推翻罗诉韦德案（2018）

It is changing a generation’s mind about what’s going on in the womb of a woman
通常情况下，母亲会把超声波图贴在冰箱上
It is very common for expecting mothers to have sonograms on their fridge
让孩子们知道那是什么照片，那是他们的兄弟姐妹
for children to know what that picture is. That is their sibling
这是一个很好的工具，我们想要利用它
And so this was a great tool that we wanted to tap into and to use,
我们发现堕胎诊所已经在堕胎前使用了超声波技术
and we saw that abortion clinics were already using sonogram technology before an abortion
大家早上好，约翰•西沟和科技公♥司♥…
Good morning, everybody. John Seago with tech…
我们非常谨慎地思考我们正在做什么
We think very deliberately about what are we doing that is
是在向挑战“罗诉韦德案”的根本基础迈进一步
taking a step forward to challenging the very foundations of Roe v. Wade
超声波检查的法案很重要
And the sonogram bill was an important one
因为我们一直在推动医生使用它
because we were pushing how much we can require a physician to do
好的，那么德州健康和安全准则第171章要求
All right. So Chapter 171 of the Texas Health and Safety Code require that
在你手术前24小时向你提供以下信息…
I provide you with this information at least 24 hours prior to your procedure
我们希望超声波图不仅是让堕胎派看到
We wanted the sonogram not just to be performed, for the sake of the abortionist,
而且是为了让那个女人看到
but also to be displayed for the woman to see
这就是我们的全部目标
That was the whole goal
这有个模糊的东西
This little blurry thing right here
如果把注意力集中在这，你会看到一个点
If you focus kind of right there and you see a little flicker
那是心跳，心脏活动
That’s the heartbeat. Cardiac activity
法律规定，医生必须向病人描述她在屏幕上看到的东西
The law says a doctor has to describe what she sees on the screen to the patient,
给她一个改变主意的机会
giving her a chance to change her mind,
看到她的错误，意识到她将要做什么
to see the error of her ways and realize what she’s about to do
这就目的
That’s the idea
这是国家强加给妇女的
This is the state imposing it upon the woman
她已经请了一位医生和她讨论这个问题，并帮她解决
She has engaged a doctor to discuss this with her and help her come to a resolution
她没有参与德克萨斯州的立法
She did not engage the legislature of the state of Texas
德克萨斯生命权组织坚信
It is the strong conviction of Texas Right to Life
立法机构应该努力阻止堕胎
that the legislature should work to stop abortions
在国会中，我们有能力引导对话
In the capitol, we have the capacity to direct the conversation
所有的堕胎都是不公正的暴♥力♥行为，应该被拒绝
All elective abortion is a violent act of injustice and should be rejected
如果你以共和党人的身份经营德克萨斯州…
If you’re running in Texas as a Republican
对子♥宫♥里的人类婴儿的不人道行为…
An inhumane action to a human child in the womb
你必须同意亲生命的原则
…you have to claim to agree with pro-life principles
希德•米勒协助通过了强有力的立法以保护未出生者
Sid Miller helped pass powerful legislation to protect the unborn
谢谢你，上帝保佑
Thank you and God bless
你可以被选为农业专员
You can be elected as agriculture commissioner
你可以因为堕胎问题而当选本州首席财务官
You can be elected as the chief financial officer of our state because of abortion
而不是因为你在数字方面的技能
Not because of your skills with numbers
我们必须通过一项最强有力的亲生命法案
We must pass one of the strongest pieces of pro-life legislation
而是因为你有能力通过立法来阻止堕胎
But because of your skill at getting legislation passed to obstruct access to abortion
这就是这个问题在德州的强大地位
That’s how powerful this issue is in Texas
这就是亲生命组织变得如此强大的原因
That’s how powerful pro-life advocacy groups have become
我签署了一项超声波法律
I signed a sonogram law
这样面对痛苦抉择的母亲们才能真正看到
so mothers facing that agonizing choice can actually see
我知道
And I know it
它有用
works
我们希望看到所有未出生的孩子受到保护，我们相信
We want to see all unborn children protected, and we believe that
我们一直在做的仍然是最好的方法
what we’ve been doing is still the best way to approach it
然而，有关堕胎的另一轮斗争正在…
Yet another round in the abortion battle has been fought on
但我们的障碍一直是最高法♥院♥
But our roadblock has always been the Supreme Court
法♥院♥拒绝推♥翻♥“罗诉韦德案”
The Court declined to overrule Roe versus Wade
我们将继续努力推♥翻♥它
We’re gonna keep plugging away to overturn Roe v. Wade
因为我们相信这个国家不应该杀死自己的孩子
because we believe this country shouldn’t be killing its babies
这是一个法律问题，一个宪法问题
Is it a legal question, a constitutional question,
一个医学问题，一个哲学问题
a medical question, a philosophical question,
一个宗教问题，亦或还是什么？
a religious question, or what is it?
全国各地还有其他病例
There had been other cases around the country
试图挑战当地的堕胎法
trying to challenge local abortion laws
但我们的案子是第一个到达美国最高法♥院♥的案件
But our case was the first to get to the US Supreme Court
德克萨斯州的法律规定，堕胎是非法的
The law in Texas was that abortion was illegal,
我们有一个不想要孩子的孕妇…
and we had a woman who was already pregnant who didn’t want to be
她不想公开她的名字
and she didn’t want her name public
所以我们想，那就用“约翰•杜/简•罗”（无名氏）
So, we thought, “Well, John Doe, Jane Roe”
而亨利•韦德是达拉斯地区的检察官
And Henry Wade was the district attorney in Dallas
很明显，很多女性都受到了这个问题的影响
And it was clear that so many women were affected by this issue
每周四有一架飞机离开达拉斯去加利福尼亚
There was a flight that left Dallas every Thursday going to California,
在那次航行中，通常会有10个或更多的女性去加州堕胎
and there were usually ten or a few more women on that flight going out to California for abortion
人们要去科罗拉多
People were going to Colorado
很多人都飞到纽约去了
And a lot of people were flying to New York
有成千上万的妇女曾经非法堕胎
And there were thousands of women who had had illegal abortion,
她们自己做了堕胎
who had done their own abortion
所以我们提出了一个集体诉讼
And so we filed a class action
说这是所有已怀孕或可能怀孕的
to say that this is a case for all women who are or might become pregnant
并希望选择堕胎的妇女的情况
and want the option of abortion
当时我26岁
I was 26
我是最高法♥院♥有史以来最年轻的律师
And I was the youngest person ever to argue a case in the Supreme Court
我们不是来提倡堕胎的
We are not here to advocate abortion
我们不要求法庭裁决堕胎是件好事
We do not ask this court to rule that abortion is good,
或是在任何特定情况下都可取
or desirable in any particular situation
我们来这里是为了倡导女性
We are here to advocate for the right of a woman to determine
是否有权决定，将继续或终止妊娠
whether or not she would continue or terminate a pregnancy
9位中老年男人对“罗诉韦德案”进行了辩论
Roe against Wade was argued to nine middle-aged-to-elderly men
这是一个保守的法庭
It was a conservative Court
这个法庭有4人是由尼克松任命的
It was a Court with four Nixon appointees
他们的出现，将使最高法♥院♥比以往任何时候都要保守
Their presence is expected to make the Court more conservative than at any time in recent memory
但在那个时候，堕胎并不是一个党派的问题
But abortion was not a partisan issue at that time
这是一个医学问题，一个社会问题
It was a medical problem, it was a social problem
基本的宪法问题是，未出生的胎儿是否是一个人，不是吗？
Basic constitutional question is whether or not an unborn fetus is a person, isn’t it?
有一次一位法官对我说
At one point a justice had said to me,
“你认为人类的生命从何时开始？ ”
“When do you believe human life begins?”
我说，好吧，法官大人
And I said, “Well, Your Honor,
我们没必要去讨论那个精准时刻
we did not try to say exactly what moment that was,
这是没有答案的
There is no one answer to that”
不同的宗教对这个问题有不同的答案
Different religions have different answers to that question,
但是没有法律标准说
but there is no legal standard that said,
“这一刻，胎儿就变成了人”
“At this point the fetus becomes a human”
所以，问题是，谁来做这个决定？
So, the question is, who gets to make the decision?
是女人，还是政♥府♥？
Is it the woman, or is it the government?
我的立场一直是，它不是政♥府♥
And my position has always been it’s not the government
晚上好，在一个里程碑式的裁决中
Good evening. In a landmark ruling,
最高法♥院♥今天将堕胎合法化
the Supreme Court today legalized abortion
法♥院♥以7比2的比例
The Court split seven to two
法官拜伦•怀特和威廉姆•伦奎斯特持反对意见
with Justices Byron White and William Rehnquist dissenting
这个决定使堕胎在很大程度上成为私事
The decision made abortion largely a private matter
并命令各州不得立法法律禁止堕胎
and ordered the states to make no laws forbidding it,
除非是在（妊娠期）最后几个月
except possibly during the final months
当罗案曝光时，每个人都感到震惊
When Roe went through, it was a shock to everyone
想要走到对立面去
To go so far over to the other side,
把一切都交到女人手里，实质上废除了法律
to put everything in the woman’s hand and essentially dismantle the laws
如今在其他任何州，你都不能通过法律反对堕胎
Now, in any other state, you couldn’t pass laws against abortion,
或者直接禁止堕胎
not forbidding it directly
这是一项宪法权利
It was a constitutional right
罗案最终判决
The Roe decision held
妇女有权在前两个孕程终止妊娠
that women have the right to terminate a pregnancy in the first two trimesters,
只有在怀孕晚期，州政♥府♥才有权禁止堕胎
and then it’s only at the third trimester that the state has the right to prohibit abortion
除非是为了保护妇女的生命或健康
except when necessary to preserve a woman’s life or health
当“罗诉韦德案”的判决宣布时
When the Roe v. Wade decision was handed down,
计划生育协会一直致力于妇女的生殖健康和避孕措施
Planned Parenthood had been devoted to women’s reproductive health and access to contraception
地方分会不得不自问
And the local chapters had to ask themselves,
“既然合法了，我们现在是否要提供堕胎？”
“Are we gonna provide abortions now that they are legal?”
这确实是一个反思的时刻，对组织来说非常艰难
It was really a moment of reflection that was very tough for the organization
当它第一次成为合法的时候
When it first became legal,
计生联合会并不热衷于堕胎
Planned Parenthood was not keen on abortion
全国各地的分支机构
Various affiliates around the country,
很多人都不想提供堕胎，他们真的不想
a lot of them didn’t want to do abortions. They really didn’t
委员会分成了两派
The board would be divided
一半的人愿意，另一半则不想
Half the people would want to, the other half wouldn’t
医生检查了你的身体，一切正常后
Now, after the doctor’s examined you and everything is all right,
他要做的第一件事是使用窥镜，这是…
the first thing he’s going to do is use the speculum. This is the…
但他们接连转向支持的一边
But one by one, they swung over to the active side
当他们这么做的时候，那些不喜欢堕胎的人会从董事会辞职
And when they did, the people who didn’t like abortion would resign from the board
其他人会加入进来，而且现在已经承诺