夜幕会降临（2014）

波兰坏透了，对犹太人而言坏透了
It was so bad in Poland, so bad for Jews.
“我要回波兰吗？可我要去哪儿呢？”
“Do I want to go back to Poland? But where do I go?”
而我在这个时候听到了
And I heard about at this time
巴勒斯坦，以色列
about Palestine, about Israel,
然后我说：“那是我的希望”
and I said, “Those are my hopes. ”
在五月，六月和七月期间
‘During May, June and July,
大量的犹太幸存者，忽视英国政♥府♥的意见
‘many Jewish survivors, ignoring the views of the British government,
前往巴勒斯坦
‘went to Palestine,
他们发现自己要么回头要么拘禁在营里
‘where they found themselves either turned back or interned in camps.
幸存者的情况是变化迅速的
‘The situation of the survivors was a complicating element
政♥治♥环境中一个复杂的因素
‘in a rapidly changing post-war political climate. ‘
你看，所谓希区柯克的电影
Look, the so-called Hitchcock film
或伯恩斯坦的电影
or the Bernstein film,
制♥作♥得别出心裁
was made with the best of intentions.
并在某个特别时分成为政♥治♥上的不便
And at a given point became a political inconvenience.
它会引起强烈的同情
It would have evoked strong sympathy
对一般观看这部电影的人来说
on the part of the average person seeing the film,
做些帮助这些人的事情
of doing something to help these people
无疑这部融合了希区柯克才华的电影
and certainly film that was put together with the genius of a Hitchcock
会削弱他们自己的政♥治♥立场
would undermine their own political position.
此时此刻，英国人已经与犹太人有着诸多的问题
At this time, the Brits had enough problems with the Jews already.
于是
And…
假设，如果你向人们放映这部电影
given that, if you show people this movie,
也许大家可能会说：“为什么英国人不让这些人
maybe people would say, “Why did the British not let these people,
遭受了这么多的人，拥有他们的土地呢”
“who suffered so much, have their land? ”
英国战时的同盟
‘Britain’s wartime coalition
正面临着其他，更为严重的问题
‘was confronting other, more major problems.
被击败摧毁，在同盟国之间分♥裂♥开的德国
‘A defeated and destroyed Germany, divided among the allies,
现在变成了战胜国承担的责任
‘had now become the responsibility of the victors.
作为参与重建工作最为主要的国家
‘As the nation most heavily involved in the task of reconstruction,
英国并不是急着进一步地疏离德国人
‘Britain was anxious not to further alienate the German people,
这些帮助将至关重要
‘whose help would be vital.
此外
‘Furthermore,
伴随着冷战迹象的出现
‘with hints of what would become known as the Cold War appearing,
德国现在被视为未来潜在的
‘Germany was now seen as a potential future ally
对抗苏联的盟友
‘against the Soviet Union. ‘
被占领的德国地域上的罪证
The evidence on the ground in occupied Germany,
在美英双方区域里
both in the American and British sectors,
都意味着这些德国人
was indicating that the Germans
已经被他们的罪行信息所轰炸
had already been so bombarded with the message of their guilt…
此时就不再需要这样的电影了
…that there’s no need for a film like this any longer at this time.
美国，不管怎样，依然热衷于在德国放映短片
‘America, however, was still keen to show a shorter film in Germany
并逐渐对伯恩斯坦缓慢的进展变得不耐烦
‘and had grown impatient with Bernstein’s slow progress.
跟好莱坞导演比利·怀尔德秘密的会谈
‘There were secret talks with Hollywood director Billy Wilder,
他本人是来自纳粹奥地利的难民
‘himself an Austrian refugee from the Nazis,
目的是将这部电影从伦敦带走
‘with a view to taking the film away from London.
六月下旬，一位美国心理战争部的资深人士
‘In late June, a senior American in the Psychological Warfare Division,
写了一封保密的备忘录给他在华盛顿的上司
‘wrote a confidential memo to his superior in Washington,
建议伯恩斯坦团队
‘suggesting that the Bernstein team
“应当减少所有增加负担的图像
“should be relieved of all further responsibility for the picture.
“我们相信伯恩斯坦先生
“It is our belief that Mr Bernstein
“可以减少他手中占有的这些图像
“would be relieved to have the picture taken off his hands.
“而现在比利·怀尔德与我们，将接替这项工作
“And now that Billy Wilder is with us, we are prepared to take over the job.
“他将被任命为这部电影的制片以及总监”
“He would be appointed producer and also supervising director for the film. ”
美国人的参与
The involvement of the Americans
好像是结束于45年的六月
seems to have come to an end at the end of June ’45
当时他们真的很愤怒英国人毫无进展
when they’d really become exasperated that the British were getting nowhere.
因此他们退出了
So they withdrew,
接着他们让比利·怀尔德制♥作♥了一部
and subsequently they carried on making a much shorter film
更短的影片
directed by Billy Wilder,
最后在他们的占领区内发行上映
which was eventually released in their own sector.
电影叫作<死亡工厂>
The film was called “Death Mills”.
题材类似
The subject matter was similar,
但处理的方法两部电影是截然不同的
but the treatment of these two films was entirely different.
英国的，伯恩斯坦的电影
The British film, Bernstein’s film,
是部具有艺术形式的电影
was an artistically shaped film
有着更深刻的用意
with a much profounder message
人类必须注意到发生的是什么
that humanity must take note of what had happened.
这部美国电影更多是一部虚张声势的短片
The American film was a much more hectoring short film,
简单地指责了德国人所犯的这些罪恶
which simply accused the Germans of having committed these crimes.
在贝尔森我们抓住了营长约瑟夫·克莱默
‘At Belsen we caught the Camp Commander Josef Kramer,
贝尔森的野兽
‘the Beast of Belsen.
男人或女人
‘Men or women,
他们都是纳粹的精英，服从于希姆莱
‘they were the Nazi elite, Himmler’s own.
强壮的女人变成了纳粹的杀手
‘Amazons turned Nazi killers
残忍♥地用鞭子，熟练地拷打和折磨
‘were merciless in the use of the whip, practised in torture and murder.
比男人更凶残
‘Deadlier than the male.
当盟军逼近
‘When allied armies approached,
纳粹分子总会设法将他们的囚犯驱赶到别的地方
‘the Nazis often tried to rush their prisoners elsewhere.
数千人在拥挤的铁路卡车上窒息致死
‘Thousands were suffocated in overcrowded freight cars.
许多死去以及奄奄一息的人被扔进了水里
‘Many of the dead and the dying were flung into the water.
如果盟军行动过于迅速，纳粹分子还会尽全力杀害他们的囚犯
‘If the allies moved too rapidly, the Nazis attempted to kill their prisoners,
这样就没有目击他们罪行的证人被留下
‘so that no witnesses of their crimes were left behind.
在迈丹尼克，奥尔德鲁夫，以及许多的其他营地里
‘In Majdanek, in Ohrdruf, in many other camps,
数千人在解放之前就被杀害了
‘thousands were murdered just before liberation. ”
“我们必须尽可能给更多的德国人看到”
要是1945年
他们会说：“这是一个谎言
这些都是额外化的妆
这是好莱坞的…是犹太人做的”
但是我们到哪里去找他们呢？
他们只有皮肤和骨头啊！
让我们在维尔茨堡试映一下吧
就像他们在好莱坞试映一样
他们正与莉莲·哈维一起演出一幕轻歌♥剧
然后我说：“请别离开座位，来看看这个”
原来有500人的观众
最后，只剩大约75人
忽视掉围绕着他们转的政♥治♥问题
‘Ignoring the politics swirling around them,
伯恩斯坦团队持续了整个七月
‘Bernstein’s team carried on throughout July.
希区柯克到月底返回了好莱坞
‘At the end of the month Hitchcock returned to Hollywood.
八月四日，一份来自英国外♥交♥部♥的备忘录说道：
‘On August 4th, a memo arrived from the British Foreign Office saying…
“目前德国政策的整体方向
…”Policy at the moment in Germany is entirely in the direction
是鼓舞，激励
“of encouraging, stimulating
以及令德国人摆脱他们的冷漠
“and interesting the Germans out of their apathy,
还有人在总司令附近说
“and there are people around the Commander-in-Chief who will say,
不得有令人不适的影像”
“No atrocity film. ”
到了九月，剪辑已经停工
‘By September, the edit had been shut down.
那些未完成的影片，跟拍摄清单，摄影师的笔记
‘The unfinished film, together with shot lists, cameramen’s notes,
胶片的卷轴以及克罗斯曼完成的剧本的副本一起
‘reels of footage and a copy of Crossman’s completed script,
标记并归档
‘was labelled and filed away.
伯恩斯坦继续前行，穿越大西洋
‘Bernstein moved on, crossing the Atlantic,
与阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克开始电影的合作
‘to begin a feature-film partnership with Alfred Hitchcock.
伯恩斯坦对这部电影最后记载的笔记
‘Bernstein’s last recorded note on the film
是一封从好莱坞给剪辑彼得坦纳的信，说道：
‘was a letter from Hollywood to Peter Tanner, the editor, saying,
“总有一天你会意识到这是值得的”
“One day you will realise it has been worthwhile. ”
伯恩斯坦的纪录片被搁置了
‘Bernstein’s documentary was shelved.
但他那些用过的胶片卷轴仍然扮演着一个公众角色
‘But the reels of film that he’d used still had a public role to play.
1945年秋季，纳粹战犯的审判已经开始
‘In the autumn of 1945, the trials of Nazi war criminals began
检方发现了他们有一个全新且有力的证据来源
‘and the prosecutors found that they had a new and powerful source of evidence.
第一个审判的是指挥官克拉默
‘The first trial was that of Commandant Kramer
以及他在贝尔根·贝尔森的下属
‘and his staff at Bergen-Belsen.
克拉默被判战争罪并处以死刑
‘Kramer was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death.
曾在奥斯维辛与贝尔根·贝尔森都幸存下来
‘Anita, who had survived both Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen,
并出现在英国解放影像中的安妮塔
‘and who appeared in the British liberation footage,
是被传唤作为证人的其中之一
‘was one of those called upon to testify. ‘
我被请求到那里当证人于是我说：“是的，必须的”
I was asked to be a witness there and I said, “Yes, of course. ”
那里就像是在表演戏剧而我们要说
It was like a theatre performance and we said,
“还有人要为这些人辩护？他们疯了吗？”
“There are people defending these people? Are they crazy?
“你们看到这些罪行的…你们都看到了这些罪行”
“You see the crime… You see the crime. ”
在十一月末，“国际军事法庭”或称“IMT”
‘Later, in November, the International Military Tribunal or IMT
在纽伦堡开庭了
‘began in Nuremberg.
在这里，电影的片段也是证据的一部分
‘Here, too, film footage was part of the evidence. ‘
这肯定会增强控诉
It certainly bolstered the prosecution.
在IMT，我想人们一定注意到了那些影像
At the IMT, I think there’s no question that people paid attention to the films
并告知法庭上的人
and it informed people in the courtroom
在被告面前