我从巴哈马群岛运了两头喙鲸和一头海豚
I transported two beaked whale heads and a dolphin from Bahamas
把它们送上去波士顿的商用航♥班♥
and got ’em over to a commercial airplane going to Boston.
将标本直接运到哈佛医学院进行CT扫描
Trucked the specimens right over to the CAT scans at Harvard medical school and,
凌晨2点
by 2 A. M.,
看到了大脑周围蛛网膜下出血和耳朵周围血液的证据
had seen the evidence of sub-arachnoid hemorrhage around the brain and blood around the ears.
它们绝对受到了影响
Uh, they were definitely, uh, impacted.
我知道那是一起人为引起的搁浅
I knew that it was a human‐caused stranding.
我非常关心
I was very concerned that, uh, we learn
我们应该认识到我们做了什么导致了这些死亡
what specifically are we doing that is causing these mortalities,
不再重蹈覆辙
and not do this again.
（麦克亚当斯）人类自从开始探索海洋以来就一直在改变海洋的声音
(McAdams) Humans have been changing the sound of the oceans since we first started exploring the seas.
但我们在海洋里的活动在过去50年里爆♥炸♥式增长
But our ocean presence has exploded over the last 5 decades.
（厄尔）这些长寿生物所经历的世界在地质尺度上发生了变化
(Earle) The world that these long‐lived creatures have experienced is changed on a geologic scale.
我们看到了一个不同的星球
We are seeing just a different planet.
（男）有些鲸鱼活到150岁到200岁
(Man) Some whales, they live to be 150 to 200 years old.
当那些鲸鱼还是青少年时
When those whales were teenagers,
世界是安静的，不是吗？
the world was quiet. Okay?
所以如果我破坏了你捕猎的能力
So if I disrupt your ability to hunt,
或者如果我破坏了雌性动物在最佳歌♥手之间做出选择的能力
or if I disrupt the ability of a female to make a choice between the best singers
因为她只能听到离她最近的那些
because she can only hear the ones that are closest to her,
那会产生什么影响呢？
what’s the impact of that?
（厄尔）在海洋中迷路对于一头年幼的鲸鱼来说一定是可怕的
(Earle) Getting lost in the ocean must be terrifying to a young whale.
找不到它的母亲，找不到它的家人
Can’t find its mother. Can’t find its family.
在这种意义上，一头迷路的鲸鱼可能就是一头死去的鲸鱼
A lost whale, in that sense, would be, likely, a dead whale.
（男）呃，我早就知道鲸鱼之歌♥了
(Man) Uh, I’ve known about whale song for a long time.
而且听过很多次
And I’ve heard it many times.
也对它们歌♥声能够传播的距离感到惊讶
And also astounded by the distance that their songs can travel,
他们有时必须进行海洋范围的交流
that they have to communicate, sometimes, ocean‐wide.
嗯，就像电♥话♥一样
Um, it’s like a telephone.
因此，合乎逻辑的是
And so it would be logical
它们的听力和它们的声音一样强大
that their hearing would be as powerful as their reach
当它们唱歌♥时
when… when they sing.
我靠音乐谋生
I make my living as a musician.
由于此原因，我曾经接触过工业级别的噪音
I’ve subjected myself to industrial levels of noise because of it.
我的听力受损了
And my hearing is impaired.
所以我越来越意识到我们所生活的声音世界
And so I’m increasingly more aware of the Sonic world we live in.
我更喜欢安静
I prefer silence.
我出生并长大在英格兰北部的一个造船厂旁边
I was born and raised, um, next to a shipyard in the North of England.
在我的街道尽头
At the end of my street are some of the biggest,
是一些地球上有史以来建造的最大的船只
um, ships ever constructed on planet Earth.
它们下水时伴随着木板破裂
They would launch them with the, uh, timbers cracking
和拖链被拉动的声音
and the drag chains being pulled.
作为一个小孩，我觉得那个声音混乱可怕
And as a small child, I found that stirring and frightening.
不，你不会想到海底发生了什么
No, you wouldn’t think about what was going on under the sea.
你只会想到那只是一种传输物品或人的方式
It was just some… A means of, you know, transporting things or transporting people,
不会想到之下是什么
rather than, uh, to go underneath it.
（女）水下噪音条件的主要变化来自商业航运
(Woman) The dominant change in the conditions of underwater noise has been from commercial shipping.
所以，轮船是我们在这个星球上真正运输货物的方式
So, ships are the way we really move goods on this planet.
我们使用船只
We move over 98 percent of the stuff
将超过98％的东西从A点运到B点
we need to get from point A to point B using ships.
（麦克亚当斯）在任何时候
(McAdams) At any given time,
估计有60,000艘商业船只
there are an estimated 60,000 commercial chips
正在穿越世界各地的海洋
traversing the world’s oceans.
（男）它们巨大无比，它们就像水上城市
(Man) They’re enormous. They’re like cities on water
但人口要少得多
with far fewer people.
所有这些船只的声音
And the sound of all of those ships,
全部进入水中
all in the water at once,
已经真正地填满了我们的海洋…
has literally filled our oceans with…
用噪音
With noise.
（男）关于海洋中的噪音
(Man) One of the things about noise in the ocean
人类根本不知道
is that humans are not aware of it at all.
这是一种眼不见心不烦的事情
It’s one of these out of sight, out of mind kind of things.
实际上，在某种意义上
It really is, in a… In a sense, a cacophony of sound
这是一种围绕着鲸鱼的嘈杂声
that surrounds the whales at this point.
（麦克亚当斯）保罗·斯邦是 Orcalab的副主任
(McAdams) Paul Spong is the Co‐Director of Orcalab,
一个位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省汉森岛的鲸鱼研究站
a Whale‐research Station on Hanson Island off British Columbia, Canada.
他和他的团队使用水听器记录并研究
He and his team use hydrophones to record and study the sounds of orca pods
太平洋西北部虎鲸群体的声音
in the Pacific Northwest.
（斯邦）关心鲸鱼有很多原因
(Spong) There are a host of reasons for caring about whales.
当然有它们的美丽和生活方式
Certainly the beauty and their lifestyle.
以虎鲸为例
With orcas, you have, for example,
地球上最强大的生物过着完全和平的生活
the most powerful creature on the planet living an utterly peaceful life.
这令人印象深刻
That’s impressive.
每个家族群体
Each of the family groups has, uh,
都有自己特殊的方言
their own special dialect
我们听到了
that we listen to.
所以我们可以从…
So we can understand a lot about who’s there just from…
仅仅从它们发出的声音中
Just from the sounds that they make.
我们就知道是谁在那里
We know when they’re hunting. We know when they’re resting.
它们什么时候捕猎，什么时候休息
We know when they’re socializing.
什么时候社交
We know when they’re having a great time together
什么时候在按♥摩♥海滩下一起度过愉快时光
down at the Rubbing Beaches
因为我们一直在听着
’cause we’re listening all the time.
游轮、货轮是它们历史上非常近期的现象
Cruise ships, the freighters are very recent phenomena in their history.
现在，声音几乎无时无刻不围绕着它们
Now, sound is everywhere around them, much of the time.
当一艘游轮驶来时
When a cruise ship comes along.
而且游轮会绕过拐角进入鲸鱼的声场…
And a cruise ship kinda comes around the corner into the acoustic field of that… of the whales.
你可以听到发生了什么事情
You can hear what happens.
这是一群G氏族鲸
This is a group of G clan whales.
[鲸鱼呼唤、咔哒]
[Whales calling, clicking]
[嗡嗡声]
[Droning]
无论如何，鲸鱼正在呼唤着
Anyway, the whales, uh, are calling away.
然后它们试图继续呼唤一会儿
And they, uh, uh, try to continue it for a little while.
然后完全被淹没了
Then they get totally drowned out.
噪音干扰了捕猎
Noise interferes with hunting,
干扰了鲸鱼寻找鱼类的能力
with a whale’s ability to find fish.
好吧，如果你减少了鲸鱼能够获得的食物量
Well, if you reduce the amount of food that whales can get,
那么你就直接影响了它们的健康、生活
then you’re directly impacting their well‐being, their lives.
（女）我想当你听水听器时
(Woman) I think when you listen to the hydrophones,
很难想象那种噪音不会对鲸鱼产生影响
it’s hard to think that that noise does not have an impact on the whales.
我的意思是，有时候…戴着耳机
I mean, sometimes, it… Listening on the headphones
听10分钟就会头痛
gives you a headache within 10 minutes.
你必须摘下耳机
You have to take the headphones off.
你必须把音量调小
You have to turn the volume down.
我就想到
And I just think,
“那些鲸鱼，它们不能把音量调小，”
you know, “the whales, they can’t turn the volume down.”
[噪音]
[Cacophony]
（男）几年前，我在德国汉堡
(Man) Several years ago, I was at a meeting
参加了一个关于船舶噪音的会议
about ship noise in Hamburg, Germany.
我们下去看了一些最新最大的集装箱船
And we went down and saw some of the newest and largest container ships.
它们非常引人注目
And they’re striking.
它们基本上是摩天大楼横着放
They’re basically skyscrapers turned sideways
后面装上巨大的发动机
with giant engines put on the back of ’em.
一些声音可能是通过船体传输的引擎声
Some of the sound may come from the engines that’s transmitted through the hull.
但大部分声音在螺旋桨附近产生
But the majority of it comes from what is happening right at the propeller.
[气泡爆裂声]
[Bubbles bursting loudly]
（麦克亚当斯）这叫空化
(McAdams) It’s called cavitation.
这是当螺旋桨叶片产生的气泡在水下坍塌和爆裂时发生的
That’s when the bubbles created by the blades of the propeller collapse and burst underwater.
不是单个气泡的坍塌
It’s not so much the collapse of an individual bubble.
而是所有气泡一起产生非常响亮的嘶嘶声
It’s all of them, eh, at once creating a very loud hiss.
船舶发动机也会产生噪音
The ship’s engines generate noise as well.
基本上，历史上船舶发动机的建造方式
Basically, the way ship engines are historically built
就是将它们固定在框架上
is you bolt ’em to the frame.
然后它振动框架
And then it vibrates the frame and makes that sound transmit
并使声音通过所有钢或船体传播到水中
through all the steel or the hull and out into the water.
（男）在过去60年里
(Man) Over the last 60 years,
地球表面上移♥动♥的船只数量急剧增加
the number of ships moving over the global surface of the world has increased dramatically.
你可以看看曲线
You can look at the curves.
不断上升，上升，上升，再上升
And it’s just going up and up and up and up.
它就像一条高速公路
It really is just like a highway,