海洋星球（2012）

most of them are nothing but a single cell
外面裹着二氧化硅或石灰骨架
surrounded by a silica or lime skeleton.
在这个阶段
At this level,
植物和动物的区别还很模糊
the distinction between plant and animal is blurred.
这些绿细胞有的有四肢 能往上浮
Some of these green cells even have limbs which push them upwards,
以增大吸收阳光的表面♥积♥
augmenting their surface area exposed to the sun.
这些微藻吸收碳 释放氧气
All these microalgae consume carbon and produce, in return, oxygen.
人类呼吸的一半氧气都由它们制♥造♥
Half of the air we breathe comes from these microalgae.
海洋是地球之肺
The ocean is the blue lung of the planet.
这些植被又引发了新生命的爆发
This vegetable flowering triggers another explosion of life,
出现了数以亿计以它们为食的植食动物
that of billions of herbivorous animals which come to feed off the marine prairie.
这些动物仅有数毫米大 通常更小
These animals measure hardly a few millimetres, often much less.
被分为水母类 甲壳类 细胞类
They’re classed as jellyfish, crustaceans, cells, shellfish, larvae,
贝壳类及幼虫类等数千个种类
thousands of groups of species.
其中最重要的当数微型虾
Among the most important of them are the innumerable tiny shrimps,
磷虾 它们日夜吞食藻类
the krill, which graze on the algae night and day.
以及桡足动物
And the copepods,
这是一种以四肢驱动跳跃 为游动方式的微型海跳蚤
a sort of tiny sea flea who swim by leaping, propelled by their limbs.
浮游生物中的肉食动物以它们为食
The copepods are hunted by all the carnivores in the plankton,
尤其是这些箭形捕食者
in particular these arrow-shaped predators,
它们装备有硅化物口器且非常贪婪
voracious and armed with silicon teeth.
在这里 捕食者和猎物鱼龙混杂
ln this jungle, prey and predators mingle constantly
而捕食者也随时可能被甲壳类捕杀
and there is always a crustacean ready to consume the preceding predators.
每分每秒都是生死时刻
Each instant of life is an act of survival.
浮游生物就像一本翻开的书
The plankton is an open book
带我们游历海洋的历史
in which we can read the history of the ocean.
30亿年间 在这片海洋植被上
During three billion years, life has evolved here,
生命开始进化
in this marine prairie.
一些古老的物种 比如胶状动物
Some very ancient species, like the gelatinous animals,
只在海洋中进化
have only evolved in the ocean.
在舒适的液体环境中
ln perfect harmony with the liquid environment,
它们的躯体具有弹性
they have an elastic body,
能使它们同时进食和移♥动♥
which allows them simultaneously to suck in food and to move.
有时候 它们一一钩连
Sometimes, they hook on to one another,
形成链状体以加强在洋流中的运动
forming immense chains to facilitate moving in the current.
这似乎有些混乱
lt looks chaotic,
但是麻雀虽小 五脏俱全
but each living entity is organised down to the smallest detail.
这些生命最终还是灭绝了
These explosions of life eventually disappear,
这是因为缺少资源 或受到天敌清剿
devoured by a lack of resources or wiped out by an invisible enemy,
即隐形病毒的袭击
an attack by a virus.
这些数以亿计的病毒的
Billions of viruses,
任务就是控制生命的爆发
whose biological role is to regulate each explosion of life.
大自然不会纵容过度繁殖
Nature doesn’t tolerate excess.
所有的海洋物种都依赖这些可见浮游生物
All the species of the ocean are dependent on this invisible plankton,
这就像一条长长的生物链
like a long chain of life.
冬天就要结束时
At the end of the winter,
鲭鱼结束冬眠 离开海底
the mackerel depart from hibernation in the depths of the ocean.
它们来到海面寻找海洋植被
They come up to the surface, seeking the marine prairie.
它们没有领头鱼
The fish have no leader,
但是却能排好队形
and yet they manoeuvre in perfect formation.
每条鱼都能有意识地控制
Each fish is continuously aware of the presences of its neighbours
与其他鱼之间的距离并关注同伴
and respects their distance.
自组织能力是鱼群必备的
This self-organisation is a fundamental law of the group.
这使它们能结群觅食
lt enables them to hunt as a shoal
也增大发现食物富藏区的可能性
and increases the chances of finding a rich feeding zone.
第一条发现食物的鱼
The first who finds something
会通过简单动作引导其他的鱼
can guide the others by a simple movement.
旗鱼是海洋里速度最快的鱼
The sailfish is the fastest fish in the ocean.
它以鱼为食
lt feeds on fish.
它的背鳍赋予它出众的 平衡性以成功捕获猎物
lts dorsal fin gives it exceptional stability to achieve its predatory goals.
一条100公斤的旗鱼 一生可吃掉1000公斤的鲭鱼
A 100-kilo sailfish will consume in its lifetime 1 ,000 kilos of mackerel,
这些鲭鱼可吃掉一万公斤的浮游生物
who themselves have consumed 10,000 kilos of zooplankton,
这些浮游生物可吃掉 十万公斤的海洋植被
who themselves have grazed on 100,000 kilos of marine prairie.
食物链呈一个金字塔等级状
The food chain is a hierarchy, a pyramid structure.
有些物种会彼此帮助
Some species choose to help one another.
蝠鲼只吃浮游生物
Manta rays only eat plankton.
它们六米宽的翼幅是很好的避难所
Their six-metre wingspan offers shelter.
作为报答 小鱼会移除它身上的寄生虫
ln return, the smaller fish remove the host’s parasites.
其他小鱼与鲸鲨结对
Others opt for the whale shark,
那是世界上最大的鱼
the largest of the fish.
鲸鲨远渡重洋寻找浮游生物
This traveller crosses entire oceans in search of plankton.
跟随的小鱼则以它的摄入物为生
lt carries with it smaller fish who live off its intake.
海洋覆盖了地球三分之二的面♥积♥
Solidarity also has a role in this liquid immensity,
在这4000米的深处 团结意味着生存
4,000 metres deep, covering two-thirds of the planet.
有时 这趟旅途会被陆地截断
Sometimes, this journey is interrupted by land.
这里是印尼的四王群岛
Here at Raja Ampat in lndonesia,
20亿年前 海水消退 露出陆地
land appeared when the ocean retreated two billion years ago.
这些石灰岛原本在海底
These limestone hills were previously at the bottom of the ocean.
就像澳大利亚的鲨鱼湾
Like at Shark Bay in Australia,
在海水覆盖地球的地质时代
they are made of billions of plankton skeletons,
大量浮游生物尸骨堆积成了这些岛
piled up in the geological era when the ocean covered the planet.
海水消退后
With the receding of the waters,
被水蚀刻的岩石形成错综复杂的墓地
erosion sculpted the rock into an elaborate graveyard,
1500座化石构成的岛屿犹如迷宫一般
a labyrinth of 1 ,500 islands of fossilised plankton.
四王群岛
The Raja Ampat Archipelago
是物种丰富区的中心地带
is at the heart of a region rich in biodiversity.
有1400种鱼类生活在这里
Fourteen hundred species of fish live here,
还有四分之一的海洋物种
and a quarter of all marine species.
当遇上这些新生的岛屿时
Coming into contact with these emerging lands,
一些浮游生物或是厌倦了疲惫与饥饿
probably struggling against exhaustion and hunger,
结束了流浪 定居于此
some plankton abandoned nomadic life and settled here.
这是5亿年前的事
That was 500 million years ago.
这是海洋里的革命
A revolution in the ocean.
这些浮游生物创造了珊瑚礁
This family of plankton created the coral reefs.
白天我们很难见到珊瑚
Coral is a creature we rarely actually see by day.
我们白天所见到的只是
What we see in the daytime
保护珊瑚的钙质骨骼
is the calcareous skeleton which serves as its shelter,
这是一种类似树状的骨骼
a skeleton that resembles a tree, branches or leaves.
为了在这片营养匮乏的水域生存
To survive in these waters scarce in nutrients,
珊瑚庇护着一种 靠光合作用为生的藻类
coral shelters an alga within it which feeds by day on sunlight.
藻类也成为珊瑚生长的推动力
The algae have thus become the driving force of the construction,
孜孜不倦地抢占着阳光最强的位置
aiming to occupy the best place in the sun.
每株珊瑚每年生长数毫米
Each coral struggles against its neighbours to gain more light
以此与邻居争夺阳光
at the speed of a few millimetres per year.
这片石化森林
This petrified forest
是地球海洋里物种最丰富的生态系统
is the most densely populated ecosystem on the ocean planet.
这是名副其实的海底绿洲
A veritable oasis.
既可隐匿于此 也可狩猎于此
You can hide here, and hunt here.
一切生命都有自己的领地
Each has its own territory.
生命的构造都各尽其用
Everything about life here is organised.
连鱼身上的色彩都能作伪装或迷惑用
Even the colours of the fish represent camouflage or seduction.
这里就像一个海底都市 生物不停涌入
Like a marvellous marine city, crowds pour in through the gates.
为了摆脱寄生虫它们不远万里而来
They come from far away to get rid of their parasites
只有这里能有足够多的物种来满足需求
because only the reef offers enough diversity to guarantee that kind of service.
数百万年的进化让各种生物
Millions of years of evolution have enabled each species
在这珊瑚都市中各得其所 各尽其职
to find a place and a role in this coral metropolis.
蝎子鱼伪装自己
The scorpion fish camouflages itself,
蜘蛛蟹身上布满了贝壳
while the spider crab lets itself be colonised by shellfish
使它静止时近乎隐形
and becomes invisible when motionless.
你也可以隐匿
Or you can hide.
在每座海底都市 生命活动都是非自发的
As in every cosmopolitan city, life in the reef is not spontaneous.
如果你不想成为他人的盘中餐
There are codes, rules of social life to be respected
就要遵守这里的社交规则
if you don’t want to end up in your neighbour’s stomach.
这些章鱼让隐匿成为了艺术
Concealment becomes an art for these octopi,
它们能够变换皮肤颜色和结构
capable of changing the colour and structure of their skin
来迷惑敌人
to deceive their attackers.
尽管这种集体生活存在风险
Despite the risks of this collective existence,
很多物种还是将珊瑚礁作为了栖息地
many species use the reef as a nursery.
在海洋中
Of all the ocean,
珊瑚礁仍然是安家的最佳选择
it is still the place that offers the best chance for raising a family.
为了防止其他鱼类将卵吃掉