漫威75年：从俚俗到全球（2014）

他在1972年准备自出版业退休
He was ready to retire as publisher of Marvel in 1972,
但在那之前 他有最后的任务
but before doing so, he had one last duty …
那就是任命继承者
to name a successor.
那个人成为负责人
The man was now in charge.
漫威在1970年代继续迅速成长
Marvel continued to grow rapidly throughout the 1970s,
斯坦·李在1978年任命具有前瞻性思维的故事编辑
and Stan Lee appointed the forward-thinking story editor
吉姆·舒特为主编
Jim Shooter as editor-in-chief in 1978
由他带领漫威进入下一个十年
to shepherd Marvel into the next decade.
1970年代
Come the 1970s,
这个产业全是跟我一样的年轻人
the industry was just filled with young kids like me
吉姆·斯大林 灭霸德克斯和科摩罗菈的艺术创作者
因为年长者都退休搬去佛罗里达州了
because all the older guys were retiring and going off to Florida.
赖瑞·哈玛 《金刚狼》作者
我是在1970年代初期加入漫威的
I did my first work for Marvel in the early ’70s.
我当时16还是17岁
I was about 16, 17 years old.
漫威在成长
Marvel was growing.
斯坦·李和阿奇·古德温在研究滑稽场面
Narrator: Stan Lee and Archie Goodwin are working out the schtick.
他们每个月的出版品从六本增加到23本
They were going from like 6 books a month to about 23.
坦白说 他们愿意雇用任何人
So, quite frankly, they were hiring anybody
只要你愿意搬来和会拿铅笔
who could come across the state line and hold a pencil.
那是个既神奇又古怪的地方
Goodwin: It was an amazing, weird place.
迪斯勒
我们当时做的某些事情
There were days we would do things
若换作今日 大概会被逮捕
where we’d probably be arrested if we tried doing them now.
莱恩·韦恩《金钢狼》的作者和共同创作者
我们只是在找乐子
Man: You know, it was like we’re just having fun,
他们愿意看看什么行得通
and they were willing to see what would work.
一切都在扩张
There was … everything was expanding.
制裁者产于美国历史非常晦暗的时期
Punisher came out of a very dark period in american history.
灭霸是我的宝贝
Thanos is my baby,
他是我第一个创造的角色
he was the first character I ever created.
他们提供我《铁拳侠》出月刊的机会
They offered me a monthly book … Iron Fist.
漫威扩张时
Shooter: When Marvel expanded
主题数量从10几个增加到50个
and the number of titles went from like around a dozen to 50,
吉姆·舒特 主编
斯坦亲力亲为每件事
Stan was doing everything.
吉姆·舒特当初是漫画界最年轻的人才
Jim Shooter had been one of the youngest guys in comics.
我想他从13岁起就开始画漫画
I think he was writing them when he was 13 years old.
我当时在找助理编辑所以我雇用了他
And I was looking for an assistant editor, and I hired him.
我先是开了双倍的薪水
First of all, I raised the rates … doubled them.
我之所以能那么做是因为漫画开始大卖♥♥
And I was able to get away with this ’cause we started selling some books.
那跟漫画销♥售♥的剧变相呼应
That does parallel with the radical shift in distribution for comics that happened
因为漫画开始直接被卖♥♥给漫画书店
when comics started being sold directly to hobby shops.
丹·巴克利 电视出版总裁
我第一次听说动漫展
The first time I heard of a comic-book convention
是很多年前的事了
was years and years ago,
规模不断扩大
and it just grew and it grew and it grew.
你现在有几本漫画书？你要如何处理它们？
Woman: How many comic books do you have now,
好好保存 直到它们变得很值钱
Keep them until they get, like, a lot … worth a lot of money.
漫画店和动漫展代表
Buckley: The stores and the conventions represented something that was,
你在斯坦身上看到的东西的延伸
in some ways, an extension of what you saw come out of Stan.
它们是聊天室
They were the chat rooms.
若从书包里拿出一本漫画开始在餐厅看
You know, it wasn’t cool to pull a comic book out of your bag
那一点也不酷
and read it in the lunch room.
我的小区有一间漫画店
Green: There was a comic-book store in my neighborhood.
那里变成我最爱去的地方和我的社区
That became my favorite place to be. That became my community.
因此那是漫威史上最具创造力的时期
As a result, we got sort of the most creative period out of Marvel
远超出杰克和斯坦刚起步时
short of when Jack and Stan really started the whole thing.
没有漫威不愿意尝试的事
There was nothing that Marvel really wouldn’t do.
砰
好莱坞没有找我们
Shooter: Well, it wasn’t so much that Hollywood came calling
而是我们主动去寻求机会
as that we were knocking on every door in Hollywood.
我们曾数度展开前景看好的企划
We started out, several times, on promising projects,
但却因种种原因而没有成功
and then, for one reason or another, they didn’t work out.
漫威漫画动画呈现
我们制♥作♥过好几部卡♥通♥
Lee: We did a lot of cartoons,
里面有浩克和钢铁侠
and they had the Hulk and they had Iron Man.
它们甚至还有主题曲 比如
They even had theme songs like,
他是浩克 脾气火爆魁梧的超级英雄
“he is a Hulky, kind of sulky, kind of bulky superhero.”
那个糟糕的蜘蛛侠节目 那个家伙
That terrible Spider-man show.
他的发型极具1970年代风格
A guy … his hair was very ’70s.
电视制♥作♥人决定改善产品
The TV people had decided to improve on the product.
可惜的是 他们当时没有
And unfortunately, they didn’t have
像今日那么先进的特效制♥作♥能力
the special-effects ability that they have today.
我记得有一部美国队长的电影
Shooter: I remember there was a Captain America movie.
我们都感到很期待
We were pretty excited about it,
他们把录像带寄给我们
and then they sent us a video tape.
结果令人非常失望 烂透了
It was so disappointing. It was so awful.
我觉得拍摄那种电影的人
I don’t think there was anybody who made any of those movies
都不是真的想拍很酷的漫画电影
who wanted to do, like, a really cool comic-book movie.
但最棒的事情是浩克登上了电视
But the best thing that happened was we got the Hulk on TV.
四 五十岁的人看到会觉得莫名其妙
As a 40-, 50-year-old man, you look at some of the stuff and go, “what?!”
当比尔·贝克比比戴上隐形眼镜
When Bill Bixby sort of put those contacts on,
突然间
and all of a sudden,
他化身成长得很像戴着丑假发的法瑞诺
the sort of bad-wigged Ferrigno came on there …
当八岁孩子看到那个时
When you are eight years old,
比如当时的我 那简直充满魔力
which is what I was watching it, it was magic.
1970年代晚期
As the 1970s came to a close,
动漫展开始蓬勃发展
conventions came to life
漫画店开始在全美如雨后春笋般出现
and retail stores began popping up across the country,
店里不只贩卖♥♥最新出版的漫画
selling not only new issues of comic books
更包括旧漫画和收藏品
but also back issues and collectibles.
舒特把漫威
Shooter ushered Marvel
带入快速成长的直销市场
right into the fast-growing
并且进入下一个十年
direct market and into the next decade.
《不可思议的Ｘ战警》
1980年代是很有趣的时代
The 1980s were a very interesting time,
因为反英雄角色纷纷出现
because what you saw was the emergence of the anti-hero,
先驱包括数个大名鼎鼎的开创性的漫画书创作人
pioneered by a number of very famous seminal comic-book creators …
阿兰·摩尔 弗兰克·米勒
Alan Moore, Frank Miller.
《超胆侠 不再是好好先生》
还有克里斯·克拉林蒙約翰·布萊恩跟沃尔特·西蒙森
And Chris Claremont and John Byrne and Walt Simonson.
突然间出现一群阅读那些精彩漫画长大的人
Suddenly you had a bunch of people raised on all those wonderful comics
他们长大了 可以开始画漫画
old enough to write those comics,
他们开始创作
and they started writing
真实血腥的成人漫威漫画
gritty, graphic, wonderfully grown-up Marvel Comics.
后来又有新艺术家加入 比如吉姆·李
Then you bring in an artist like Jim Lee,
罗伯·莱菲尔德 托德·麦克法兰
Rob Liefeld, Todd McFarlane.
这些创作者彻底颠覆超级英雄
Alonso: These were creators that took the superhero and sort of turned him on his head,
检视他们的缺点 那非常受欢迎
examined their flaws, and it was very popular.
当时像是制裁者和金钢狼的角色
What was happening is that characters like the Punisher and Wolverine
变得超级受欢迎
were just super popular,
不是因为社会风气败坏
not because it was a degradation of society or whatever …
因为我必须承认
because I just think, I got to tell you,
若我是个孩子
that I’m 7, 8, 9, 10 years old,
我看到有人♥大♥开杀戒
and I got a guy that’s gonna go out there and kick some “a.”
我会觉得那个人很酷
That guy’s cool to me.
漫画再次经历变化
Comics, you know, took another shift.
随着时间进入1980年代
As we go into the ’80s,
那是另一种层次的现实主义
it was just another level of realism.
我记得当时有许多人反映
Hama: I remember there was a lot of reaction
题材变得太黑暗
about “it’s getting too dark.”
热烈讨论就是最佳宣传
A lot of that flak was great flak.
一年内就有三本漫画书
I mean, you had three books within a year, graphic novels,
登上纽约时代杂♥志♥畅销排行版那是史上第一次
hit the New York Times bestseller list for the first time ever.
漫画产业当时蒸蒸日上
It was a time when the industry was really booming.
直销市场买♥♥得漫画越来越多
The direct market was buying more and more of everything.
这是漫画复苏的时代
Smith: This was an era of rediscovery of comics
漫画家就跟摇滚歌♥手一样
with the artist as rock star.
插图中发生的所有重要事情
Everything important that was happening in illustration
都发生在漫画中
was happening in comics.
那是漫威最赚钱的时期
Shooter: It was also Marvel’s most financially effective period.
漫威的销♥售♥终于超过DC
Marvel finally surpassed DC in sales.
我有一张漫威股票
I had a piece of Marvel stock,
我开心到不行
so I was like, “yes! Oh, my god!”