以性为本

Yes, well, I’m sure
这个我们肯定可以安排妥当
we can manage to arrange that.
以及 他希望政♥府♥承认
And he’d like the government to concede
他是清白的
that he did nothing wrong.
并在法庭记录中承认
And enter into the court record
税法第214条包含了
that Section 214 of the tax code
对于性别的歧视对待
discriminates on the basis of sex
并且承认其是违宪的
and is therefore unconstitutional.
这个我不同意
I can’t agree to that.
你也知道我不会同意
And you know it.
梅尔·伍尔夫知道吗
Does Mel Wulf know about this?
那我们法庭上见
Then we’ll see you in court.
谢谢 先生们
Thank you, gentlemen.
很高兴与你们会面
It was a pleasure.
尊敬的法官大人
Your Honors…
及庭上 请允许我
and may it please the court.
法官大人 以及
Your Honors, and may it…
税法第214条
Section 214 of the tax code.
税法第214条
Section 214 of the tax code.
尊敬的法官大人
Your Honors…
及庭上 请允许我
and may it please the court.
早上好
Good morning.
你准备好了
You’re ready for this.
你为此准备了一辈子
You’ve been ready for this your whole life.
让法官们见识见识
So go in there and let the judges see
我所知道鲁斯 金斯伯格
the Ruth Ginsburg I know.
– 哦 布朗教授 – 马蒂
– Oh, Professor Brown. – Marty.
– 见到你真好 – 见过我们的女儿简
– Good to see you. – You remember our daughter Jane.
– 查理 – 早上好
– Charlie. – Good morning.
– 你肯定是简了 – 很高兴见到您 摩里兹先生
– You must be Jane. – Nice to meet you, Mr. Moritz.
– 金斯伯格先生 – 噢不 我是梅尔·伍尔夫
– Mr. Ginsburg. – No, uh, Mel Wulf.
– 我是美国民权联盟的 – 您说的是我 我是金斯伯格先生
– ACLU. – That’s me. I’m Mr. Ginsburg.
– 很高兴见到你 我是查尔斯 – 我的荣幸
– Nice to meet you, Charles. – My pleasure.
我们还是站在这儿了
Well, here we are.
全体起立
All rise.
美国上诉法♥院♥第十巡回法庭
The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
现在正式开庭
is now in session.
由多伊尔法官 霍洛威法官及多尔蒂法官主持审理
Judges Doyle, Holloway and Daugherty presiding.
请入座
Be seated.
你有几个世纪以来的成功案例为你撑腰
You have a century of case law on your side.
做你该做的
Just do your job.
首先审理的是
The first case is
备审案件编号♥71-1127
docket number 71-1127.
查尔斯·摩里兹诉国税局主任
Charles Moritz v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
诉讼双方将各有30分钟进行陈词
Each side will have 30 minutes to present.
当剩余两分钟时 法庭书♥记♥员将会
When two minutes remain, the court clerk will rise
起身示意 时间结束时他将坐下示意
to give warning; when your time is up, he will sit.
上诉律师金斯伯格先生
Counsel for the appellant,
你可以开始了
Mr. Ginsburg, you may proceed.
尊敬的法官大人及庭上 早上好
Good morning, Your Honors, and may it please the court.
今天我方将论证
Today we are going to demonstrate
联邦税法第214条中
that Section 214 of the U.S. tax code
不公正的歧视对待侵犯了我方当事人
unfairly discriminates against our client,
查尔斯·摩里兹先生
Mr. Charles Moritz,
因为他是一个男人
because he is a man.
国会假定了
Congress assumed that
看护人人员极大可能是一位女性
a caregiver is most likely a woman.
真的如此有失偏颇吗
Is that so unreasonable?
如果法律表明所有的看护人都有权利享受税收减免
If the law says all caregivers are entitled to a deduction,
并且法律编纂者在心中也认为
and if the writers, in the back of their mind,
这只适用于女性
thought, well, this will only apply to women,
那这就会成为一种假定
then that would be an assumption.
但是这已经远远不止是一种假定了 法官
But they went farther than that, Judge.
编纂者明确列出了谁有资格成为看护人
They explicitly list who qualifies as a caregiver.
的确 这是他们的特权所在
As is their prerogative.
但是 法官大人 我相信
Yes, but, Judge, I doubt that you would turn
如果法律只规定看护人是白人 那么您们也不会置若罔闻了
the same blind eye if it said only white caregivers.
噢 这两件事可不能相提并论
Oh, that’s hardly the same thing.
我方持相反意见
Respectfully, we disagree.
接下来我将交给我的协理律师
I’m gonna turn it over to my cocounsel,
来向大家陈述宪法问题
who will discuss the constitutional questions…
你是在告诉我们种族与性别是同等性质的吗
You’re telling us that race and gender are the same?
我的协理律师将
My cocounsel…
我知道 我们过会儿将会给她时间
Yes, yes, we’ll get to her in a minute.
但我现在希望你回答我的问题
But I’d appreciate an answer to my question.
对于一项有性别歧视的法律来说
In order for a law to discriminate,
它一定是专断地区别了不同的群体
it must distinguish between groups arbitrarily.
是这样吗
Is that correct?
我的协理律师将会
My cocounsel will…
金斯伯格先生
Mr. Ginsburg.
我问的是你
I have asked you.
是的 它肯定有所专断
It must be arbitrary. Yes.
并且在本案中 我方认为确有此事
And in this case, we believe the law is.
摩里兹先生从未结婚
Mr. Moritz is a man who never married.
未婚身份免除了他
That may make him less likely
承担抚育义务
to have child care responsibilities,
而非赡养义务
but not parent care responsibilities.
– 而如果他是个女性 – 所以你认为
– And had he been a woman… – And to your mind,
此类职业分类总是带有歧视性的吗
classifications of this kind must always be discriminatory?
这对我们有帮助 他在要求他
There’s some help. He’s asking him
承认自己的分类论证是空泛的
to make a broad categorical claim.
我不能说总是 法官大人
I can’t speak to always, Judge.
我只是针对本案及其当事人进行阐述
I can only speak to this case and this man.
好吧
Very well.
谢谢您
Thank you.
那阐述吧
Then speak of him.
重申 我方当事人摩里兹先生
Again, the only distinction between our client, Mr. Moritz,
和其他任何看护人的唯一区别
and any other caregiver, in Judge Daugherty’s words,
用多尔蒂法官的话来说 就是专断性
is arbitrary.
谢谢您
Thank you,
我将把剩余的时间留给我的协理律师
and I cede the remainder of my time to my cocounsel.
尊敬的法官大人
Your Honors…
你准备好了可以随时开始 金斯伯格女士
Whenever you’re ready, Mrs. Ginsburg.
尊敬的法官大人及庭上
Your Honors, and may it please the court.
第214条
Section 214
否认了摩里兹先生作为一名看护人
denies Mr. Moritz a caregiver tax deduction
享有和女性看护人同等的减税政策
available to similarly situated women…
是的是的 我们知道了 我们刚说了
Yes, yes, we’ve… we’ve been through all that.
呃 金斯伯格女士 你知道
Uh, Mrs. Ginsburg, you are aware
政♥府♥有三个同等地位的部门 是吗
that the government has three coequal branches?
– 金斯伯格女士？ – 是的 我当然知道 法官大人
– Mrs. Ginsburg? – Yes, of course, Your Honor.
那你知道国会的功能就是撰写法律吗
And that it is the Congress’s role to write law?
法官大人 我清楚政♥府♥的运作
Your Honor, I understand how government works.
放轻松 鲁斯
Take it easy, Ruth.
其实 有时候一项法律 甚至一条好的法律
Well, uh, sometimes a law, even a good law,
或者是一条只在宪♥章♥下生效的法律
even a law that is legal under the Constitution,
对每个公民个体来说可能并不都是好的
may not be good for every individual it affects.
我有一个疑问
I have a question.
如果我理解正确的话
If I understand correctly,
你是在担心法律会根据性别
you’re concerned about men and women being pigeonholed
来划定人的社会分工吗
into certain roles based on gender.
是的 您理解的没错
Yes, that’s correct.
– 因为 – 打断一下
– Because… – Excuse me.
那不是我要问的
Uh, that wasn’t my question.
令我吃惊的是看护人减税案
It strikes me that the caregiver deduction
实则恰恰相反
does the opposite.
它让女性得以外出工作
It helps women be able to work outside the home.
这难道不是一件好事吗
Isn’t that a good thing?
但是法律在先前就认定
But the law assumes it must be the woman
女性应该呆在家里
who is supposed to be at home in the first place.
确实 我所知的每个家庭都是这样