地平线系列：药物依赖（2010）

slightly different from one day to the next.
辉瑞公♥司♥坚持着自己主张
Pfizer stands by its claim.
随之而来的问题是
But this throws open the question,
怎样的状态是病态
what is a medical condition?
最新的目标是性♥欲♥低下的妇女
The latest target is women with a low sex drive.
甚至为此出现了一个医学术语
It’s even got a medical term –
女性性功能障碍
female sexual dysfunction.
制药公♥司♥之间已经展开了药物研发竞赛
Already the race is on between drug companies to find a cure.
然而不想做♥爱♥ 真的是一种疾病吗
But is not wanting sex necessarily a medical disorder?
将女性性功能障碍 或者说是FSD
The idea that you categorise
归类为一种健康问题
a problem of female sexual dysfunction or FSD,
我认为这是人们
I think is the best example we’ve ever had
为了市场而捏造疾病的最好例证
of creating a market for a disease
这种做法创造出了一种
and kind of creating a
从未存在过的疾病
disease out there where none existed before.
如果你仔细想一下
Because if you think about it,
很多女性都会说她们不太想做♥爱♥
a lot of women would say they don’t want sex very much
因为她们很累 或者是自信心不足
because they’re tired or they’ve got low self-esteem.
有一个笑话是这么说的 如果你可以
There’s a joke we make which is if you can create a pill
制♥造♥出一种让你的伴侣做家务的药物
that would make your partner do the housework,
这也许比给女人服用
it would probably be more beneficial than giving women
提高性♥欲♥的药物更为划算
a drug that would actually boost their sex drive.
药物和性♥爱♥是可以互利联合的
Pills and sex can be a lucrative combination.
不过有时候 制药公♥司♥
But sometimes drug companies
并不是最先意识到这一点的人
are not the first people to see that.
在英国 三分之一的育年龄妇女
In the UK, one third of all women
都会服用避孕药物
of reproductive age take the contraceptive pill.
全世界 约有一亿人依赖这种药物
Worldwide, a hundred million rely on it,
但最初 它差一点未能进入市场
but it almost never reached the market.
在20世纪50年代 研发避孕药
In the 1950s, research into contraception was illegal
在许多国家是非法的 即便在合法国家
in many parts of the world and where it was legal,
制药公♥司♥也害怕遭遇道德问题
pharmaceutical firms feared a moral backlash.
除此之外 独♥立♥研究人员也发现了
Despite this, independent researchers did discover
合成制♥造♥女性荷尔蒙的方法
how to synthetically create female hormones.
他们意识到 给女性服用药物
They realised giving these to women as a pill
可以改变她们的生理状态
would change their fundamental biology
使其停止排卵
and stop them ovulating,
从而避免怀孕
preventing them from getting pregnant.
制药公♥司♥当时对于这一项目的支持
Pharmaceutical companies were reluctant
并不情愿
to back the project,
所以当一个制药公♥司♥着手支持该项目时
so when one did get behind it,
这种药物只是作为
the pill was brought to the market
治疗月经过多的药剂进入市场
as a drug for heavy periods,
不过女人们很快发现了它的真实作用
but women soon cottoned on to its real potential.
它为人们提供了
It’s just allowed people
控制生育以及家庭规模的方法
to manage their fertility and their families,
并且在此方面解放了人们
and has liberated people in that sense.
在过去 很多人都因为家庭不断扩大
In the past, a lot of people were stuck with families that
而承受着繁重的负担
were getting bigger and bigger
因为他们无法阻止婴儿降生
because they just couldn’t stop babies from coming,
直到最近的40 50 60年里
and really within the last sort of 40, 50, 60 years
我们才开始能够随心所欲地
we’ve been able to manage that
控制家庭的规模
and have the families of the size that we want,
这使得孩子们更加健康 家庭更加和睦
which has led to healthier children and happier families.
这是一种社会进步
The result was a social revolution.
然而 男性避孕的方法
On the male side however, contraception hasn’t changed
自19世纪发明橡胶避孕套
since rubber condoms and
以及输精管结扎术之后并无变化
vasectomies were invented in the 19th century.
男人们依然没有属于他们的药物
Men still don’t have a pill of their own.
男性精♥子♥庞大的数目是这一进程的绊脚石
What’s stopping it is a question of numbers.
如果要通过抑制精♥子♥产生
To produce effective contraception for a man
来为男性制♥造♥一种特效避孕药物
by suppressing the sperm production,
就必须制♥造♥一种每天能够抑制
you need to suppress something like two hundred million sperm
睾丸中两亿个精♥子♥产生的物质
from being produced from the testes every day,
弗雷德·吴教授 曼彻斯特大学
这和每个月抑制一个卵细胞的产生相比
and that is quite a big challenge compared to suppressing
着实是一个巨大的挑战
the production of one egg every month in a woman.
现在 经过数年的研究之后
Now, after years of research,
弗雷德·吴教授和他的团队
Professor Fred Wu and his team
发现了一种
have found a way to prevent
抑制大量精♥子♥产生的方法
so many sperm being produced,
就是给男性注入强力的性激素
giving men powerful sex hormones,
这是男人之所以为男人的关键所在
tinkering at the heart of what makes a man a man.
这种药物阻止脑垂体产生激素
It switches off the hormones from the pituitary gland,
这样睾丸就会停止工作 进入休眠状态
so basically the testes stop working. It’s put to sleep.
当然 这一过程也有明显的副作用
Unsurprisingly, this process has a major side effect
病人会失去男性气质
the very emasculation of the patient.
为了使他们保存男性特征
In order to restore their manhood,
激素仍需做出一些改造
some more hormone altering is needed.
与此同时 重新注入睾丸激素
At the same time we’re giving back the testosterone,
这样 男性特征以及功能
so that the male features and the male characteristics
都会被保留下来
are fully preserved.
理论上会产生的结果是
The result, in theory,
男性各方面功能正常 只是没有精♥子♥
is a fully functioning man, just without sperm.
这听起来也许很极端
It may sound extreme,
但肯定没有数百万女性所遭受的痛苦多
but it’s no more radical than what millions of women endure.
然而吴教授发现
But Professor Wu is finding it
寻求制药公♥司♥的支持极为困难
hard to get the backing of a pharmaceutical company.
似乎时代已经不同了
It seems times have changed.
现在的人们与50年前相比
We are now more wary of
在调理身体方面变得更加谨慎
meddling with our bodies than 50 years ago.
如果女性避孕药物
If the female contraceptive pill
也是现在刚刚出现的
was developed from scratch now,
或许也会遇到
it would probably come across exactly
我们现在面临的这种问题
the same difficulties as we are at the moment.
吴教授依旧很乐观
Professor Wu remains undaunted.
这种药物一定有潜在的市场
There is definitely a potential market for it,
我认为 一旦这种产品进入市场
and I think once a product like this is marketed,
就会引起人们观念的变化和社会变化
it may well lead to changes in attitudes,social changes,
就如同女性避孕药带来的变化一样
similar to what happened with the female pill
这种药物也许会拥有比制药公♥司♥
and then I think it is likely to lead to a much larger market
目前预计的更广阔的市场空间
than the companies think there is at the moment.
吴教授依然有一个无法解决的问题
There is one problem Professor Wu can’t solve.
在怀孕这一问题上
When it comes to pregnancy,
女性所承担的风险
the stakes will never be as high for men
远远大于男性
as they are for women,
从而也会引发信任问题
and with that comes a question of trust.
我觉得他们不会吃药
I just don’t think they’d do it.
我认为男人们更倾向于让女人吃药
I think it’s something that men tend to rely
让女人来承担这些责任
on women to do and take the responsibility of.
无意冒犯 老兄们
No offence, guys.
如果说我遇见了一个男人 然后他说
If you met somebody, a man, and he just said,
没关系 我已经吃了避孕药
“Oh, it’s all right, I take the contraceptive pill,”
我不确定我会愿意相信他
I’m not sure I’d be willing to believe that.
不过我敢说
But then I dare say there’s
也有一些你不能相信的女人
some women that you can’t trust to take it.
我觉得不仅仅是男人 当然
I don’t think it’s just men. Well, absolutely, yeah.
也许我会站在那里
I’d probably be standing over him
看着他把药吃下去
watching him take it so…
他们连每天早上都穿袜子都无法保证
They can’t even put socks on in the morning, you know,
又怎么会每天在相同的时间吃药
how are they going to take a pill at the same time every day?
药物不仅仅影响我们的身体
Pills don’t just affect our bodies.
它们也会作用于我们的意识
They can treat our minds,
有时 找到一种成功治疗病症的药物
and sometimes finding a successful medicine for an illness
可以改变我们看待自己的方式
can even change the way we view ourselves.
抑郁症就是其中的一个例子
Depression is a case in point.
20世纪50年代
In the 1950s,
抑郁症绝对是一件隐秘的事情
depression was a strictly private affair.
那些寻求帮助的人几乎得不到回馈
Those that sought help got little in return.
只存在的寥寥数种药物
The few drugs that were
却几乎无法改善人们的心情
on offer were unlikely to lift your spirits.