读《山海经》
(十三首其一)
孟夏[1]草木长,绕屋树扶疏。
众鸟欣有托,吾亦爱吾庐。
既耕亦已种,时还读我书。
穷巷隔深辙,颇回故人车。
欢言酌春酒,摘我园中蔬。
微雨从东来,好风与之俱。
泛览《周王传》[2],流观《山海》图。
俯仰终宇宙,不乐复何如?
这是陶渊明隐居时所写读《山海经》十三首组诗中的第一首。此诗看似描写信手拈来的生活实况,其实质寓意深远,诗人胸中流出的是一首囊括宇宙境界的生命赞歌。开头写初夏之际,草木茂盛。“众鸟欣有托,吾亦爱吾庐”指众鸟快乐得好像有所寄托,我也喜爱我的茅庐。暗喻诗人是非常喜欢安雅清闲、自然平和的生活,体现出世间万物、包括诗人自身各得其所。诗人自耕自足,没有后顾之忧,也不会为五斗米而折腰,闲暇之余在书本中吮吸精神食粮。“微雨从东来,好风与之俱”指细雨从东方而来,夹杂着清爽的风。寓意这样的人生快乐,在昏昏然的官场上是无法得到的。体现了诗人高远旷达的人生境界。
注释:
[1]孟夏:初夏。古人以孟、仲、季来划四季中每个季节的三个月,孟为第一,仲为第二,季为第三。
[2]《周王传》:又称《穆天子传》,是一部记载周穆王西游的书。
Reading The Book of Mountains and Seas
(I)
In early summer plants and grass grow high;
Around my cottage trees cast leafy shade.
Here birds rejoice to sing their lullaby,
So I love my thatched hut in the glade.
After I’ve tilled the land and sown the seed,
I may come back to read my books at leisure.
My lane’s too humble for carriage and steed,
Where visitors can’t find any more pleasure.
Still I am happy to drink my spring wine,
And pluck from my garden the herbage green.
A fine rain from the east tries to combine
With a fair breeze to beautify the scene.
I read the myth of legendary king
And the Book with Maps of Mountains and Seas.
I see the ups and downs from spring to spring.
What is happier than to do what I please?