狗的秘密生活

它们的嗅觉强大
It’s so powerful,
甚至能嗅出许久之前的事
they can smell well into the distant past.
当我们看着狗进入新的环境
When we watch a dog enter a new environment,
它们步入的方式似与我们别无二致
it looks like they just walk in the same way we would.
但当你从它们的视角看世界时
But when you see the world from their perspective,
你会发现它们
you realise they’re picking up
是用鼻子来获得一切所需信息
all the information they need with their noses.
它们不仅能嗅出原本存在
Not only can they smell objects that were there
但已被清理干净的东西
and have now been cleaned away…
它们的感官极为敏锐 可嗅出数日
Their senses are so keen, they can smell events days,
数周 甚至数月前发生的事
weeks, even months after they’ve happened.
所以哪怕还有
So they’ll know if there might just be
一丁点遗留下的食物 它们都能知晓
a bit of food left behind that they could eat.
这都是狗与生俱来的特质
This all comes naturally to a dog.
若多加训练这种用湿鼻子寻找食物的能力
But when you train this wet, snuffly food-finding ability,
就能拯救生命
the results can save lives.
好孩子 继续
Good boy. Go on!
狗十分高效
The dogs are very, very efficient.
一只狗大概相当于十个搜救人员
They’re probably equal to about ten people searching.
马克斯是一只野外搜救犬
Max is a wilderness air scenting dog
他被训练来追踪人类的气味
and he’s trained to pick up human scent
以帮助主人阿列克斯·莱昂找到失踪的人
so he can find missing people for his handler Alex Lyons.
不管喜不喜欢 我们都有体味
We all smell, whether we like it or not,
我们的气味随风扩散
and our scent gets carried in the wind
我们正是训练他定位这种气味
and that’s what he’s trained to locate.
它很兴奋 都没法♥正♥常地吠叫了
He gets that excited, he can’t bark properly,
所以就会发出这样的声音
so he gives me a ‘huff-huff’ thing.
马克斯是国内最优秀的搜救犬之一
Max is one of the most successful search and rescue dogs in the country.
他知道自己在做什么 对吧
He knows what he’s doing. Don’t you?
当其他希望都破灭后
Dogs like Max can really make a difference
马克斯这样的狗能扭转乾坤
when all reasonable hope has been lost.
我去埃克塞特购物 之后乘巴士回家
I had been to Exeter to do shopping and I came home on the bus
原本我按铃想在格林下车 车没停
and I rang the bell to stop at the Green and it didn’t.
车往前开了一段到了奎克农场
And it took me on further up here to Quick’s Farm.
我跟司机说 “没关系 我在这儿下车
And I said to the driver, “It’s all right, I can get off here,
穿过这片树林 我八点就能到家”
“go through the arboretum and I’m back at eight.”
但我走进树林后 就找不到出路了
But I got in the arboretum, I couldn’t find my way out.
七十九岁的玛格丽特·哈沃森没预料到
79-year-old Margaret Haverson hadn’t considered
这片树林已经荒芜了四十余年
that the woodland had been neglected for over 40 years
处处杂草丛生
and was completely overgrown.
我被荆棘缠住了
I get tied up with the brambles and that.
这里长满了荆棘
This was all covered in brambles.
温度渐渐下降 天色也暗了
And then it got cold and dark and that,
我躺在一颗大树下 可能就是那棵
so I laid under a big tree, which could have been that one,
反正是棵大树
but it was a big tree.
玛格丽特在树下躺了三天两夜 天寒地冻
Margaret lay under that tree for three days and two frozen nights
而此时警♥察♥ 志愿者
while the police force, volunteers
甚至还有配备热感应摄像头的直升机
and even helicopters with heat seeking cameras
都在这一区域四处搜寻她
combed the area trying to locate her.
没错 而且我冻僵了
Yes, and I was frozen.
人们找来马克斯 看看狗的鼻子能否成功
So Max was called in to see if a dog’s nose could succeed
因为一切尝试都已失败
where everything else had failed
时间就快来不及
and before it was too late.
实话说
To tell you the truth,
我没指望玛格丽特能活下来
I was not expecting to find Margaret alive.
我想在这种天气之下
I thought because of the weather,
她很可能因为体温过低而死亡
I thought she would have died of hypothermia.
我时晕时醒
Then I kept dozing off and on
直到你来找到了我
until you came and found me.
或者说是 你来找到我
Or you came and found me.
对啊 是马克斯找到你的 对不对
Yeah, Max found you. Didn’t you?
你是好样儿的 真棒
You were a good boy, you were.
人类失败了 马克斯却透过灌木嗅到了她
Where humans had failed, Max’s nose cut through the undergrowth
救了玛格丽特一命
and saved Margaret’s life.
我被狗舔了个遍 又冷又如释重负
I was very cold and very relieved when I was licked all over by a dog.
他特别高兴 是不是
He was so happy. Weren’t you?
当然了 你真棒 对吧
Of course, you’re good, aren’t you?
没错 好样儿的
Yeah. Good boy.
你真棒
You’re good.
我们的这窝幼崽已经五周大了
Our litter of pups are now five weeks old
胆子越来越大
and they’re becoming more adventurous.
判别着什么东西可以用牙咬坏
Testing what they can destroy with their teeth
谁惹得起 谁惹不起
and who they can and can’t pick fights with.
总之 它们在探索作为一只狗的意义
But above all, they’re discovering what it means to be a dog.
两只幼犬之间的打闹
Simple play between two puppies
展现了骨子里的狂野天性
reveals the wild ancestors within.
它们的狩猎本能
The hunting instinct,
这一主从行为的划分对群体生活至关重要
the dominant and submissive behaviours that are essential to pack life.
这是因为所有的狗都有共同的祖先 狼
This is because all dogs can trace their ancestry back to the wolf.
既然所有的狗都同宗同源
So if all dogs came from one species,
为什么它们却形态各异 大小不一呢
then how did they end up to be so many different shapes and sizes?
我们最初驯化狗的时候
When we first domesticated dogs,
通过选种消除了一些犬类的野蛮行为
we bred out some of the wild behaviours,
这一过程中意外形成了新的特征
and this process accidently led to new characteristics.
不同花色的皮毛 卷曲的尾巴 松软的耳朵
Coloured coats, curly tails and floppy ears.
加之几千年来人类对钟爱犬种的培育
Add a few thousand years of breeding from the dogs we love the most
便形成了当今的繁多种类
and you have the huge variety that we see today.
理论上来讲 任意两只狗都能交♥配♥
In theory, any dog can mate with any other dog,
但得考虑实际可行性
but practicalities get in the way.
如果人类像哈巴狗和圣伯纳德狗那样迥异
If humans were as different as a Pug and a St Bernard,
我们的身高范围可能是半米到九米半
then our heights would range from two to 31 feet tall.
但是所有的狗都有一个共同的习性
But there’s one thing that just about every dog does.
吠叫
Bark.
它们为什么吠叫
So why do they bark?
从哪儿学来的
Where does it come from?
狼可不吠
Wolves don’t bark.
它们嚎
They howl.
一些科学家认为狗进化出吠的功能是为了人类
Some scientists think that barking has evolved just for our benefit.
那这是否意味着它们在和我们说话
So does this mean that they’re talking to us?
如果是的话 它们在说什么
And if so, what are they saying?
它们似乎明白我们的语言
They seem to understand our words.
快挖 快挖
Dig, dig.
来 说句话
Come on, speak.
好孩子
Good boy.
但是狗真的能靠吠叫来和我们交谈吗
But can dogs really talk to us by barking?
我觉得没人能理解一只狗
I don’t think anybody ever understands a dog.
它们理解你 但我觉得没人能理解狗
They understand you. I don’t think you ever understand a dog.
让我们看看主人们是否明白不同叫声的含义
Let’s see if these owners can understand what different barks mean.
不如给狗狗戴上
Put them on the dog.
她也许能比我强点儿
She’s probably better to tell the difference than me.
好了
Ok.
什么也听不到
Can’t hear a thing.
它不开心
It’s unhappy.
它希望得到关注 很沮丧
It wants attention. It’s frustrated.
我能想见它在空地上 拴着狗链
I visualise him in an open space on a lead
它想挣脱锁链 去别的地方或是找什么人
and he wants to be off and to go to somewhere or somebody.
这叫声听起来蛮开心的
It sounds quite a happy bark.
听上去它正在玩
It sounds as if it’s playing.
对我而言 这叫声像是
To me, that sounds like
你正准备给它丢个球过去时
you’re just about to throw a ball for the dog
它的那股兴奋劲儿
and there’s that level of excitement.
它在你旁边跑来跑去
It’s running all around you.
我们已经能肯定 狗能通过吠叫
It’s been identified that dogs can communicate
向我们传达至少六种不同的情绪
at least six different emotions to us through their barks.
所以我才知道你在想什么
That’s why I know what you’re thinking.
恰恰证明了狗能通过吠叫来沟通 不是吗
That just proves, doesn’t it, that dogs can talk by barking.
再来看看我们成长中的小狗
Back with our growing puppy.
她目前还没想要和我们沟通
She’s not trying to communicate with us just yet.
它们才五周大 还在努力适应环境
Only five weeks old, the puppies are still finding their feet
慢慢从妈妈身边独♥立♥
and slowly gaining independence from their mother.