座头鲸（2015）

但我们很高兴 能看到这一刻
but we’re glad they do.
在夏威夷安静的早晨
On a quiet morning in Hawaii,
你可以听到 成百上千的座头鲸
you can hear hundreds of humpbacks
藏匿于深海世界中 同时鸣着歌♥
in their hidden world below, all singing at once.
之前我们说过 它们的鸣歌♥
A reminder of how their songs
在很多年前 触动了太多人的心
began changing our hearts so many years ago.
今日 吉姆·达灵博士
Today, Dr. Jim Darling
会将水听器 放入深海中
lowers the hydrophone into the water,
正如在几十年前
just as he did decades
罗杰·佩恩第一次 邀请他来这里
ago when Roger Payne first invited him here
录取座头鲸的声音一样
to record humpback whales.
对科学家们来说
For scientists like Jim,
找到鸣歌♥者 并不是易事
finding singers isn’t easy,
但也不是无处可寻
but there are clues.
鲸类深潜时 水面上会留下 光滑的波纹
When whales dive, they leave a slick spot on the surface…
研究者们称之为足迹
What researchers call a footprint.
有时候 吉姆透过足迹
Sometimes when Jim looks
看向海底的时候 他便能发现鸣歌♥者
down through the footprint, he spots a singer.
夏威夷所有的鸣歌♥者
All the singers in Hawaii
在繁殖季节 都会鸣唱同一首歌♥
start each breeding season singing the same song.
难以置信的是 一旦有鸣歌♥者 改变了歌♥调
Incredibly, when one singer changes his song,
其他的鲸 也会随之而改变
they all adopt those same changes.
在相比了之前 和最新的歌♥调后
By comparing the latest song against previous versions,
吉姆能够准确指出 其中的不同之处
Jim can pinpoint exactly what has changed.
吉姆的同事 梅根·琼斯博士
Jim’s colleague, Dr. Meagan Jones,
帮助他研究 这些歌♥调中的不同之处
helps him search for those changes in the song.
两年前 吉姆录到了一段歌♥调
Two years ago, Jim recorded
那一段非常独特
a song with a really distinctive phrase.
确实有很大不同
That’s really different.
我们称之为”咯咯笑” 因为确实很有意思
We started calling it “Chuckles” Because it made us laugh.
但今年 “咯咯笑”渐渐消失了
But this year, the chuckles are starting to disappear.
经过数年的研究后 科学家们惊讶地发现
After years of study, scientists were surprised to discover
所有的鸣歌♥者 都是雄鲸
the singers were all males.
雄鲸忙着鸣歌♥时 雌鲸又在做什么呢
While the males are busy singing, what are the females up to?
梅根·琼斯博士 致力于研究
Dr. Meagan Jones studies the behavior
雌性座头鲸的生活习性
Dof female humpbacks.
这并不容易 因为百分之九十的时间
It’s not easy, because they spend
它们都在深海之中
I90% of their time underwater,
无处可寻
out of sight.
所以她只能匆匆一瞥
So she catches only glimpses.
我在研究的 最重要的问题之一
One of the most important questions I’m trying to answer
就是雌鲸如何选择配偶
is how females choose their mates.
从来没人观察过 座头鲸的交♥配♥
No one has ever observed mating between humpbacks.
但经常能看到 一对雌鲸和雄鲸
But we often see a male and female
在一起静止不动
resting together.
而就在那之前 或者之后
Just before and just after,
雄鲸就会为了雌鲸打起来
we see males fighting over the females.
伤痕累累的雄性守护鲸
The battle-scarred male escort
其实一直处于警戒状态
is actually on guard,
小心注意着 他的竞争对手们
watching and listening for his rivals.
当有人入侵时 他便会试图赶走他们
When intruders show up, he tries to fight them off.
二十头雄鲸 追赶着一头雌鲸
20 males pursuing just one female.
雄鲸也许是在争夺
We think the males are vying
最好的位置 也就是离雌鲸 最近的地方
for the prime spot, closest to the female.
守护鲸会利用各种策略 守卫自己的位置
The escort will use all kinds of tactics to defend his position.
他会制♥造♥泡泡
He streams bubbles.
冲击对手…
He lunges…
喷射气泡
Charges…
甚至还会碰撞其他雄鲸
And even collides with other males.
是雌鲸在带领雄鲸吗
Is the female leading these males?
还是雄鲸们在追赶她
Or is she being chased?
我们无法得知
We’re not sure…
但她应该想要尽快交♥配♥
But we think she wants to mate as soon as possible
这样她就能 回到阿♥拉♥斯加 恢复进食
so she can return to Alaska and resume eating.
对鲸类来说 越大的母鲸 便是越好
For whales, bigger mothers often make better mothers.
在第二年生育的时候
She needs to be in the best physical condition
母鲸必须拥有 最好的身体状况
when she gives birth the following year.
紧张的追赶 持续了四个小时
This chase lasted four grueling hours.
这场竞争 也许能够让雌鲸
We think the competition may allow the female
得到机会选择 最合适的雄鲸
the opportunity to select the fittest mate.
某天 其他的竞争者离开之后
One day, just as the other male rivals swam away,
雄鲸和雌鲸 便一起同游
the male and female pair stayed around
它们绕着我们的船 游了一个多小时
and circled our boat for well over an hour.
起初 我们以为雌鲸 是翻过身子在游泳
At first, we thought the female was swimming upside down
并利用小船劝阻雄鲸
and using the boat to discourage the male.
但在我们观察了
But as we watched the pair
它们的绕圈游泳 并互相起舞时
circle and dance around each other and us,
我们很清楚地看到 至少这个时候
it became clear that at least in this case,
在雄鲸追随雌鲸的同时
the female was following him
雌鲸也在追随雄鲸
as much as the male was following her.
这是求偶行为吗
Was this courtship?
她在有意吸引雄鲸吗
Was she trying to attract him?
这只是我们的猜想
This is what we think may be happening,
但直到亲眼看到交♥配♥之前
but until we see mating,
一切都无法下定论
we can just never be sure.
对我来说 这是最好不过的了
For me, these are the best kind of days,
因为新的观察 带来了新的疑问
when new observations lead to new questions.
梅根外出研究鲸类时
When Meagan is out studying whales,
有时她会直面到 真正的危险
she sometimes runs into the real
比如渔网和漂浮垃圾
dangers they face, like loose, floating debris.
动物的最大杀手
Major threat to the animals.
多半的座头鲸身上 都布满伤痕
More than half of these humpback whales bear scars
正是因为缠上了 绳子和渔网
from being tangled up in ropes and fishing nets.
这里的座头鲸数量 正在逐渐增加
This humpback whale population is growing,
但我们认为
but we think worldwide
全世界的座头鲸数量 与猎鲸之前相比
the humpback population may be only 40% of what it was
仅占了其百分之四十
before whaling began.
一些座头鲸面临的 最为严重的问题
Some of the most serious problems facing whales
无法立即解决
have no immediate solution.
但当某一头鲸遇难时
But when individual whales get entangled,
救援小组能够施以援手
some of them can be saved by rescue teams,
比如夏威夷的这一头
like the one here in Hawaii.
乔 尽量在五分钟内启程
Joe, let’s see if we can get underway in five.
坐标已经定位好了
GPS coordinates set.
发现遇难的鲸时 船工会打电♥话♥过去
Most rescues start with a phone call from a boater.
发现并报告
Reporting entangled whales
是拯救座头鲸的 重要方法之一
is one important way to help humpbacks.
正在寻找你的位置
Looking for your position.
救援小组仅花了一个小时 就赶到了目的地
The team caught up to the entangled whale in just under an hour.
这头年幼 充满活力的座头鲸
This young, energetic humpback whale
拽拖着六十多米的绳子和浮标
was trailing more than 200 feet of line and buoys behind it.
每次的遇难都不同 所以队长艾德·莱曼
Each entanglement is different, so team leader Ed Lyman
每次都要调整 自己的战略
has to keep adjusting his strategy.
看好了 不要跟丢了
Keep an eye out. We don’t want to lose it.
如果艾德不能成功解救 这头年幼的座头鲸
If this young whale is not set free by Ed’s team,
他可能会死于感染 饥饿
he could die from infection, starvation
甚至还会溺死
or even drowning.
救援的关键工具 就是抓钩
A key tool is their grapple.
他们用此钩住 鲸类被缠住的物体
That’s how they hook onto the trailing gear
然后拉近双方的距离 切断缠住物 释放受害者
and then pull themselves close enough to cut the whale free.
为了避免跟丢
We attach a transmitter
我们也会附加发射器 帮助追踪受害者
to help track the whale, in case we lose it,
而浮标 则是防止它潜入太深
and buoys to keep it from diving deep.
即使经受过 充足的训练
Even with extensive training,
对艾德和乔来说 太过接近情绪紧张的巨物
it’s dangerous for Ed and Joe to get so close
也是非常危险的举动
to a huge animal under stress.
我们在船上 完成救援行动
We work entirely from boats.
曾经有人跳入水中 帮助拯救鲸类 但却因此丧命
People have been killed jumping in the water to cut whales free.
小心一点
Let’s be careful here!
如果听到了紧张信♥号♥♥
If we hear signs of stress,