shatter

基本释义

[verb] break or cause to break suddenly and violently into pieces
[动词] (使)突然猛烈地打碎

深入解读

Shatter 是一个与常见单词 scatter (撒、分散、散开、四散)既形似又含义有所关联的单词,两者都可能源自于最初可能是拟声而来的中古英语 schateren 。其中, shatter 主要用来表示“(使)破碎、碎裂”,常用搭配 shatter sth into sth ,主要指(使)物体突然猛烈地分裂成许多小碎片并四处散布,强调最终结果是造成物体的彻底破坏,比如:

  • 那个脾气暴躁的老妇人拿着一个大花瓶向我挥来,于是我就跑出了房间。然后她失手把花瓶掉到地板上摔碎了。
    The grumpy old woman brandished a large vase at me so I ran out of the room. Then she dropped the vase and it shattered into pieces on the floor.

除了使实物破碎以外, shatter 也可以用来引申指使感情、希望、信念、计划、名誉等抽象事物“粉碎、破灭、破坏、损害”,也是常用搭配 shatter sth into sth ,同样强调造成事物的彻底破坏,比如:

  • 一次失败会使很多人希望破灭。但她的信心从未减弱。
    A failure would shatter the hopes of many people. But her confidence has never flagged.

从这个概念出发, shatter 再可以进一步用来表示“使非常惊愕难过、给予极大打击”,比如:

  • 选民普遍的态度冷淡给他们带来沉重的打击。
    The widespread apathy among the electorate shattered them.

若是出现在口语中时, shatter 则可以指“使极度疲劳、使非常虚弱”,好比中文里说人累散架了那般,比如:

  • 那个犟孩子筋疲力尽,累得都无法集中注意力做作业。
    The restive child was shattered and too tired to concentrate on schoolwork.

此外, shatter 还可以用来表示“啪嗒啪嗒地响”以及叶、花瓣、果实“脱落”,比如:

  • 雨啪嗒啪嗒地打在崭新的窗玻璃上。
    The rain shattered at the pristine windowpane.
  • 田里黑麦落粒了。
    The rye shattered in the fields.

而用作名词时, shatter 除了表示“破碎、碎裂”这个动作以及过早“落花、落叶、落粒”外,常作复数 shatters 表示“碎片、裂片”,比如:

  • 一个大浪把一艘装备还算完善的船冲到礁石上撞得粉碎。
    A sea dashed a tolerably snug ship into shatters against the rock.

好书例句

Harry remained quite still for a moment, then hurled the mirror back into the trunk where it shattered.
哈利愣了一会儿,接着猛地把镜子扔进了箱子,镜子碎了。

出自英国作家J·K·罗琳的奇幻小说《哈利·波特》系列的第五本《哈利·波特与凤凰社》(Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix)。

外刊例句

  • The second is the way PDD has shattered the myth of an impregnable fortress surrounding the titans of online shopping.
    其二是拼多多如何粉碎了网购巨头的堡垒坚不可摧的错误认知。
    ——《经济学人》
  • What it did shatter was the myth that a triumphant United States could bend the world to its will.
    如果说它粉碎了什么,那就是一个耀武扬威的美国可以令世界屈从的神话。
    ——《纽约时报》

详细用法

动词 “shatter” 的用法:

  1. Shatter a glass – 打碎玻璃
    • The plate slipped from her hands and shattered into pieces on the floor.(盘子从她手中滑落,在地板上碎成了碎片。)
  2. Shatter someone’s dreams – 打破某人的梦想
    • The rejection letter shattered his dreams of becoming an actor.(拒绝信打破了他成为演员的梦想。)
  3. Shatter expectations – 打破期望
    • The movie’s twist ending shattered all expectations.(电影意想不到的结尾打破了所有的期望。)
  4. Shatter a mirror – 打碎镜子
    • It’s said that breaking a mirror will bring seven years of bad luck.(据说打破镜子会带来七年的厄运。)
  5. Shatter the silence – 打破寂静
    • The sound of the explosion shattered the silence of the night.(爆炸声打破了夜晚的寂静。)
  6. Shatter the illusion – 打破幻觉
    • Meeting his idol in person shattered the illusion that fame brings happiness.(亲自见到偶像打破了名声带来幸福的幻觉。)
  7. Shatter the peace – 打破和平
    • The outbreak of war shattered the peace in the region.(战争的爆发打破了该地区的和平。)
  8. Shatter a record – 打破记录
    • The athlete’s incredible performance shattered the previous world record.(这位运动员出色的表现打破了先前的世界纪录。)
  9. Shatter the confidence – 打击信心
    • The negative feedback shattered her confidence in her artistic abilities.(负面反馈打击了她对自己艺术才能的信心。)
  10. Shatter the image – 毁掉形象
    • The scandal surrounding the politician shattered his carefully crafted image.(围绕这位政治家的丑闻毁掉了他精心打造的形象。)

常见短语

与 “shatter” 相关的短语:

  1. Shatter a glass – 打碎玻璃
  2. Shatter someone’s dreams – 打破某人的梦想
  3. Shatter expectations – 打破期望
  4. Shatter a mirror – 打碎镜子
  5. Shatter the silence – 打破寂静
  6. Shatter the illusion – 打破幻觉
  7. Shatter the peace – 打破和平
  8. Shatter a record – 打破记录
  9. Shatter the confidence – 打击信心
  10. Shatter the image – 毁掉形象
  11. Shatter the hope – 打破希望
  12. Shatter the glass ceiling – 打破玻璃天花板
  13. Shatter the stereotype – 打破刻板印象
  14. Shatter the unity – 破坏团结
  15. Shatter the illusion of safety – 打破安全的幻觉
  16. Shatter a bone – 骨折
  17. Shatter the status quo – 打破现状
  18. Shatter a vase – 打破花瓶
  19. Shatter the resistance – 打破抵抗
  20. Shatter someone’s confidence – 打击某人的信心
  21. Shatter the tranquility – 破坏宁静
  22. Shatter the harmony – 破坏和谐
  23. Shatter a relationship – 破裂关系
  24. Shatter a car window – 打碎汽车窗户
  25. Shatter a dream – 打碎一个梦想
  26. Shatter the glass ceiling – 打破职业上的性别障碍
  27. Shatter someone’s confidence – 打击某人的信心
  28. Shatter someone’s world – 打破某人的世界
  29. Shatter the illusion of perfection – 打破完美的幻觉
  30. Shatter the silence with a loud noise – 用巨响打破寂静

同近义词

fracture: break or cause to break
smash: violently break (something) into pieces
burst: (of a container) break suddenly and violently apart, spilling

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