lament
基本释义
[noun] mourn (a person’s loss or death)
[名词] 哀悼（某人的逝世或死亡）
深入解读
Lament 是一个与许多常见单词诸如 filament （灯丝；细丝）、ornament （装饰；饰物）、 ligament （韧带）等有着相同结尾的单词，同时也与小站（微信公众号：田间小站）之前推送过的 latent 只隔中间一个字母不同，可以一并联想记忆。
该词于15世纪中期经古法语 lamenter （呻吟、悲悼）或者直接由拉丁语 lamentari （哀号、呻吟、哭泣、悲痛）进入英语，也是用来表示“哀悼、痛惜、为……悲痛”，常作正式用语使用，主要指大声、强烈或深切哀悼某人或某物的逝世或死亡，通常带有充满激情或过度夸张的言语，比如：
- 肯开始对其独子的死悲痛不已。
Ken began to lament the death of his sole son.
从这个概念出发， lament 常引申指“抱怨、悲叹、哀叹”，主要指对认为不满意、不合理或不公平的事情表示惋惜或失望，比如：
- 我体弱多病的祖母一如既往地哀叹当今社会世风日下。
My invalid grandmother, as usual, lamented the decline in moral standards in today’s society.
用作名词时， lament 除了相应表示“悲痛之情、哀叹、痛惜”外，还可以指“挽歌、哀诗、悼词”，也是常作正式用语使用，即为某人的死或某事物的结束而哀悼的歌曲、诗歌、音乐等，比如：
激动人心的末乐章可以看作是一首青春的挽歌。
The rousing finale can be interpreted as a lament for lost youth.
文学例句
After breakfast, the girls walked to Meryton to inquire if Mr. Wickham were returned, and to lament over his absence from the Netherfield ball.
吃过早饭，小姐们上麦里屯去打听韦翰先生回来了没有，同时为了他没有参加尼日斐花园的舞会而去向他表示惋惜。
出自19世纪英国小说家简·奥斯丁（Jane Austen）的代表作《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）。
外刊例句
- Smallpox was officially eradicated in 1980, and no one laments the fate of the virus that caused it; campaigns to save the virus that causes polio are thin on the ground.
天花在1980年被正式消灭，没有人为天花病毒的命运哀叹；也没见人发起过什么运动拯救导致小儿麻痹症的病毒。
——《经济学人》 - The impetus for the bill, which would give six-year visas to as many as 300,000 foreign high-tech workers a year, is the longstanding lament by business leaders that they cannot find the talent they need in the American labor market.
该法案将每年向多达30万名外国高技术工人发放为期六年的签证，其推动力来自商业领袖们长期以来对他们无法在美国劳动市场中找到所需人才的抱怨。
——《纽约时报》
常见短语
以下是关于 “lament” 的短语：
- Lament the loss: 哀悼损失
- Lament the tragedy: 哀叹悲剧
- Lament the past: 感叹过去
- Lament the injustice: 哀叹不公
- Lament the failure: 悲叹失败
- Lament the decline: 哀叹衰落
- Lament the absence: 悲叹缺席
- Lament the state of affairs: 哀叹事态
- Lament the condition: 哀叹状况
- Lament the decision: 悲叹决定
- Lament the consequences: 哀悼后果
- Lament the circumstances: 悲叹情况
- Lament the passing: 哀叹逝去
- Lament the tragedy: 哀叹悲剧
- Lament the pain: 悲叹痛苦
- Lament the misunderstanding: 悲叹误解
- Lament the loss of innocence: 哀悼失去纯真
- Lament the lack of progress: 悲叹缺乏进展
- Lament the state of the world: 哀叹世界状况
- Lament the passing of time: 哀叹时光流逝
- Lament the absence of love: 哀叹缺乏爱
- Lament the decline of values: 哀叹价值观的衰落
- Lament the destruction of nature: 哀叹对自然的破坏
- Lament the erosion of culture: 哀叹文化的侵蚀
- Lament the loss of tradition: 哀叹传统的丧失
- Lament the decline of morality: 哀叹道德的衰退
- Lament the absence of justice: 悲叹缺乏正义
- Lament the consequences of war: 哀叹战争的后果
- Lament the impact of poverty: 哀叹贫穷的影响
- Lament the destruction of heritage: 哀叹文化遗产的破坏
- Lament the loss of trust: 哀叹信任的丧失
- Lament the decline of education: 哀叹教育的衰退
- Lament the lack of opportunities: 哀叹机会的缺乏
- Lament the consequences of greed: 哀叹贪婪的后果
- Lament the betrayal of friendship: 哀叹友谊的背叛
- Lament the impact of climate change: 哀叹气候变化的影响
- Lament the loss of cultural heritage: 哀叹文化遗产的丧失
- Lament the decline of social values: 哀叹社会价值的衰退
- Lament the consequences of ignorance: 哀叹无知的后果
- Lament the erosion of human rights: 哀叹人权的侵蚀
同近义词
mourn: feel or show deep sorrow or regret for (someone or their death), typically by following conventions such as the wearing of black clothes
bemoan: express discontent or sorrow over (something)
bewail: express great regret, disappointment, or bitterness over (something)
