监守自盗

雷曼公司有很多架商务机
do you know about this? Yes.
你知道吗 知道
How many were there?
有多少架
Well, there were 6, including 767s.
有六架 包括几架波音767
They also had a helicopter.
他们还有一架直升机
I see. Isn’t that kind a lot of planes to have?
知道了 这么多飞机不嫌多吗
We deal with type A personalities,
我们同A型人格者打交道
and type A personalities know everything in the world.
他们对整个世界了如指掌
Banking became a pissing contest, you know
银行业变成了一场无聊的竞赛
mine is bigger than yours, that’s kind of stuff.
单纯的规模 数量上的竞赛
It was all men that ran it, incidentally.
而且是所有人都参与
$15 billions deals weren’t
一百五十亿的生意
large enough so we do $100 billion deals.
还是不够大 得做上千亿的生意
These people are risk takers, they’re impulsive.
那些人乐于冒险 浮躁冲动
That’s part of their behavior,
这是他们行为的一部分
part of their personality
也是他们人格的一部分
and that manifests outside of work as well.
在工作之余仍显露无遗
It’s quite typical for the guys
他们的典型行为包括
to go out, to go strip bars, to use drugs.
出门去脱衣舞俱乐部 滥用毒品
I see a lot of cocain use, a lot of use of prostitution.
我知道他们大量吸食可卡因 频繁招妓
Recently neuroscientists have done experiments
最近神经学家进行了一项实验
where they’ve taken individuals
他们将实验对象
put them into MRI machine and
置于核磁共振仪监测下
and they have them play game where the prize is money.
让他们玩以金钱作为奖赏的游戏
And they notice that when the subjects earn money
他们注意到 当实验对象赢钱时
the part of the brain that get stimulated
他们大脑中受刺激部位
is the same part that cocain stimulates.
和服用可卡因时受刺激部位是一样的
A lot of people feel they need to really participate in that behavior
很多人认为他们必须参与到这种行为当中
to make it to get promoted, to get recognized.
才能得到晋升 被人认同
According to a Bloomberg article
根据一篇彭博社的文章所说
business entertainment represents
商务应酬的花费
5% of revenue for New York derivatives brokers.
占到纽约衍生品经纪人收入的5%
and often includes strip clubs, prostitution, and drugs.
其中常包括脱衣舞吧 嫖娼和毒品的消费
A New York broker filed a lawsuit in 2007 against his firm
2007年 一位纽约经纪人对其公司提起诉讼
alleging he was required to retain prostitutes to entertain traders.
声称自己要花钱雇娼妓取悦交易人
There’s just a blatant disregard
这种行为
for the impact that their actions might have on,
可能对社会和家庭产生的影响
on society, on family
他们完全不以为意
They have no problem using a prostitute,
他们可以召妓
uh, and going home to their wife.
然后回家见妻子 毫不羞耻
How many customers?
你有多少客人
About 10,000 at that point in time.
那时候大概有一万多人
What fraction were from Wall Street?
有几成是来自华尔街的
Of the higher end clients, probably. 40 to 50 percent.
就高端客户 大概百分之四十到五十
And were all the major wall Street firms represented?
所有华尔街大公司的人都有吗
Goldman Sachs.
比如高盛
Lehman Brothers, yeah, they’re all in there.
雷曼兄弟 对 都有
Morgan Stanley was a little less of that.
摩根士丹利这方面稍微好一点
Uh, I think Goldman was, was pretty, pretty big with that.
我认为高盛则在这方面比较严重
A lot of clients would call me,
很多客人会打电话给我说
and say, can you get me a Lamborghini for the night for the girl?
今晚能不能给我的女伴弄部兰博基尼
These guys were spending corporate money.
他们花的都是公司的钱
I had many black cards from,
我这有很多张黑卡[高级信用卡]
you know, the various financial firms.
都是各个金融公司的户头
What’s happening is
情况一般都是这样
services are being charged to computer repair.
把这些费用写为电脑维修
Trading research, you know, consulting for market compliance.
贸易研究 还有市场监督咨询之类的
I just usually gave them a piece of letterhead,
我经常直接把发票抬头留给他们
and said, make your own invoice.
然后让他们想报什么自己写
So this pattern of behavior, you think,
也就是说 你认为这种行为模式
extends to the senior management of the firm.
可以延伸到公司高管身上
Absolutely does, yeah. I know for a fact that it does.
当然可以 据我所知 确实如此
It extends to the very top.
一直延伸到最高层
A friend of mine, who, who’s involved in a company
我一位朋友在一家公司工作
that has a big financial presence,
他们公司有大型金融业务
says, well, it’s about time you learned about subprime mortgages.
他说 你应该了解一下次级贷款了
So he set up a session with his trading desk and me
所以他就在交易柜前跟我普及知识
and, and a techie, who, who did all this,
当时还有一位做这方面的技术员在
gets very excited, runs to his computer,
他聊到兴头上 冲到电脑前
pulls up, in about three seconds,
大概过了三秒钟
this Goldman Sachs issue of securities.
就调出了高盛的证券投资记录
It was a complete disaster.
简直太可怕了
Borrowers had borrowed,
平均下算来
on average, 99.3 percent of the price of the house,
购房者99.3%的房款都是贷的
which means they have no money in the house.
说明他们根本没钱
If anything goes wrong,
一旦出现问题
they’re gonna walk away from the mortgage.
他们就还不了房贷
This is not a loan you’d really make, right?
这笔贷款压根就不该借出 不是吗
You’ve gotta be crazy.
疯子才会这么干
But somehow,
但不知为何
you took 8,000 of these loans
你就能贷到八千笔这种贷款
and by the time the guys were done at Goldman Sachs and the rating agencies,
一直到到高盛和评级机构的人受处罚时
two thirds of the loans were rated AAA,
这些贷款中三分之二被评为AAA级
which meant they were rated as safe as government securities.
这意味着它们跟国债一样安全
It’s, it’s utterly mad.
完全就是疯了
Goldman Sachs sold at least 3.1 billion dollars’ worth
高盛公司在2006上半年至少出售了
of these toxic CDOs in the first half of 2006.
价值31亿美元这种危险的CDO
The CEO of Goldman Sachs at this time was Henry Paulson,
时任高盛公司CEO的是亨利·保尔森
the highest paid CEO on Wall Street.
华尔街收入最高的CEO
Good morning, welcome to the White House.
早上好 欢迎来到白宫
I am pleased to announce that
在此我荣幸宣布
I will nominate Henry Paulson
将提名亨利·保尔森
to be the secretary of the Treasury.
为财政部长
He has a lifetime of business experience,
他毕生从事商业
he has an intimate knowledge of financial markets,
对金融市场有深刻了解
he has earned a reputation for candor and integrity.
有着坦率正直的声誉
You might think it would be hard for Paulson
你或许觉得政府的微薄薪水
to adjust to a meager government salary.
会令保尔森难以适应
But taking the job as Treasury
但接受财政部长一职
secretary was the best financial decision of his life.
是他一生中最正确的理财决定
Paulson had to sell his 485 million dollars
保尔森在上任前不得不出售
of Goldman stock when he went to work for the government.
其价值四亿八千五百万的高盛股票
But because of a law passed by the first President Bush,
但根据老布什在任时通过的一项法律
he didn’t have to pay any taxes on it.
他不必为此纳税
It saved him 50 million dollars.
这为他节省了五千万美金
The article came out in October of 2007.
文章于2007年十月发表
Already, a third of the mortgages defaulted.
在此之前 已有三分之一的按揭贷款被拖欠
Now, uh, most of them are goin’.
而今 绝大部分都处于拖欠状态
One group that had purchased these
如今已经一文不值的这些证券
now worthless securities
当时的买主包括
was the Public Employees Retirement System of Mississippi,
密西西比州公务员退休金系统
which provides monthly benefits to over 80,000 retirees.
该系统要为超过八万退休人员按月提供津贴
They lost millions of dollars,
他们损失了上百万美金
and are now suing Goldman Sachs.
现在正起诉高盛公司
By late 2006, Goldman had taken things a step further.
2006年年末 高盛公司行为更甚
It didn’t just sell toxic CDOs
他们不再限于出售危险CDO
it started actively betting against them
一方面告知客户
at the same time it was telling customers
这些CDO为优质投资产品
that they were high quality investments.
另一方面却对其反向投保
By purchasing credit default swaps from AIG,
通过购买AIG的信用违约互换产品
Goldman could bet against CDOs it didn’t own,
高盛公司得以给不属于他们的CDO反向投保
and get paid when the CDOs failed.
并在这些CDO亏损时获利
I asked them if anybody called the customers,
我问过他们有没有人给客户打过电话
and said, you know,
告诉他们说
we don’t really like this kind of mortgage anymore,
我们不再那么看好这类贷款了
and we thought you ought to know, you know.
觉得有必要让你们知情
They, they didn’t really say anything
他们 他们什么也没说
but, you know, you could just feel the laughter
但你能感觉到电话那边
coming over the phone.
他们在偷笑
Goldman Sachs bought at least
高盛公司购买了
22 billion dollars of credit default swaps from AIG.