BBC地平线：猫的秘密生活（2013）

No, she doesn’t. She does fight.
这就是猫猫怎样建立
So this is how cats establish,
保卫 甚至是扩张他们的领地的
defend and even expand their territories.
我们的夜间照片显示
Our night-time pictures reveal
这样的对峙经常发生
that these stand-offs are going on all the time.
但是尽管这种情况总有发生
But although they found this happening over and over again,
但是却很少发展成一场打斗
rarely did it lead to fighting.
他们起源于一个独居的物种
They are descended from a solitary species,
所以如果他们无意中闯入他人领地
so if they blunder into one another,
对于任意一方 退后都是很困难的
then it’s very difficult for either of them to back down,
因为把背
because turning your back
朝向另一只猫是一件很危险的事
on another cat is a dangerous thing to do,
大部分猫都在很小的时候就学到了这点
and most cats will have learnt that very early on.
他们会积极地保卫一片
They would actively defend a piece of land
拥有他们的核心资源的土地
which contains their core resources.
猫有时真的会打斗
Cats do sometimes actually fight.
会有真的伤口 用爪子和牙齿
There are actual wounds, claws and teeth get used.
但是多数猫会尝试避免冲突
But most cats will tend to try and avoid conflicts
因为如果你仅靠自己生存
because if you rely on yourself for survival,
就健康而言
it is not good in terms of fitness
把自己弄伤并不是件好事
to get yourself injured.
代价太高昂了
It’s incredibly costly.
这就是你的猫在猫洞之外的大部分活动
So this is a big part of what your cat does beyond the cat flap.
四处巡逻并吓跑周围的猫
Patrolling and facing off the neighbours’ cats…
但最重要的是 避免争斗
But, above all, trying to avoid a scrap.
猫猫总部
-大姜 -大姜
– Big Ginge. – Big Ginge!
戴着帽子的佩伯看起来很生气
Pebbles with a hat on, looking quite cross.
他们避免争斗的方法不仅通过远离彼此
The way they avoid fighting isn’t just by having stand-offs.
科学家们认为还有很有趣的事情
The scientists think there’s something intriguing happening,
发生在城镇中心 猫的领地重叠的地方
where the cats’ spaces overlap in the middle of the village.
这只猫叫菲比 她已在此居住六年了
This is Phoebe, she’s been living here for six years.
这只是凯托
And this is Kato.
他在这住得更久 他的主人十分好奇
He’s been here even longer, and his owner wants to find out
为什么这两只猫成了宿敌
why the two cats have become permanent enemies.
街对面就有他的仇家
He’s got enemies across the road.
你知道是谁吗
And do you know who that is?
-菲比 -菲比 明白了
– Phoebe. – Phoebe, OK.
191号♥ 凯托
萨拉觉得自己好像发现了答案
Sarah thinks that she may now have the answer.
GPS数据显示了过去24小时
The GPS data reveals this is what Kato gets up to
凯托在个死胡同散步时到过的地方
over 24 hours as he travels around the cul-de-sac.
当把菲比的行踪放到屏幕上时
And when you put Phoebe’s trace on the screen,
你就会看到她每天的行程了
you get a snapshot of HER daily routines.
绿色的轨迹
So, in the green,
191号♥ 凯托
341号♥ 菲比
他们的领地有很大的重叠
huge amount of overlap in the space that they use.
就在这 对吧
There is, isn’t there?
对领地意识很强的猫来说
For cats, which seek their own space,
这两只猫在互相竞争
these two cats are on top of each other.
怪不得他俩剑拔弩张
No wonder they are stressed.
但他们不常打架 这是为什么
But they don’t seem to be fighting much. So what’s going on?
现在是晚上11:50
It’s 11:50 pm,
凯托正要出门夜巡
here’s Kato heading out on his night patrol.
他大多待在死胡同附近
He stays mostly around the cul-de-sac,
偶尔会进入当地的树林里游览一番
and takes a trip into the local woods.
他在黎明时分归来
He comes back around dawn.
一夜无事
An uneventful night.
那是因为菲比整夜都没有出门
And that’s because Phoebe hasn’t left her home all night.
但到了早上7:45 菲比要出门巡逻了
But at 7:45 in the morning, Phoebe heads out on HER patrol.
而凯托 正待在家里
And Kato, he’s at home.
谨慎地观望着
Watching nervously.
深入分♥析♥数据得出 两只猫
A deeper look at the data suggests that the two cats
也许在共享一片领地
may be sharing the same space,
191号♥ 凯托
341号♥ 菲比
但并非同时
but not at the same time.
凯托经常外出 通常是夜半时分
Kato’s out a lot, Kato’s out a lot late in the night here,
以及少数的清晨巡逻
and a few short forays in the morning.
菲比在白天很活跃
Phoebe’s active during the day,
主要是午餐过后 对应这个部分
and mainly after lunch, in that period here.
他们的外出时间没有太大的交叉
Not much overlap in when they’re outside.
一个在外巡逻时 另一个正待在家里
So when one was active outside, the other wasn’t.
-我们认为他们正在 -避免遇见对方
– So we think what they’re doing is… – Avoiding each other.
采用了一种轮换机制
Yeah. Using a shift system,
偶尔在他们相遇的时候
and the occasional time when it doesn’t work,
-就打起来了 -没错
– that’s when you’re getting a fight. – Right, OK.
知道他们采用了这种机制令人很高兴
So it’s nice to know that they have got the shift system
他们在自我调节
and they are managing themselves.
不仅是这两只猫
And it’s not just these two cats.
251号♥ 茉莉
252号♥ 比利
其他的猫 比如比利和茉莉
Other cats, like Billy and Molly…
很有趣 茉莉通常在凌晨一二点钟出门
Interesting. Molly is out at one, two o’clock in the morning,
在凌晨十分活跃
a lot of activity here in the early morning,
而此时比利正待在家
when Billy wasn’t out.
一个在内 一个在外
One’s going in, one’s going out.
251号♥ 茉莉
252号♥ 比利
克劳德和托马斯似乎也在做着同样的事
And Claude and Thomas seem to be doing the same thing.
241号♥ 克劳德
161号♥ 托马斯
克劳德进入托马斯领地的时候
Claude comes over into the area of Thomas,
托马斯远在那里
Thomas is much further over,
241号♥ 克劳德
161号♥ 托马斯
他们并不同时出现在同一个地方
they’re not in the same place at the same time,
他们在不同时段分享这片地区
they may time-share that area.
这种现象发生在城镇各处
It seems to be happening all over the village.
他们是这样做到的
And here’s how they’re doing it.
一系列化学物质和气味
A set of chemical signals and scents which are secreted
在他们蹭树以及抓挠时
from the cats’ glands in their cheeks when they rub…
从面部和脚掌的腺体中分泌出来
and from their paws when they scratch…
标记了何时何地谁来过这里
Marks out who was where, and when.
如果把这想象成猫猫们贴的随意贴
If we imagine that the cat is putting down a Post-it note,
那上面写的是 什么时候 谁来过
it says what time it was there, who it was,
之后将它留在那里
and then it leaves that area.
留下化学信♥号♥♥的好处在于
Now, the nice thing about leaving a chemical signal
你不必时刻待在这里
is that you can physically leave,
但你却给其他猫留下了信息
but you have left a message for another cat,
当其他猫经过的时候
so when that other cat comes along
读懂了这条信息 你也可以叫它随意贴
and reads that message, or that Post-it note, if you like,
他们就能知道谁来过这片地区
it’s gaining information about who is using that space,
他们是什么时候离开的
and how long ago they were using it.
一直以来 萨拉和约翰相信着轮换机制
Sarah and John have believed for a while that cats time shift,
是为了共享领地以及避免争斗
to share space and avoid fighting.
但这份数据是目前为止证明这一点的
But this data is the strongest evidence they’ve gathered so far
最有力的证据
that it’s really happening.
时间在流逝 数据源源不断被收集起来
The week progresses, and the data continues to flood in.
科学家们一直在观察
The scientists have been looking
猫猫们会在户外待多久
at how much time the cats spend outside the cat flap.
他们的户外活动时间占全天时间的比率很低
The proportion of time they spend outdoors is actually quite low,
平均只有20%
it might be as little as 20% on average,
有些猫甚至从不外出
and some cats we know now don’t go out at all.
即使他们可以出去
Even though they have access to the outdoors,
他们也选择待在家里
they just simply choose not to do so.
不论何时 室内的猫都要比室外的多
At any one time, there are many more cats inside than out.
我们最多发现了十只猫
Outside, the most we’ve ever really got
同时待在户外
is ten cats outside at one time.
在家可以好好地休息
There’s a nice place to rest at home,
他们出去是因为
they go out because they feel like
他们认为有必要
it rather than because they need to.
下一个问题便是
So the next question to answer is,
杉莫利格林镇中猫猫野性的一面哪儿去了
what has happened to the wild sides of the cats of Shamley Green?
猫并非自古以来就是我们的宠物
Cats haven’t always been our pets.
大约九千年前我们开始与他们共生
We started living alongside them around 9,000 years ago,
我们刚开始种植作物