海洋星球（2012）

exported all over the wofld.
褐藻 绿藻和红藻用途广泛
Brown, green and red seaweed serve all purposes,
它们被用于医药 服装 肥料和食物
medicine, cloth, fertiliser and food.
我们划出一小部分海域
We trace out small portions of sea
将河口变为私人领地
and transform estuaries into private concessions.
全世界有超过50万公顷的海域用于种植海藻
More than 500,000 hectares of the globe are dedicated to cultivation of seaweed,
养活了一百万海上农夫
supporting a million sea farmers.
在韩国的莞岛群岛
ln South Korea, in the Wando Archipelago,
超过200座岛屿已经用来种植海藻
over 200 islands have converted to farming seaweeds.
这些展开的绵延不断的网
These magnificent expanses are immense nets spread out in the sun,
是用来晾晒收获的海藻的
which are used to dry the harvests.
海洋中的3万种海藻
Of the 30,000 species of seaweed which grow in the sea,
只有约50种能够食用
only around 50 are edible.
我们在这里种植海带
Here, we grow kombu,
这是能长到3米长的大海藻
large seaweeds which can grow to three metres in length.
在亚洲 这种海藻是一种基本食物
ln Asia, this seaweed is a basic food source.
这些带甜味的叶片 富含蛋白质 矿物盐和维他命
These sugar-flavoured leaves contain proteins, mineral salts and vitamins.
人类捕鱼已有4万年历史了
We have been fishing for 40,000 years,
并且一直在改进渔场和渔网
constantly improving our fisheries and our nets.
捕鱼成为了一项产业
Fishing became an industry.
光有一家人已经不行了 重要的是要有投资和技术
lt’s no longer a question of family, but of investment and technology.
为了提高捕捞量 渔民组成了船队
To increase our catch, our fishermen formed fleets.
而深海拖网更是一项革命性的发明
What changed everything is the invention of the deep sea trawl,
这种渔网有漏斗状开口 与鲸鲨的嘴类似
a large net with a funnel-shaped opening like the mouth of the whale shark.
渔网十分巨大 有的能达到40公里
Our nets are so large that some measure 40 kilometres.
也就是25英里长
Or 25 miles.
然后整个加工厂都被搬到海上
Then entire factories took to the sea.
我们使用探测器 雷达 将一切智慧
We use probes, radar, and focus all our ingenuity
用在了捕捞海产上
on hunting down marine life.
每年全球捕捞的野生鱼达9000万吨♥
Every year, we fish 90 million tons of wild fish globally.
其中的一半是由1％的渔船捕捞到的
Half this amount is fished by only 1% of our fishing boats.
我们有巨大的拖网 围网 渔网
Our trawlers, our seines, our nets are so huge
这使得我们能够肆意捕捞
that we no longer choose what we’re taking.
来什么 捕什么
We take whatever comes
然后才根据海产的市场价值来挑拣
and sort it later according to the market value of the fish.
阿♥拉♥斯加鳕鱼 大西洋鲱鱼
Alaska pollock, Atlantic herring,
我们全数捕捞
we just scoop it all up.
除了科学家制定的配额
There is no limit to our predation
我们的掠夺毫无限制
apart from the fish quotas fixed by scientists.
谁能阻止我们肆意捕捞呢
But who can prevent us from exceeding them?
在全世界 80％的商品鱼种
Worldwide, 80% of commercial fish stocks
已经全数利用甚至过度利用了
have been declared fully exploited or overexploited.
捕鱼量已经到达上限 我们正处在生态限额上
Our fishing has reached a ceiling. We are at a biological limit.
我们怎么到了这个地步
How could we have gotten to this point?
我们的密集捕捞牺牲了大量的鱼
Our intensive fishing sacrifices millions of fish.
这些都是废弃的 有捕捞时的残次品
These are the waste, the rejects of the catch,
也有在渔网中被挤压致死的鱼
orjust the fish that got crushed to death in our nets.
这些鱼白白死去了
Fish killed for nothing.
海面的海产即将消耗殆尽
As the stocks near the surface run out,
我们便将目光瞄得更深更远
we rake further and further, deeper and deeper.
拖网已经能降至3000米深
Our trawlers now go down more than 3,000 metres.
我们盲目地捕捞了自己一无所知的动物
We blindly fish a fauna we hardly know.
那是深海底层动物 孤独地生活在黑暗和饥饿中
The fauna of the abyss, that lives in the dark, alone and hungry.
在深海底层里 光线逐渐减弱
ln the abyss, the light gradually disappears.
生命竟然能在无光的环境中繁衍 真是神奇
Life flourishes around this absence of light, and what a life.
栉水母生活在海下100米深处
At around 100 metres deep, the ctenophores.
这类胶状生物拥有发光器官
These gelatinous creatures possess luminous organs
以此来威吓天敌
to frighten off their enemies.
在海下1000米深处 海洋暮色♥区♥里
Still deeper, 1 ,000 metres below the surface, in the ocean twilight,
我们发现了管水母
we find the siphonophores.
它们是最大的浮游生物
These are the largest kind of plankton.
有的能达到50米长
Some measure up to 50 metres.
它们的器官并非四散开来 而是集♥合♥在一起
Their organs are not spread out, but grouped together.
一边是胃
On one side, they have their stomachs,
另一边是用于漂浮的鳔
on the other, the swim bladders they use to float.
中间是一张网 抓取从海面落下的食物
Between the two, they deploy a net to trap any food which falls from the surface.
进入深海底层就仿佛坐上了时光机器
Descending into the abyss is like travelling back in a biological time machine.
这里有大约2000种深海底层鱼类
There are maybe 2,000 species of abyss-dwelling fish.
每一种都令人恐惧
A terrifying bestiary.
蝰鱼可以吞下比它大的猎物
Viperfish that can eat things larger than themselves.
吞噬鳗会吞下所有身边经过的东西
Gulper eels that gobble everything which passes.
在1500米的深处 生存十分困难
Survival is tough at 1 ,500 metres deep.
3000米的深处完全没有光照
At around 3,000 metres, there is no more light.
这是乌贼的史前远亲——吸血乌贼的天下
lt’s the kingdom of the vampire squid, a prehistoric cousin of the squid.
吸血乌贼蓝色的血液中含有铜
The vampire squid has blue blood laced with copper.
它的大眼睛能察觉出
lts enormous eyes detect slight variations
上方微小的变化
in contrast above it, towards the surface.
它的视力完全适应了黑暗环境
lts vision is entirely adapted to the shadows.
在相机的弱光反射下 这些均匀的灰色沉积物
The sedimentary plane, uniform and grey,
似乎一直在延伸 让人望不到边界
seems to stretch out of sight and span lit by the camera.
当靠近海绵沼泽时 肉食海绵正在进食
When we approach this spongy marsh, we see carnivorous sponges at work.
一有残肢末节落到海底
When waste touches the bottom,
蟹类 鳗类和肉食海绵就会将其一扫而空
crabs, eels and carnivorous sponges gorge on it.
在泥巴里
lnvisible in the mud,
大量肉眼不可见的细菌分解着残骸
billions of bacteria break down what remains of the living.
这里 物种生命进程进行得更为缓慢
Here, species live more slowly,
有时候它们能活到150年
sometimes to 1 50 years old,
因为海平面以下4000米深处
because of the extraordinary pressure at minus 4,000 metres,
有着奇特的水压
at the bottom of the sea.
这里氧气极度缺乏
Oxygen is scarce.
但在这几乎未知的世界里人类还是出现了
And yet, here we are. ln this wofld we hardly know.
我们来到这里是因为对资源枯竭的恐惧
Here we are because we’re afraid of running out.
我们希望满足对石油的需要
We’re looking to feed our addiction to oil.
海洋看起来由水组成
The ocean seems to be made of water.
但实际上 它是生物 化学和地质的联合体
But in reality, it’s an alliance between life, chemistry and geology.
所有从海面落下的
All the wastes, corpses,
弃品 残骸 海藻碎片
particles of seaweed which come down from the surface,
海洋的所有小细胞 都在「海雪」中结束自己的生命
each tiny cell of the ocean finishes its life here in “marine snow.”
数百万年来
For millions of years,
富含碳的浮游生物遗体在海底累积
dead plankton loaded with carbon has been building up at the bottom of the seas.
一层又一层堆积得厚厚的
lt piles up in thick layers and gives rise to these rocks,
形成了这些石灰岩
which we call limestone,
这些随海平面下降就会逐渐露出海面
and which emerge in peaks at each lowering of the sea level.
有时候 堆积的尸体不会转变为岩石
Sometimes, this heap of corpses doesn’t transform into rock,
而会慢慢化为黑色粘稠状的有机物
but rather slowly melts down into an organic substance, viscous and black.
这就是石油
Oil.
几乎所有海床和陆地上都能找到石油
lt exists everywhere, almost, on the seabeds and on land,
因为海洋曾经覆盖了整个地球
where the ocean once covered the planet.
刚开始我们只开采浅层石油
We began by pumping out the shallow deposits.
但这些很快就消耗殆尽
But these reserves are already running out,
于是我们越挖越深
and we seek further and further, deeper and deeper.
现在我们已经在7000米深处开采石油
We’re now exploring deposits drilling up to 7,000 metres deep.
未来世界最后的油田
The last reserves of oil tomorrow
必将出现在海洋中最难到达的地方
will be found in the most inaccessible zones of the sea.
这是燃烧浮游生物放出的火焰 这是生命的燃烧
These flames are plankton burning, life burning.
全世界有两万口海上石油钻塔
We have 20,000 oil rigs on the wofld’s seas.
每年我们消耗的量相当于
Every year, we burn the equivalent of
100万年堆积来的浮游生物
a million years of laying down of plankton.
工业革命消耗了地球1亿年的碳储量
Our industrial revolution has cost the planet 100 million carbon years.
每年我们用超级油轮运输20亿吨♥石油
We transport two billion tons of oil every year on board our supertankers,
这是现存最大的移♥动♥建筑
which are the biggest mobile constructions that exist.
石油是我们文明发展最主要的能源
Oil is the main source of energy for our civilisation.
它助我们超越一切极限
This energy propels us beyond all limits.
这些装载大量石油的油轮
ln their gigantic holds,
也正装载着海洋的生物地质史
these ships are carrying a part of the bio-geological history of the ocean.
工业革命使我们的生活从此改变
With this revolution, our lives have changed.
地球的历史也随之改变
That of the planet also.
海上运输必不可少
We need our ships so much
因此我们分开南北美洲以连通海洋
that we have cut America in two to link the seas.
我们修建了巴拿马运河
We created the Panama Canal,
它犹如一道80公里长的砍痕贯穿热带雨林