以性为本

65 years ago,
如果我的女儿想找一份工作
it would have been unimaginable
都将是困难重重的
that my daughter would aspire to a career.
而放到一百年前
And a hundred years ago…
我甚至都没有权利站在这里
I would not have the right to stand before you.
一共有178项法律
There are 178 laws that differentiate
涉嫌性别歧视 数数吧
on the basis of sex. Count them.
政♥府♥都好心为您们整理好了
The government did the favor of compiling them for you.
到时如果您们也被写在里面
And while you’re at it…
我真心建议您们去读一读
I urge you to read them.
这些都是我们孩子未来道路上的荆棘
They’re obstacles to our children’s aspirations.
你是在要求我们推♥翻♥一个世纪以来的先例
You’re asking us to overturn nearly a century of precedent.
我是在要求你开创一个新的先例
I’m asking you to set a new precedent,
正如法♥院♥修改过时的法律一样
as courts have done before when the law is outdated.
但修宪时
But in those cases, the courts had
法♥院♥有明确的宪♥章♥指引
a clear constitutional handle.
女性这个词甚至
The word “woman” does not appear even once
一次都没有出现在宪法中
in the U.S. Constitution.
自♥由♥这个词也一样 法官大人
Nor does the word “freedom,” Your Honor.
继续说
Go on…
金斯伯格教授
Professor Ginsburg.
第214条法的原意
The principal purpose of Section 214
并不是保护女性
is not to protect women
也不是歧视男性
nor to discriminate against men.
它只是为看护人提供了
It is to provide caregivers the opportunity
离家工作的机会
to work outside the home.
因此 正如最高法♥院♥在莱维诉路易斯安那州案一样
Therefore, as the Supreme Court did in Levy v. Louisiana,
当庭也应修改法律
this court should fix the law
使其更符合立法意图
most in line with the legislative intent.
将减税权延伸覆盖到未婚男性
Extend the deduction to never-married men.
平等帮助所有看护人
Help all caregivers equally.
查尔斯·摩里兹正是那种我们希望自己的儿子们
Charles Moritz was well-raised to be the sort of man
所成为的有教养的人
we should all hope our sons will become.
他值得我们的尊敬
Charlie deserves our admiration.
不仅仅因为
Not only has he taken on the burden
在没有人要求的情况下
of caring for his very strong-willed mother
他承担了照顾他坚持己见的母亲的重任
when no one would expect it of him,
更是因为 他的行为
but in doing so, he has surpassed the limitations
超越了我们每个人和每条法
the rest of us and our laws
所要求他做的
seek to force upon him.
我们并不是要求您们改变国家
We’re not asking you to change the country.
改变国家并不需要法♥院♥的许可
That’s already happened without any court’s permission.
我们是在恳求您们保住这个国家改变的权利
We’re asking you to protect the right of the country to change.
我们的子女们
Our sons and daughters are barred by law
正因法律对他们能力的所谓假定
from opportunities based on assumptions
而被各种机遇拒之门外
about their abilities.
如果第214条法就这么成立了
How will they ever disprove these assumptions
他们将如何站出来否定这些假定
if laws like Section 214 are allowed to stand?
无论要花多少精力 我们都必须
We all must take these laws on,
一条一条地将这些法令修正
one by one, for as long as it takes,
为了法律自身 也为了孩子们
for their sakes.
您们有权开创这个先例
You have the power to set the precedent
以让我们就此开始这项宏伟的工程
that will get us started.
您们有权勘误和正♥法♥
You can right this wrong.
我方对于本案的简述和论证完毕
We rest our case on our briefs and argument,
并恳请
and ask…
法♥院♥撤销相应判决
that you reverse the tax court’s decision.
琪琪
Kiki！
真是太完美了
That was perfect.
– 太完美了 – 谁输谁赢还不知道呢
– That was perfect. – We don’t even know who won.
不重要了 你说的没错
Doesn’t matter. It was right.
这还只是个开始
This is just the beginning.
我要自个儿偷着乐去了
I’m gonna go gloat.
– 马丁 谢谢你 – 不用谢 查尔斯
– Martin. Thank you. – Of course, Charles.
简
Jane.
鲁斯 我
Ruth, I…
– 我们再联络 – 好
– We’ll be in touch. – Yeah.
你做到了
You did it.
我们做到了
We did it.
噢 我觉得我们不如
Oh, and I say we celebrate
庆祝一番吧 接上詹姆斯去吃披萨
and go pick up James and get some pizza.
丹佛第十巡回上诉法♥院♥一致通过了撤销税务法庭的裁决，
并且决定查尔斯·摩里兹有权享有看护人减税。
接下来我们将受理
We’ll hear arguments next
编号♥4 里德诉里德案
in number four, Reed against Reed…
接下来是 呃 编号♥71-1694
…next in, uh, 71-1694,
弗朗蒂洛诉莱尔德
Frontiero against Laird.
温伯格诉维森费尔德
…Weinberger against Wiesenfeld.
卡恩诉Shell石油
…Khan against Shell.
摩里兹诉国税局主任案和里德诉里德案成为了
首批公开宣称性别歧视是违宪的联邦案件
爱德华兹诉希利人等
…Edwards against Healy and others.
金斯伯格女士
Mrs. Ginsburg.
尊敬的首席法官
Mr. Chief Justice,
及庭上
and may it please the court.
根据判例第404卷 法庭之友认为本案与里德诉里德案类似
Amicus views this case as kin to Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S.
将性别标准只用于限制女性工作时长
The sex criterion stigmatizes
是对其标签化的行为
when it is used to limit hours of work for women only.
它推定所有女性都
It assumes that all women are preoccupied
一心扑在家庭和孩子上
with home and children.
这些区分对待有一个共同的影响
These distinctions have a common effect.
即将女性永远困在了
They help keep woman in her place,
劣于男性的地位
a place inferior to that occupied by men.
法律必须停止使用性别
The law must stop using sex
作为功能性描述的缩略形式
as a shorthand for functional description.
判决明令禁止法令法规
The judgment enjoins enforcement of the statute
对于性别进行强制区分对待
insofar as it discriminates on the basis of sex.
这种法律素质产生的实际影响
…practical effect, laws of this quality
并非支持女性
help to keep women not on a pedestal,
而是困囿女性
but in a cage.
萨拉·格林姆基说过
Sarah Grimké said, “I ask no favor for my sex.
我并不是要求基于我的性别给予优待
“All I ask of our brethren
只是求求我的同胞们 别再踩在我们脖子上了
is that they take their feet off our necks.”
鲁斯·巴德·金斯伯格参与组织了美国民权联盟的女权计划
由于在最高法♥院♥的赫赫战绩
她也成为了当年性别权利案件的先锋律师
马丁·金斯伯格成为了美国最优秀的税务律师之一
同时也是乔治城大学法学院一名受人爱戴的教授
2010年 在和鲁斯56周年结婚纪念日后的几天 他因癌症不幸逝世
简·金斯伯格于1980年毕业于哈佛法学院
现于哥伦比亚大学任职教授
詹姆斯·金斯伯格是一名古典音乐人
也是席德乐唱片公♥司♥的创始人
1993年6月14日
鲁斯·巴德·金斯伯格被委任至联邦最高法♥院♥
参议院同意委任她的选票为 96-3