我们可以从它们身上学到很多东西
and that we can learn a lot from them.
我们得给它起个名字
We got to give her a name.
布赖恩给它取名叫“希望”
Brian names her Hope. . .
取这个名字是有原因的
and for good reason.
在过去15年中
In the past 15 years,
这个家族只有一头雌鲸存活到成年
this family had only one female survive to maturity.
即便是那头活下来的也吃尽了苦头
And even that calf suffered terribly.
“希望”的表姐 被渔具缠住 受了重伤
Hope’s cousin was seriously injured by an entanglement in fishing gear.
抹香鲸群落是以雌鲸为基础的
Sperm whale society is based around females.
如果“希望”不能成功活下去 我们可能失去这个家族
If Hope doesn’t make it, we may lose her family.
已经到了刻不容缓的时候
And at a crucial time.
海洋垃圾威胁着它的整个种群
Marine debris threatens her entire clan. . .
这个种群由20个家庭组成
about 20 families.
到2030年 我们可能会失去所有这些家庭
By 2030, we could see all of these families gone.
当一个生态系统中失去鲸鱼后 会产生一系列连锁反应
When you remove whales out of an ecosystem there’s a whole chain reaction.
那样我们将无法获知它们的智慧 即它们如何生活
You lose all of the wisdom of how they lived there
如何在那片海洋中存活
and how they survived in that part of the ocean.
我们可能就此失去加勒比鲸群文化
We could lose the Caribbean culture.
鲸鱼拥有独特的文化 这是一个大胆的新概念
Whales having unique cultures is a bold new concept. . .
但也是不可否认的事实
but undeniable.
每个种群由100或200头鲸鱼组成
Each clan has one or two hundred animals,
它们拥有自己的语言 自己的生活方式
has its own language, its own way of life.
行为是行为内容 文化则是行为方式
Behavior is what you do, but culture is how you do it.
这就好比有的人类用叉子吃饭 有的用筷子
And just like some humans eat with forks and other humans eat with chopsticks,
世界各地不同的抹香鲸种群 也有不同的做事方式
sperm whale clans from around the world do things differently.
这不是因为它们属于不同的物种
And that’s not because they’re different species. . .
而是它们学习如何生活的方式不一样
but how they’ve learned to live is different.
如果“希望”能平安活到明年
If Hope can make it through the next year,
它成年的机会便会大大增加
her chances of reaching adulthood dramatically increase.
它的家族也就有可能延续下去
Her family may prevail.
现在 布赖恩和谢恩出发去寻找 不同的鲸鱼种群
Now, Brian and Shane head out to search for different whale clans. . .
进而探索如果整个鲸鱼文化消失 我们会失去什么
to discover what we would lose if an entire whale culture disappears.
亚速尔群岛
经过亚速尔群岛九个岛屿的抹香鲸 才是真正的游民
Sperm whales that pass by the nine islands of the Azores are true nomads.
它们不停地在北美洲和欧洲之间游弋
In between North America and Europe, they keep on the move.
跟多米尼克的鲸群相比 这个文化群体堪称超大规模
Compared to Dominica, this cultural group is supersized.
世界第三大
Up to a third bigger.
与“希望”的家族全部是雌鲸不同
And where Hope’s family was made up of females,
这个种群全部是雄鲸
this gathering is all male.
这些幼鲸成长在 由强悍的雌鲸领导的家族中
These younger teenagers grew up in a family led by strong females
这些雌鲸在30岁左右成熟
who matured around 30 years old.
但雄鲸要到50岁才成熟
But males don’t mature until 50.
这可能是它们首次 跟雄性长辈一起出去觅食
This may be their first time hanging out with a big male.
现在 大家伙要向它们展示 如何用庞大身躯去捕猎大王乌贼
Now, Mr. Big is about to show them how he uses size to hunt giant squid.
抹香鲸头骨中 藏着全世界最大的生物声呐系统
Sperm whale skulls hold the world’s largest bio-sonar.
就像捕食中的蝙蝠 它们会发出一系列咔哒声
Like bats on the hunt, they send out a series of clicks
然后通过传回的声音 来锁定猎物的位置
and listen back to locate prey.
这跟对话时发出的声音不一样
These are different than conversational clicks.
高达230分贝
And up to 230 decibels.
这样的强度足以震裂人类的耳膜
That’s intense enough to rupture a human eardrum.
在900多米的深海里 这种压力就像身体的每一寸
Down at 3, 000 feet, the pressure is like having half a ton of weight
都承担着半吨♥的重量
pressing on every square inch of your body.
这一惊人的努力换来的奖品 就是这种著名的大王乌贼
The prize for this incredible effort is the famed giant squid.
今天 鲸鱼们留下些残羹剩饭
Today, the whales share their scraps.
好 捞到了
Yeah, got it.
很重
Whoa. It’s heavy as. . .
谢恩·杰罗博士 和摄影师布赖恩·斯克里
Dr. Shane Gero and photographer Brian Skerry. . .
-好像一大碗果冻 很幸运能找到这些“剩饭”
It’s a big bowl of jelly. . . . are lucky to find some leftovers.
它们很有可能是快速冲过去 随便抓到什么碎片
It’s likely they just fly through and catch whatever piece they can.
-对 这样就会有些支离破碎的部分
-Right. And then that means there’s scraps
被剩下
left behind.
很容易让人忘记它们是捕猎者 对吧？因为它们…
It’s easy to forget that they’re predators, right? Because they. . .
-没错 我们在海面上看到的
-Exactly. . . . what we see at the surface
大多是它们在社交和休息的时候
is mostly them socializing or resting.
但当它们从我们的视线中消失 潜入深海后
But when they go down, when they disappear from where we can see. . .
-对 那才是它们的重点
-Yeah. . . . that’s what they’re doing,
这就是一点证据
and this is a bit of evidence of that.
捕猎开始了
The hunt is on.
在抹香鲸捕食的地方 看到这样的“剩饭”并不稀奇
It’s not uncommon to see such scraps where sperm whales hunt. . .
但随着这些鲸鱼继续潜入深海觅食…
but as the whales continue to forage deep. . .
现在出去吧
Get out now.
布赖恩发现了更不可思议的东西
. . . Brian finds something even more incredible.
我看到两只鸟飞落在一样东西上
I could see a couple of birds landing on what I thought was
我还以为是浮木
a piece of driftwood.
结果证实那是一只乌贼
Turns out it’s a squid.
那是著名的大王乌贼
It’s the famed giant squid. . .
非常罕见
rarely seen.
在拍摄鲸鱼的过程中
It’s the best, most intact specimen that I have seen, you know,
我见过不少乌贼 但这只是最完整的
during this kind of whale work.
哇！太棒了
Wow! That is awesome.
让人难以置信 我从来没见过这么大的乌贼
It’s pretty unbelievable. I’ve never been beside a squid this large.
有一处被抹香鲸的牙齿刺穿的 圆形伤疤 很神奇
You have this amazing, circular scar of a sperm whale tooth having punctured it
这可能也是我们能够打捞到它的原因
and that may be why we were able to recover this
它被抹香鲸叼在嘴里返回海面
is that it came back to the surface with it stuck in its mouth.
我们对火星地形的了解都要甚过深海
We have better maps of Mars than we do of the deep ocean
但抹香鲸每小时就要潜下去45分钟
but sperm whales are going down there every hour for 45 minutes
去寻找这些神奇的动物
and finding these amazing animals
我们甚至很难拍到它们的一张照片
when it’s hard for us to even get a picture of one.
乌贼像鸟类一样有喙
Squids have beaks like birds.
乌贼个头越大 喙就越大
And the bigger the squid, the bigger the beak.
真的很重
It’s really heavy.
多米尼克的抹香鲸吃的乌贼就很小
The squid they eat in Dominica are quite small.
我们抓到的喙也很小
The beaks we’re catching are very little.
这种就超大！
These are huge!
跟我对比 你们就能看出它有多大了
You can see how big it is compared to me.
这说明不仅是这里的抹香鲸与众不同
It’s a sign that not only are the sperm whales different here,
它们吃的食物也大不相同
but what they are eating is dramatically different
因此 它们捕食的方式也会很不一样
and so probably, the way they catch it would probably be quite different as well.
亚速尔群岛的抹香鲸说话的方式 可能也是独一无二的
How the sperm whales of the Azores speak may also be unique.
有很多密♥码♥曲
There’s lots of codas.
谢恩利用船上的水中听音器
Shane uses the ship’s hydrophone
第一次收听这些游牧家族的声音
to tune into these nomadic families for the first time.
听听看
Have a listen.
-他听到了一种完全不同的语言 哇
He hears an entirely different language. Wow.
多米尼克的节奏是一加一加三
The rhythm in Dominica is one plus one plus three.
-对 这里的是它们还是用五次嗒哒
-Right. And here they’re still using five clicks
但有规律的间隔
but they’re all regular spaced, you know, it’s. . .
这里的节奏更缓慢 更从容
They’re much more slower and deliberate here.
这些“游牧民”用来表明自己身份的 一系列咔哒声
The series of clicks these nomads use to identify themselves
只是它们其中一种密♥码♥曲
is just one of their codas.
抹香鲸用数十种其他密♥码♥曲来聊天
Sperm whales use dozens of other codas to chat.
英语里只用26个字母就能写出整本书
We can write entire books using only 26 letters.
抹香鲸至少有24种不同的密♥码♥曲类型
Sperm whales have at least 24 different coda types.
所以它们可能对彼此说的话 是无限的
So, it’s really limitless what they might be saying to each other.
这些抹香鲸完全不同于 多米尼克“希望”的种群
These whales are entirely different to Hope’s clan in Dominica.
其他地方可能会有更多的文化群落
And there may be even more cultural clans elsewhere.
为了寻找答案 谢恩和布赖恩 还有最有一站要去
To find out, Shane and Brian have one last stop
那里是地球上最大的
to check out one of the largest aggregations of sperm whales
抹香鲸聚集地之一
on the planet.
斯里兰卡
斯里兰卡海岸有数百头抹香鲸
Off the coast of Sri Lanka, hundreds of sperm whales,
有些鲸群有40头之多
some groups 40 strong.
这种规模浩大的聚集 是科学界的新发现
These enormous aggregations are new to science.
我们不清楚这些鲸鱼为何这样聚集 也不知道它们多久聚一次
We don’t know why these whales gather like this or even how often.
这是本地科学家
It’s a mystery local scientist
也是《国家地理》的探险家 阿沙·德沃斯想要揭开的谜题
and National Geographic explorer Asha Devos wants to solve.
多米尼克等地已证明 抹香鲸有自己的文化
It’s been shown in places like Dominica that the sperm whales have culture there
这是我们有兴趣在斯里兰卡
and that’s something we’re interested to unravel a bit more
进一步解开的谜团
out here in Sri Lanka.
谢恩和阿沙一起去探索这些鲸鱼 与多米尼克的“希望”种群如何不同
Shane joins Asha to see how these whales may differ from Hope’s group in Dominica.
环境对这些鲸鱼有非常大的影响
The environment has such a strong influence on the animals
© 2014-2024 pabulika.com 版权所有
