桂枝香
金陵[1]怀古
王安石
登临送目。
正故国[2]晚秋，
天气初肃。
千里澄江似练，
翠峰如簇。
归帆去棹[3]残阳里，
背西风、
酒旗斜矗。
彩舟云淡，
星河鹭[4]起，
画图难足。
念往昔，
繁华竞逐。
叹门外楼头，
悲恨相续。
千古凭高对此，
谩嗟[5]荣辱。
六朝[6]旧事随流水，
但寒烟衰草凝绿。
至今商女，
时时犹唱，
《后庭》遗曲。
注释：
[1]金陵：今南京市。
[2]故国：金陵为六朝旧都，因此称为故国。
[3]棹：划船的一种工具，形状和桨差不多。
[4]鹭：一种水鸟名。
[5]嗟：感叹词。
[6]六朝：吴、东晋、宋、齐、梁、陈。
Fragrance of Laurel Branch
· Thinking of Ancient times in Jin Ling
Wang Anshi
I climb the height
And stretch my sight:
Late autumn just begins its gloomy time.
The ancient capital looks sublime.
The limpid river, beltlike, flows a thousand miles;
Emerald peaks on peaks tower in piles.
In the declining sun sails come and go;
Against west wind wineshop streamers flutter high and low.
The painted boat
In cloud afloat,
Like stars in Silver River egrets fly.
What a picture before the eye!
The days gone by
Saw people in opulence vie.
Alas! Shame on shame came under the walls,
In palace halls.
Leaning on rails, in vain I utter sighs
Over ancient kingdoms’ fall and rise.
The running water saw the Six Dynasties pass,
But I see only chilly mist and withered grass.
Even now and again
The songstresses still sing
The song composed in vain
By a captive king.
注释：
The poet, deposed prime minister, sighs for the captive king of Chen (553-604)who loved only wine, woman and song.
《桂枝香·金陵怀古》是宋代政治家、文学家王安石的词作。此词通过对金陵（今江苏南京）景物的赞美和历史兴亡的感喟，寄托了作者对国家政治大事的关心和对当时朝政的担忧。上阕写登临金陵故都之所见。“澄江”“翠峰”“归帆”“斜阳”“酒旗”“西风”“云淡”“鹭起”，依次勾勒水、陆、空的雄浑场面，境界苍凉；下阕写作者在金陵之所想，以“念”字为转折，今昔对比，时空交错，虚实相生，对历史和现实，表达出深沉的抑郁和沉重的叹息。全词情景交融，境界雄浑阔大，风格沉郁悲壮，把壮丽景色和历史内容和谐地融合在一起，自成一格，堪称名篇。
The poem “Fragrance of Laurel Branch · Thinking of Ancient times in Jin Ling” is a lyric by Wang Anshi, a statesman and literary scholar of the Song Dynasty. This lyric expresses the author’s concern for the political affairs of the country and his worries about the imperial government at that time through his praise of the scenery of Jinling (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) and his sorrow for the rise and fall of history. The first section describes what the author saw when he visited the former capital of Jinling. The first section is about the view of the former capital of Jinling, including “Chengjiang River”, “Cuifeng”, “Returning Sail”, “Slanting Sun”, “Wine Flag” and “West Wind”. “The second section is about the author’s thoughts in Jinling. The next section is about the author’s thoughts in Jinling, with the word “Nian” as a twist, contrasting the present and the past, intertwining time and space, and expressing deep depression and heavy sighs about history and reality. The whole lyric is a blend of scenes and scenery, with a majestic and broad realm and a melancholy and mournful style, harmoniously blending the magnificent scenery and the historical content.
