以性为本

Well, that is the case in every family I know.
所以问题是出在法律推定
So it’s the assumption that’s the problem.
那么法律该何时
Then when can a law differentiate
对性别加以区分呢 还是不区分呢
on the basis of sex? Never?
当分类是合乎法理的情况下
When the classification rationally relates to the law.
拿女性不应参战来举例子吧
Keeping women out of combat, for example.
恐怕我不能认同这个例子
I’m not sure whether I agree with that example…
噢 所以你觉得女性也应奔赴前线吗
Oh, so you think women belong on the front lines now, too?
不 那不是我所
No, that’s not what…
性别和种族一样
Gender, like race,
是一项不可改变的生理特征
is a biological, unalterable trait.
没有什么事情是女性天生就比男性擅长的
There is nothing that women are inherently better at than men,
反之亦然
nor vice versa.
女性也能长胡子吗
Growing a beard?
呃 那
Well, that’s…
男性也不能哺乳
Lactation.
任何一个能够思考的人
No thinking person could possibly imagine
都不会将查尔斯·摩里兹的性别
that Charles Moritz’s gender relates
和他的能力联♥系♥到…
to his abilit…
为什么不能呢 金斯伯格女士
Why can’t we, Mrs. Ginsburg?
在大多数家庭中 难道不都是女性执掌家务
In most households, aren’t women the primary caregivers?
而男性外出赚钱吗
Aren’t men the breadwinners?
不是吗
Aren’t they?
对于大多数家庭来说 是的 法官大人
Most households, yes, Your Honor.
这样的现实分工
Doesn’t that reality suggest
难道不正是自然规律之类的映射吗
that that’s the natural order of things?
尊敬的法官大人 现在
Respectfully, Your Honors, I’d like to reserve
我将把时间交给对方律师
the remainder of my time for rebuttal.
我可能没怎么搞懂 现在是怎么个形势
Not sure I followed that. H-How are we doing?
没关系
It’s okay.
还没完呢
It’s not over yet.
辩护律师伯扎斯先生
Mr. Bozarth for the appellee,
– 你可以开始了 – 记得
– you may proceed. – Don’t let them forget
把这场审理拉回正轨
what this case is really about.
没什么大问题
You’ll be fine.
啊 是伯扎斯啊
Ah, Bozarth.
引证专家啊
The, uh, master of citations.
我的家人也是这么叫我的 法官大人
That’s what my family calls me, too, Judge.
尊敬的法官大人及庭上
Your Honors, and may it please the court.
国会编撰了减税法
Congress created this tax deduction
以帮助看护人外出工作
to help caregivers go out and work.
所谓看护人
Caregivers.
即没有工作就只能呆在家的人
Folks that, if they weren’t working, would stay home.
那么 我们现在是要相信
Now, are we meant to believe that this man
这个男人有能力
would have the skill
或者甚至有做看护人的天分吗
or even the caregiver’s instinct to do that?
我们为什么不能相信
Why can’t we believe that?
为什么一名未婚女性有那样的天分
Why does an unwed woman have that instinct
而一名未婚男性 或者说鳏夫
but not an unwed man?
则没有这样的天分呢
Or a widower, for that matter?
这样说吧 尊敬的法官大人
Well, respectfully, Judge Doyle,
一名鳏夫无法选择是否成为一名看护人
a widower doesn’t choose to be a caregiver.
而是迫于压力
It’s thrust upon them.
而至于女性
And as for women,
并不需要任何合法♥论♥述
it doesn’t take a legal treatise
就能证明人类社会千百年来
to prove what a hundred thousand years
所做的这个决定是正确的
of human history has made indelibly clear.
那么国会难道就不能
And Congress can write
把这个自然法则写进税法吗
the tax code to enforce this natural law?
国会能在税法中想写什么写什么
Congress can write whatever tax code it wants.
法官大人 我想说的是
All I’m saying, Judge,
鉴于如此的自然规律
is that given the natural order of things,
这个男人 摩里兹先生 并没有因此损失什么
this man, Mr. Moritz, hasn’t suffered as a result.
但如果法♥院♥不做出对被告有利的判决
But the country will suffer
那么受损的将是整个国家
if the court doesn’t find for the appellee.
法官大人 我笃定在场没有一位男性
Your Honors, I am certain there isn’t a man among us
不想尽可能减轻他妻子的负担
who wouldn’t try to ease his wife’s burdens.
那么如果国会成员也这么想
So I don’t see how we can judge negatively
我也不认为我们应该对此加以贬低
the members of Congress who would do the same.
我也并不是没来由地这么说
And I’m not alone in that.
法♥院♥在受理此类案件上
There is a long and honorable tradition in the courts
有着悠久崇高的历史
of upholding laws like this one.
我个人而言甚至不得不说
I, for one, would rather see my government err
我们的政♥府♥所犯的错在于
on the side of caring too much…
过于关照且过于帮助
…of trying too hard
这个国家的女性了
to help the ladies of this country,
而不是错在区别对待她们不可分担的重任
rather than to be indifferent to their unique burdens.
这一点或许摩里兹先生不甚同意
Now, maybe Mr. Moritz disagrees.
或者他只是不想纳税
Or maybe he just doesn’t like paying taxes.
当然 我个人并不这么认为
Personally, I don’t believe that.
我相信查尔斯·摩里兹是一名受害者
I believe that Charles Moritz is a victim.
施害的并不是他的政♥府♥
Not of his government,
而是那些想要通过他的案子
but of the lawyers who have used his case
来达到自己目的的律师们
to achieve their own ends.
社会激变啊
Radical social change.
我方对于本案的简述和论证完毕
We rest our case on our briefs and argument,
并恳请法♥院♥作出相应判决
and ask that the court uphold the tax court’s decision.
谢谢
Thank you.
控方律师
Counsel for the appellant,
你有四分钟时间进行反驳
you have four minutes for rebuttal.
控方律师
Counsel for the appellant?
律师
Counselor.
社会激变啊
“Radical social change.”
我在法学院念书的时候 学校没有女性浴室
When I was in law school, there was no women’s bathroom.
现在想想我们当时毫无怨言真是神奇
It’s amazing to me now that we never complained.
并不是我们有多怯懦
Not because we were timid; we were just astounded
我们对自己还能呆在法学院就已经很吃惊了
to be in law school at all.
一百年前 麦拉·布拉德薇尔想要成为一名律师
A hundred years ago, Myra Bradwell wanted to be a lawyer.
她达到了伊利诺伊州的
She had fulfilled the requirements
司法考试的要求
for the Illinois bar,
但被拒考了
but she wasn’t allowed to practice
原因是她是一个女人
because she was a woman.
正出于此她要求最高法♥院♥出面裁决
An injustice she asked the Supreme Court to correct.
伊利诺伊州对胜诉自信满满
Illinois was so confident of victory,
甚至都没有请律师为自己辩护
they didn’t even send a lawyer to argue their side.
果然
They were right.
她败诉了
She lost.
这是有史以来第一次
That was the first time someone went to court
挑战性别的既定角色的案例
to challenge his or her prescribed gender role.
一百多年前啊
A hundred years ago.
社会
“Radical… social…
激变了啊
change.”
65年前 俄勒冈州的女性
65 years ago, when women in Oregon
想要延长工作时长为了和男性一样赚取更多酬劳
wanted to work overtime and make more money,
法♥院♥参考了布拉德薇尔案的先例
as men could, the court looked to the precedent in Bradwell
拒绝了她们
and said no.
于是就产生了第二个先例
So then there were two precedents.
然后是第三个 第四个 无穷无尽
Then three, then four, and on and on,
这样的历史从麦拉·布拉德薇尔
and you can draw a direct line
一路继承下来直到十年前
from Myra Bradwell to Gwendolyn Hoyt,
格温德琳·霍伊特案
told ten years ago
她无权加入陪审团
she was not entitled to a jury of her peers.
这就是历史的遗产
That is the legacy
这就是政♥府♥让您们维护的东西
the government asks you to uphold today.
您们迫不及待地想要
You are being urged to protect the culture
保护文化 维护传统 保全人伦
and traditions and morality
而统统这些已经不再继承到任何一个美国人身上了
of an America that no longer exists.
就在上一代人
A generation ago,
我的学生们会因为穿的衣服
my students would have been arrested for indecency
而被以不正当之名逮捕
for wearing the clothes that they do.
放在65年前