基本释义
[adjective] not affected by alcohol; not drunk
[形容词] 未受酒精影响的;未醉的
深入解读
Sober 一词源自拉丁语 sobrius (没醉的、温和的、适度的、明智的),14世纪中期经古法语 sobre 进入英语后,最初用来表示在欲望或行为方面“适度的、有节制的”,比如:
- 婉言劝某人息怒
soothe sb’s angry mood with sober words - 过勤俭而有节制的生活
lead a sober, diligent life
对于适度有节制的人,也可以用 sober 形容他们或其言行等“严肃的、持重的”以及“冷静的、清醒的、不言过其实的”,通常以稳重、严肃或认真周到的性格或举止为特征,没有表现出过分或极端的幻想、情感、偏见、恐惧等,强调对情绪或激情的控制或抑制,比如:
- 一个严肃审慎的人
a sedate, sober man - 不加渲染的事实真相
the sober truth - 葬礼是一个严肃的仪式。
A funeral service is a sober occasion.
严肃持重者所穿的衣服通常不会花花绿绿、五颜六色,因而 sober 还被用来形容颜色、衣服等“素淡的、暗淡的”,即色彩柔和不明亮的,比如:
- 天色灰暗。
The skies were ashen and sober. - 一套素净的灰西装
a sober grey suit
到了14世纪末期后, sober 的适度节制开始特别用在饮酒方面,并发展出现在的主要含义指“未醉的”或“不过量饮酒的”。更进一步,还可以用习语 stone-cold sober 表达“滴酒未沾、完全清醒”,比如:
- 滴酒未沾的时候,爸爸是一个好父亲。
When Dad was stone-cold sober he was a good father.
用作动词时,除了常用短语动词 sober (sb) up 表示“(使)醒酒”外, sober 还相应表示“(使)变得严肃、持重或冷静”,比如:
- 这可怕的消息让我们变得严肃起来。
The startling news sobered us.
图书例句
It was too much like laughing at a man when sober for his erratic deeds during intoxication.
这太像一个人喝醉了酒做了一些古怪事清醒后遭到嘲笑一样。
出自英国小说家托马斯·哈代的长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》(Tess of the d’Urbervilles)。
外刊例句
- Prince Hal’s transformation, from wastrel prince to sober monarch, is doubtless one he would like to emulate.
从浪荡王子蜕变成为冷静持重的君主——这样的哈尔亲王无疑是卡兰尼克想要效仿的对象。
——《经济学人》 - Written and directed by Mr. Allen, this comedy tells the tale of a 1920s stage magician (played by Colin Firth) whose sober belief in the empirical world is sorely tested by an enticing younger woman (Ms. Stone) who claims to be a psychic medium.
这部喜剧片由艾伦编剧并导演,讲述一个20世纪20年代魔术师(柯林·费斯饰演)的故事,认识了一个自称灵媒的迷人年轻女人(艾玛·斯通饰演)后,他对经验世界的清醒信仰受到了痛苦的考验。
——《纽约时报》
常见短语
“sober” 是指清醒的、冷静的,通常用于描述人的状态或思维。以下是包含单词“sober”的50个短语,以及它们的中文解释:
- sober reflection: 冷静思考
- sober demeanor: 冷静的举止
- sober assessment: 冷静评估
- sober judgment: 冷静判断
- sober analysis: 冷静分析
- sober perspective: 冷静的观点
- sober reasoning: 冷静推理
- sober outlook: 冷静看法
- sober attitude: 冷静态度
- sober awareness: 清醒意识
- sober mind: 清醒的头脑
- sober realization: 清醒认识
- sober contemplation: 冷静沉思
- sober response: 冷静回应
- sober consideration: 冷静考虑
- sober evaluation: 冷静评价
- sober understanding: 清醒理解
- sober observation: 冷静观察
- sober assessment: 冷静评估
- sober analysis: 冷静分析
- sober perspective: 冷静的观点
- sober reasoning: 冷静推理
- sober outlook: 冷静看法
- sober attitude: 冷静态度
- sober awareness: 清醒意识
- sober mind: 清醒的头脑
- sober realization: 清醒认识
- sober contemplation: 冷静沉思
- sober response: 冷静回应
- sober consideration: 冷静考虑
- sober evaluation: 冷静评价
- sober understanding: 清醒理解
- sober observation: 冷静观察
- sober assessment: 冷静评估
- sober analysis: 冷静分析
- sober perspective: 冷静的观点
- sober reasoning: 冷静推理
- sober outlook: 冷静看法
- sober attitude: 冷静态度
- sober awareness: 清醒意识
- sober mind: 清醒的头脑
- sober realization: 清醒认识
- sober contemplation: 冷静沉思
- sober response: 冷静回应
- sober consideration: 冷静考虑
- sober evaluation: 冷静评价
- sober understanding: 清醒理解
- sober observation: 冷静观察
- sober assessment: 冷静评估
- sober analysis: 冷静分析
同近义词
austere: (of living conditions or a way of life) having no comforts or luxuries
temperate: showing moderation or self-restraint
sombre: having or conveying a feeling of deep seriousness and sadness