狗的秘密生活

对奶水的兴趣转向了对水的首次试探
Milk is replaced with a first tentative interest in water.
狗的舌尖有专门辨别水的味蕾
The tip of a dog’s tongue has tastebuds just for water.
这些味蕾激发饮水的欲望 这很重要
They create a desire to drink, which is important,
因为它们天生吃肉 含盐量很高
as their natural diet of meat is high in salt.
即便是简单的饮水动作
But even the simple act of drinking
也比看上去复杂得多
is more complicated than it looks.
狗卷起舌头伸入水中
Dogs curve their tongue into the water
增大与水的接触面♥积♥ 让水留在舌头上
to create a large surface area to stick the water to.
再把舌头收回口中
They pull it up into their mouth,
在水流光前迅速闭上嘴
snapping it shut before all the water escapes.
这样异常复杂且美丽的过程
It’s a surprisingly complex and beautiful process
完成的却是如此简单的日常需求
for such a simple daily requirement.
这也是狗喝水时总弄得一团糟的原因
And it’s also why dogs make such a mess when they’re drinking.
幼犬睡觉的时间比醒着的时候多得多
Puppies sleep far more than they are awake,
就像人类的婴儿一样
just like human babies.
被无数新鲜的经历折腾得筋疲力尽后
Exhausted from a world of new experiences,
它们沉沉入睡
they fall into a deep slumber.
貌似它们正梦见自己在追兔子
It looks like they’re dreaming about chasing rabbits.
但这是否只是人类一厢情愿呢
But is that just our human sentiments getting in the way?
狗确实会做梦
Dogs do dream
通过监测它们的脑电波
and by monitoring their brain waves,
科学家发现小狗做梦远多于成年狗
scientists have found out that puppies dream far more than adult dogs.
甚至能判断出它们根据自己的记忆
They can even tell that dogs dream about the day’s events,
梦到了白天发生的事
processing their memories.
看来今天真是忙坏了
Looks like it’s been quite a busy day.
但以后会怎么样呢
But what will the future hold?
两周后 我们的小狗来到了一家
A fortnight later and our puppy’s arrived
世界上最先进的专业犬类中心
at one of the world’s most high-tech specialist dog centres.
来测试她是否有潜质
She’s here to find out if she has what it takes
成为全国需求量最大的狗
to make it as one of the most sought-after dogs in the country.
我们正在揭秘狗的生活
We’re revealing the secret life of dogs.
我们的小狗七周大了 这年龄正适合
Now seven weeks old, our puppy is at the perfect age
评估她是否有潜力
to assess whether she has the qualities
成为一只最训练有素的工作犬
to be one of the most highly-trained working dogs.
她是否健康 聪慧
Is she fit, healthy, intelligent,
尤其是 是否具有成为导盲犬的资质
and above all the right character to be a guide dog for the blind?
第一项测试是观察她在面对
The first test is to see how she’ll respond
有些吓人的陌生声音时会如何反应
to an unfamiliar, slightly scary sound.
她应当有所反应 但不能惊慌失措
She should react but not panic.
做得真棒
Very good.
很认真地坐在那看着
Sat and watched that really intently.
最重要的品质是忠诚
The most crucial trait is loyalty,
随时随地都要关注她的主人
looking to her owner at all times and in all situations.
小狗狗
Puppy!
小狗狗 过来
Puppy, come on.
没错 做的真棒
There we are. That’s really good.
看来 她拥有所需品质
And it seems like she’s got what it takes.
你可能在想
You might wonder
你的狗是否也有成为导盲犬的潜质
if your dog could qualify to be a guide dog.
可以从观察中得到答案
You can get an idea by observing them.
研究表明 狗分左撇子和右撇子
Research has shown that dogs are left- or right-pawed.
你是左撇子吗 马克斯
Are you a left-footer, Max? Eh?
你是左撇子吗 不是吗
Is you a left-footer? No?
想要确定 可以通过仔细观察
You can test this by watching closely
它们用哪只爪迈出第一步
to see which paw they step off with.
我觉得是右爪先迈的
I think that was a right foot start.
过来 她是左撇子 不是吗
Here. Yeah, she’s left-footed, isn’t she?
你是左撇子哟
You’re left-handed.
好了 走吧
OK, let’s go.
我想刚才的无差测试已经证明
I think we’ve proven there, in that unbiased test,
它先迈的是右爪
that it was his right foot that came forward.
初步研究表明 根据统计
Preliminary research has shown that right-pawed dogs
右撇子狗更有可能通过导盲犬测试
are statistically more likely to pass their guide dog test.
让你领着的话 会被车子撞的吧
You’d get them run over by the bus, you would, wouldn’t you?
还有一个线索能判断狗狗通过测试的几率
There’s another clue to the chances of them passing
那就是它们毛发的旋
in the swirls of hair on your dog.
完全取决于毛发往哪边螺旋
And it all depends which way they turn.
顺时针
Clockwise.
逆时针
Anti-clockwise.
如果你的狗是右撇子 且旋的方向是逆时针
If your dog is right-pawed and the swirl goes anti-clockwise,
那你的狗多半温顺自信 自我认同度高
then your dog is more likely to be calm, confident and self-assured
完全符合导盲犬的品质需要
exactly the traits that a guide dog needs.
你想成为导盲犬吗
Do you want to be a guide dog?
你只能成为被导的盲犬吧
You could be a blind dog for the Guides.
如果你的狗是左撇子
And if your dog is left-pawed,
准备接受它们解决你烦恼的奇思妙想吧
be prepared for some creative solutions to your problems.
再来看我们的小狗
Back with our puppy,
她刚加入了一群导盲犬培养对象
and she’s joined a group of other potential guide dogs.
果不其然 她也是右撇子
And what do you know? She’s also right-pawed.
它们还要接受一年的训练
There’s still a year of training to complete,
但眼下还可以开心地玩耍
but for now she can have fun.
几千年来 我们训练狗来协助我们
We’ve trained dogs for thousands of years to work with us,
充分利用了它们难以置信的体能
harnessing their incredible physical abilities.
哈士奇是其中的佼佼者
And the husky is one of the best there is.
它们是出类拔萃的运动员
They’re superb athletes.
能在零下的温度每天奔跑超过一百六十公里
Able to run for over 100 miles a day in sub-zero temperatures.
它们也喜欢这样
And they love it.
它们的皮毛是厚厚的两层
They have a coat of fur two layers thick
足以抵御寒冷
that insulates them from the cold.
即使是零下六十摄氏度 它们也不会冻伤
Even at -60, they won’t get frostbite.
需要散热时 它们和所有狗一样喘气
And when they need to cool down, like all dogs, they pant.
通过热成像仪观察这些哈士奇
By looking at these huskies with a thermal camera,
可以看出它们的嘴和舌头是白色的
we can see that their mouths and tongues are white
这是它们在驱散体内的热量
with the heat that they’re expelling from their body core.
这意味着如果你的狗在奔跑后喘气
And it means that when your dog is panting after a run,
她并不是气喘吁吁 只是在散热
she’s not puffed out, she’s just cooling down.
这是狗散热的主要方法
It’s a dog’s main method of losing heat.
它们全身覆盖皮毛
As they’re covered in fur,
唯一能出汗的地方就是它们的爪子
the only place they can really sweat is through their paws.
长久以来 狗都是我们的好帮手
Dogs have been our working companions for as long as we can remember.
我们利用巴吉度猎犬的鼻子来寻找猎物
We’ve used the Basset Hound’s nose to sniff out prey;
利用罗威纳犬的力量来保卫家园
the Rottweiler’s strength for guarding our homes;
利用阿富汗猎犬的视力和速度来追捕
the Afghan’s sight and speed to give chase;
并利用哈士奇在恶劣环境中的忍♥耐力
and the Husky’s endurance in extreme environments.
但从一开始
But from the very beginning,
我们也选择了可爱 能给我们慰藉的狗
we’ve also chosen dogs that are cute and give us comfort.
不管它们体型如何
And no matter what the size,
狗都在我们心中留有一席之地
dogs have worked their way into our hearts.
这是一种强烈的情感纽带
It’s a strong emotional bond.
我们成长迅速的小狗才刚刚接触这一情感
And one that our rapidly growing puppy is just beginning to discover.
现在九周大的她踏进了新家
Now nine weeks old, she’s taking her first steps into her new home
准备开始一段十分特别的新关系
and a very special new relationship.
在她准备好成为导盲犬之前
This is the family who will raise her
这个家庭将抚养她
until she’s ready to be a guide dog.
在这里 她将学会与人类共同生活
It’s here that she’ll learn to live with people.
现在也最适合进行这一转变
And it’s the perfect time for this transition.
在一生的这个关键阶段
At this key stage in their life,
小狗其实更愿享受人类的陪伴 而非其他狗
puppies actually prefer to go to human companions than other dogs.
当一只幼犬用它的大眼睛
When a puppy holds our gaze
和婴儿般的举动吸引到我们的目光
with its big eyes and infant-like features,
我们大脑的反应仿佛看到了人类的婴儿
it causes our brain to react as though we’re looking at a human baby.
但你好奇过它们在想什么吗
But have you ever wondered what they’re thinking?
有时候狗狗看着我们 眼神洞悉一切
Sometimes dogs look at us with such knowing eyes,
但它们真的知道我们的感觉吗
but do they really know how we feel?
它们能揣摩你当时的情绪
They can read what sort of mood you’re in.
你每天的心情它们也能理解
They’re somebody who can understand how you’re feeling in a day,
知道你是不是心烦意乱
whether you’re feeling upset.
它们知道我什么时候心痛 什么时候忧伤
They know when I’m hurting, they know when I’m sad, and…
我百分百相信它们能理解我
Yeah, 100% I think they understand me.
狗狗看着我们 仿佛知道发生了什么
Dogs definitely look at us like they know what’s up.