海洋星球（2012）

Dying, they leave nothing behind. The marine oasis becomes a desert.
海洋的广阔掩藏了其他真♥相♥
Further out to sea, the immensity of the ocean hides other facts.
珊瑚虫死了之后
After the coral,
浮游生物的健康问题就成了大事
it’s the state of health of the plankton which becomes critical.
我们刚开始探索这片海域
Scientific missions are multiplying on this ocean
而科学任务已越来越多
that we are just beginning to discover.
科学家试图找出海洋生命的变化趋势
They’re trying to understand what is going to change in marine life.
那些是哺育我们的生命
The life that feeds us.
处于食物链底层的浮游生物
lt seems that the plankton, the base of all the food chains,
似乎正向水温适宜的极地迁徙
is moving toward the polar region where the waters are still temperate.
50年里 它们已经向北迁徙了1200公里
ln 50 years, it has moved 1 ,200 kilometres further northwards.
浮游生物的迁徙已经对海洋生命产生了影响
This redistribution of plankton is already having an effect on marine life.
每年牛鼻魟会为了寻找食物
Every year, cownose rays migrate
辗转于巴西和温带区域之间
between Brazil and the temperate zones in search of food.
每年这些旅途都使它们向上向北偏移
Every year, the journey takes them a little higher, a little further north.
全球变暖正在扰乱海洋的生态系统
Global warming is disrupting the ecology of the ocean.
渔业的生存区也因此发生改变
With this change, our fishing territories are also changing.
但我们无法停止捕鱼
But l know that we can’t stop ourselves from fishing.
在捕鱼量占世界四分之一的智利
ln Chile, where a quarter of the wofld’s tonnage is fished,
海洋支撑着数千渔民及其家庭的生活
the sea supports thousands of traditional fishermen and their families.
很多人因为船只而负债累累
Many are heavily in debt to pay for their boats.
商业鱼种越来越少
Commercial species are becoming scarce,
所以他们转向剩余的鱼种
so they are turning to what remains.
以前我们不吃智利沙丁鱼和秘鲁凤尾鱼
We didn’t eat Chilean sardine and Peruvian anchovy in the past.
但现在我们每年捕捞1000多万吨♥这些鱼
But now we fish over 10 million tons of them per year.
这对于单一物种而言是极大的压力
Extraordinary pressure on a single species,
这些鱼是这片水域里仅存的物种了
the only one remaining in these waters.
就在智利海岸沿线
Right along the coast of Chile,
有一股强大水流从海底上升
a powerful current rises up from the bottom of the ocean.
水流仍富含浮游生物 沙丁鱼也极多
lt’s still rich in plankton, and the sardines are abundant.
这是一股涌升流
This is an upwelling current.
它搅动海水 带来营养物
lt churns the water, bringing nutrients.
海豹和鸟类会捕食
Seals and birds come to hunt the small fish,
聚集在涌升流中的小鱼
which gather around these rising waters.
智利人用围网捕鱼
The Chileans fish with a seine,
这是一种能套住40吨♥鱼的长网
a very long net that closes over 40 tons of catch.
每网下去捕上50万尾鱼 机器一口吸进舱
Five hundred thousand fish in each net that a machine sucks up into the hold.
虽然沙丁鱼寿命只有几年 但它们繁殖很快
Though sardines only live a few years, they reproduce rapidly.
这些蓝色小鱼是最后一批幸存者
These blue fish are the last still holding out in this wofld.
我们不吃这些鱼 而是拿它们做鱼粉
We don’t eat these fish. We catch them to make fish meal.
鱼粉是用来饲养养殖鱼的
Fish meal which feeds farmed fish.
每年海鱼养殖量达2500万吨♥
ln total, 25 million tons of sea fish are raised every year,
大多数来自挪威和智利
most of the production coming from Norway and Chile.
我们只养殖市场价值高的品种
We only raise species with high market value,
海鲤 鲑鱼和鲈鱼
sea bream, salmon and bass.
养殖一公斤鱼需要四公斤野生沙丁鱼
Four kilos of wild sardines are needed to produce one kilo of farmed fish.
养鱼业是以野生资源为基础的产业
Our fish farming is an industry based on a wild resource.
一旦没了沙丁鱼 我们怎么办
And when there are no more sardines, what will we do?
随着资源耗尽 我们越航越远
As our resources run out, we go further and further.
公海是一片自♥由♥区域
The high seas are a free zone.
海洋的三分之二归每个人所有 也便是不属于任何人
Two-thirds of the ocean belongs to everyone, and so to no one,
也便是符合先用先得的原则
and so belongs to the first to use it.
在西非海域
Off the coast of West Africa,
凶狠的船主派穷渔民去掠夺最后一片鱼区
rogue ship-owners send poor fishermen to pillage the last zones rich in fish.
在摇晃的渔船上 他们无依无靠
On their ramshackle boats, these men are abandoned,
幸运的话 每月能收到一次给养
with rations arriving once a month, if they’re lucky.
船上的人似乎毫无价值可言
Men in boats that seem to have no value for anyone.
在毛里塔尼亚
ln Mauritania,
努瓦迪布港已经成为非法渔船的墓地
the port of Nouadhibou has become a graveyard of pirate fishing ships.
海岸边有数百艘 被俘获的渔船 被遗弃的沉船
Hundreds of boats seized off this coast, abandoned wrecks,
或许早已有其他船接替这些船了
probably already replaced by other ships.
非法船只聚集在监管最弱的地区
The pirate boats gather in the least watched zones,
比如非洲区域
like the African sector.
在海上
Out at sea,
非法船只将货物转移到合法船只上
the illegal ships transfer their cargo onto authorised ships
以便在国际市场上合法售出
to be able to sell their catch legally on the international markets.
有人估计这种非法捕鱼量达2600万吨♥
Some estimates rank this illegal fishing at 26 million tons of catch,
占到全世界总量的四分之一
a quarter of the global total.
利润主宰了海洋
Profit rules the seas.
在海中 90％的捕食者消失了
ln the sea, 90% of the biomass of the predators has disappeared.
幸存者之一的大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼
One of the last of them, the Atlantic bluefin tuna,
也正濒临灭绝
is on the verge of extinction.
不过在地中海 捕捞这种鱼仍属合法
Nevertheless, it is fished legally in the Mediterranean,
这是仅剩的几片蓝鳍金枪鱼繁殖海域之一
one of the last refuges of this species, which comes here to reproduce.
人们用巨大的钢笔状渔网捕捉金枪鱼
The tuna are captured in a very large net which shuts like a pen.
金枪鱼被活捉上岸 在养殖场养肥
The catch is towed back alive, then fattened up in a farm
然后屠宰 运入国际市场
before slaughter, then sold on international markets.
金枪鱼是奢侈品
These fish are a luxury resource.
一尾上好的金枪鱼可达300公斤重
A top quality tuna can weigh 300 kilos
市场价可达50万欧元
and be sold for over 500,000 euros.
到处都有腐♥败♥和欺诈
Corruption and lies are everywhere.
金枪鱼捕捞队能拿到数百万欧元补助
The tuna fishing fleets benefit from millions of euros of European subsidies.
我们不遵守捕捞限额
We respect no quotas,
我们不采取任何防范措施以保护物种
we don’t take any precautions at all for the preservation of the species.
这样下去 金枪鱼将在几年内灭绝
At this rate, the tuna will be extinct within a few years.
我们耗尽了这公共财富
We deplete this common good
因为它没有主人 却又能带来巨大利润
because it belongs to no one and it brings in a lot of money.
明天我们还剩什么
And tomorrow, what will we have left?
今天有400片海域因资源枯竭
Today, there are 400 marine areas which have been declared dead,
或不适于延续生命而宣告死亡
empty of resources, or even incapable of sustaining life.
其他物种数量在增长
Other species are proliferating.
水母已在地球上生存了约10亿年
Jellyfish have existed on Earth for almost a billion years.
它们躲过了各种已知的劫难
They have survived all known types of extinction.
红金枪鱼是它们的捕食者之一
Red tuna were one of their predators.
金枪鱼的消失打破了这千年之久的平衡
The disappearance of the tuna destabilises a millennial balance.
科学家和渔民见到
All over the ocean, scientists and fishermen are noticing
海里出现越来越多的水母
more and more jellyfish.
整个海洋满是胶质体生物
The ocean is becoming a mass of gelatine,
这种不平衡是等待我们落网的陷阱
and this imbalance is a trap waiting for us.
在远离陆地 远离我居住的地方
Far from the land, far from where l live,
海洋还隐藏着另一个真♥相♥
the ocean is hiding from us another fact.
洋流使化学物质扩散
The currents are dispersing our chemistry,
工业污染物被散布到世界各地
the pollutants of our industrial creation across the whole globe.
所有海域平均每一♥平♥方公里
More than 46,000 pieces of plastic per square kilometre on average
就有超过46000块塑料
across all seas.
即使我住在数千公里之外的地方
What is killing these birds comes from my home,
我们排放的废物还是杀死了这里的鸟
even though l live thousands of kilometres from here.
我们每年向大海倾倒60亿公斤塑料垃圾
We tip six billion kilos of plastic waste per year into the sea.
塑料无法降解 却能破碎成小碎片
Plastic, which doesn’t decompose, but which micro-fragments.
鸟吃了塑料 鱼也会吃到
What these birds are eating, the fish will eat,
而后 随着我们深入海洋
and in turn l will eat
以及壮大渔业及渔场 塑料最终将进入我们体内
as we delve into the ocean for our fishing, for our fisheries.
如此污染海洋就是毒害我们自己
Polluting the ocean to this point means poisoning ourselves.
辽阔的海洋让我们相信它有无尽的资源
The ocean is so vast that we came to believe it had infinite resources.
然而我们错了
We were wrong.
海洋行星实际上只有有限的恢复能力
The ocean planet in reality has only a limited capacity for renewal,
这点我们要学会把握
which we have to learn to manage.
这就是为什么从创世之初开始
That’s why, since the dawn of time,
地球上的万物都遵循自身规律和限度
everything that lives on Earth respects rhythms and limits.
那就是自然平衡定律的起源
That’s the origin of the famous law of natural equilibrium.
对于我 我想继续留在地球上
For myself, l want to stay on the Earth.
我希望明天仍然有容身之处
l want to have a place tomorrow on our living planet.
很久以来 我一直看着这些鱼儿
For a long time, l watched these fish.
我觉得我也有点像它们
l think l am a little like them.
我随着群体一起进化
l evolve through consensus, in a group.
虽然我知道正在发生的事
Even if l understand what’s happening to us,
但我就是无法极端地去阻止一切发生
l can’t just choose to radically change the way things are going.
也许共同的危机意识能触发连锁反应
But maybe our shared awareness will trigger a chain reaction
从而拯救人类
and save our species.
我希望我们能够及时做出反应
l want to believe that we can react in time.
20年前 在里约