren’t injured.
我们排除了我们已知的消极因素
We ruled out the things that we knew it wasn’t.
唯一剩下的确凿证据
And the only smoking gun left
就是在离岸进行的
was this oil and gas exploration work
石油和天然气勘探工作
being done offshore that coincided
与这次事件在时间和地点上重合
in time and location with this event.
（麦克亚当斯）由埃克森美孚子公♥司♥委托的勘探队
(McAdams) Prospecting teams, commissioned by an Exxonmobil subsidiary,
正在马达加斯加海岸附近寻找石油
were hunting for oil off the coast of Madagascar,
靠近河口
near the mouth of the river.