海洋星球（2012）

Cuttlefish protect their eggs by hiding them as deep as possible
乌贼将卵尽可能深地藏在珊瑚中
in the branches of the coral so that other fish cannot eat them.
但是能藏多久 捕食者和猎物如此接近
But for how long? Prey and predators are so close.
海葵的触手带有致命的剧毒
The tentacles of the anemones are poisonous, even deadly.
只有小丑鱼能在其中生活
Only clown fish can live among them.
从幼鱼期开始
They immunise themselves
它们就通过摩擦触手来自我免疫
by rubbing against the tentacles from a very young age.
这种自然接种
This natural vaccination
使得海葵成为了它们的避难所
then enables them to use the anemone as a refuge.
对那些不了解珊瑚礁的生物来说
For those who do not know the reef,
这座大都市充满了危险
this marvellous city is in fact full of dangers.
花伞软珊瑚不是花 而是没有骨骼的珊瑚
The xenid is not a flower, but a coral without a skeleton,
它是用触手套住浮游生物的动物
an animal that traps the plankton in its tentacles.
在夜晚 珊瑚礁更是险象环生
At night, the reef is even more dangerous.
珊瑚活着的部分 即珊瑚虫
The living part of the coral, the polyp,
白天看不到 晚上则会出现
is invisible by day, but appears at night.
这种胶装生物是水母的远亲
This gelatinous creature is a distant cousin of the jellyfish.
它也用触手捕食
lt also hunts with its tentacles.
它固定在珊瑚礁中
lmmobile in the reef,
依靠洋流送来猎物
it relies on the marine currents to bring its prey.
靠得太近的生物就要葬身于此
Too bad for those who float too close.
触手通过注射致命毒液
lts tentacles immobilise everything that touches them
使一切接触它的生物动荡不得
by injecting a deadly poison.
有时只消一种消化糖就足够强大到
Sometimes, even a digestive sugar so powerful
能将活物直接消化
that it can digest living things.
珊瑚是恐怖的猎手
The reef is a dangerous predator.
一旦陷入其手 就不可能再逃脱
Once trapped, the victim cannot escape from these arms,
触手将猎物缓缓送入口中 将其消化
which pull it slowly towards the mouth, where it will be digested.
几乎每年到了春季满月的时候
Once a year, at exactly the same time, at the spring full moon,
就会出现一种神奇的现象
an extraordinary event occurs.
珊瑚进入了繁殖季节
The reef enters its reproductive phase.
它们释放出数目巨大的雌雄配子
By millions, they release male and female gametes.
融合之后产生了小珊瑚虫
Fusing together, they give birth to larvae.
就是成年珊瑚礁的幼体
The larvae of future coral reefs.
它们每年仅产一次卵
This release of eggs happens only once a year.
一次只持续几小时
lt lasts for only a few hours,
这取决于特定珊瑚间完美的同步配合
and it depends on perfect synchronisation between all the corals of a given species.
珊瑚虫幼体随着洋流
The larvae are dispersed by the current
日夜飘荡直到在远方落足
for several days and nights before landing further away.
它们要去开辟一片新领地
They leave to conquer a new territory.
那些幸存的幼体坚守深海中新的疆界
Those which survive fix on the new walls of the deep sea
以此壮大这片滋养它们的珊瑚礁
to perpetuate the immense coral city which gave birth to them.
扩张从未停息
lt’s a constant expansion.
5亿年来
For 500 million years,
珊瑚不断繁殖 死亡 再繁殖
the coral have been growing, dying and growing.
它们的骨骼构成了天空可见的珊瑚礁帝国
Their construction has built an empire visible from the skies,
这是地球上最大的活体建筑
the biggest living construct of the planet.
海洋中的所有动物
All the fauna of the ocean
都与这些生命绿洲息息相关
is linked to these oases of life.
在波利尼西亚 石斑鱼经过长途旅程
ln Polynesia, the grouper make a long voyage
来到珊瑚礁区产卵
to come and lay their eggs on the side of the reef.
这是这个孤独种群的大聚集
lt’s a huge meeting for this normally solitary community,
它们在环礁湖寻找安全的繁殖之处
who come to the lagoon seeking shelter for their reproduction.
但这种聚集♥会♥引来觅食的灰鲨
But this meeting is also attended by marauding grey sharks.
石斑鱼的一生中
ln the course of their lives,
出生时是雌性 而后变成了雄性
groupers start off female, then change sex and become male
当长到一定年龄和重量时
once they are above a certain weight and age.
雄鱼向前跳跃 混合精♥子♥
They leap forward, mixing their sperm.
雌鱼产卵后变得虚弱 成为易捕的猎物
The females, weakened by laying, make easy prey.
鲨鱼开始袭击了
The sharks attack.
石斑鱼将被大量捕杀
They will massacre many of the grouper,
然而另一方面 屠♥杀♥对于石斑鱼也至关重要
but this predation, paradoxically, is vital for the grouper as a species,
否则它们将因为 繁殖过快而变得数量过大
who will otherwise reproduce too fast and become too numerous.
还是老道理 大自然不会纵容过度繁殖
Here again, nature does not tolerate excess,
总是会有”螳螂捕蝉黄雀在后”
there’s always one predator waiting just above another.
双髻鲨是令人胆寒的猎手
Hammerhead sharks are fearsome hunters.
经过两千万年的进化 它们已成为超级猎手
Evolving 20 million years ago, these animals are super predators.
锤状的头部就像鱼鳍 使其灵活游动
Their hammer-shaped head acts like a fin and promotes agility.
长在两侧的眼睛赋予它们三维视野
The position of the eyes, very far apart, gives them 3D vision.
它们以鱼类和其他鲨鱼为食
They hunt the fish and other sharks.
一物降一物 这就是物种进化的原则
lt’s as if the cycle of predation governed the evolution of species.
我们便是在此时加入了这个故事
And here’s where we appear in the story.
我们人类
Here we are, people.
是生物链的最后一环
The last link in the chain of life,
没有捕食者以我们为食
we have no predator above us.
我们在这里诞生
We began here,
那是与海洋相对的地方
on the other side of the mirror of the ocean.
我们居住在露出海面的陆地上
We occupy the land which emerged.
很久之前 为了保护自己
Very long ago, to protect ourselves,
我们建造了如今在巴拿马圣布拉斯 还能看到的那种村子
we built villages like those that still exist at San Blas in Panama.
我们无法像鱼一样游水
We can’t swim like the fish,
于是我们造船横渡海洋
so we conceived boats to cross the oceans.
我们还建造了
And then we built a world
其他物种从未建造过的世界
like nothing any other species had built before us.
为了建造城镇 我们在岛屿间架起了桥梁
To build our towns, we constructed bridges between islands,
我们借助陆地征服了海洋
we conquered the ocean via the land.
我们学着打通山脉
We learned to dig through mountains,
改变水流流向甚至围海造田
change the course of the waters and even create islands.
我们建造了比珊瑚城更大的帝国
We built an empire even bigger than the coral cities.
在天空就能看到数不胜数的城墙和城市
Our walls, our enormous towns, can be seen from the sky.
正因为智慧 弱小的人类变得强大了
Through our intelligence, we, weak humanity, became really very strong.
不论贫富
Rich or poor,
世界上一半的人居住在 离水域不到100公里的地方
half the people of our wofld live less than 100 kilometres from the water.
几乎所有撒哈拉以南的非洲居民
Almost the entire population of sub-Saharan Africa
都集中在海岸线附近
is concentrated on the coastline.
仅尼日利亚的拉各斯就有1700万居民
Just the city of Lagos in Nigeria has 17 million inhabitants.
超过十万的人住在海边的棚户区里
More than 100,000 people live in the shantytown on the shore.
移♥民♥于此的人无陆地可住
The population that migrated here has no place on land,
于是便将目光投向了大海
so they turn to the sea.
人口与日俱增
Our population is constantly growing.
现在已有超过70亿人口
We are more than seven billion.
每过一秒
Every second that goes by,
地球上就会多出两个嗷嗷待哺的新生儿
there are two more people on the planet to be fed.
我们永远不能饱足
And we are hungry,
于是我们很自然地向海洋攫取资源
so, naturally, we turn to the ocean to feed us.
30亿人直接依靠着海洋资源生活
Three billion human beings depend directly on marine resources.
几乎有10亿人
For almost a billion people,
他们只有鱼作为动物蛋白质来源
fish represent their only source of animal proteins.
海洋是我们生存的关键
The ocean is key to our survival.
每天都有400万艘渔船奔向海洋
Four million of our fishing boats set out each day to attack the ocean.
大部分都是这样的小船
The majority are just little boats like these,
每天早上在塞内加尔海边卸货
which unload each morning on the coasts of Senegal.
作为家传技艺的捕鱼技术
Our fishing has been since the beginning a family craft,
在一代代人间不断改进和流传
practised and transmitted from generation to generation.
即使这是一个危险的行业
Although it’s a dangerous profession,
但当穷♥人♥无法靠陆地为生时 他们还是将目光转向了海洋
when people can’t feed off the land, the poorest turn to the sea.
在全世界
Worldwide,
包括间接就业和家政服务
including indirect employment and families,
渔业让5亿人有了糊口的工作
fishing sustains 500 million people.
在这里 我看到了海洋的丰饶
Here, l see the abundance of the ocean.
海洋还带给我们其他食物
The ocean brings us other food.
有史以来
Since the very beginning of our history,
我们一直在海边收集野生海藻
we have gathered wild seaweeds on the shore.
海藻已经生存了35亿年
They have existed for three and a half billion years.
就像在陆地上耕种一样 我们开始学习海洋种植
We learned to cultivate the sea as we came to farm the land.
海藻只需生长6周便能收割
The seaweed needs only six weeks of growth before harvest.
它需要的仅仅是阳光以及流动的海水
lt requires only sunlight and the movement of the currents.
在今天印尼的巴厘岛
Today in Bali in lndonesia,
我们种植海藻 并从中提取营养丰富的胶质
we cultivate seaweed and extract from it a nourishing gelatine.
海藻养殖为我们带来了1500吨♥海藻
This farming today produces 1 5 million tons of seaweed,
并出口到世界各地