家园（2009）

其面♥积♥已缩小20%
Has already been reduced by 20%.
森林被养牛场和大豆田取代
The forest gives way to cattle ranches or soybean farms.
这些大豆中的百分之九十五
Ninety-five percent of these soybeans…
被用来喂养欧亚两洲的禽畜
Are used to feed livestock and poultry in europe and asia.
就这样 森林转化成了肉食
And so, a forest is turned into meat.
当它们燃烧时 森林及它们的土壤
When they burn, forests and their soils…
释放出大量的碳
Release huge quantities ofcarbon,
占全球排放温室气体的20%
Accounting for 20% of the greenhouse gases emitted across the globe.
森林砍伐是全球变暖的主要原因之一
Deforestation is one ofthe principal causes of global warming.
数千物种灭绝
Thousands of species disappear forever.
进化长链中的一环随之断裂
With them, one of the links in a long chain of evolution snaps.
形成它们的生命物质信息
The intelligence of the living matter from which they came…
也永远消失
Is lost forever.
大约二十年前 全球第四大岛屿婆罗洲
Barely 20 years ago, borneo, the fourth-largest island in the world,
被茂密的原始森林所覆盖
Was covered by a vast primary forest.
以目前森林砍伐的速度
At the current rate of deforestation,
十年内它将消失殆尽
It will have totally disappeared within 10 years.
生命物质把水 土壤 空气跟阳光结合
Living matter bonds water, air, earth and the sun.
在婆罗洲这一曾经全球最大的物种摇篮
In borneo, this bond has been broken…
这种结合被打破了
In what was one of the earth’s greatest reservoirs of biodiversity.
生产棕榈油的决定
This catastrophe was provoked by the decision…
引发了这场灾难
To produce palm oil,
全球消耗的大部分棕榈油产自婆罗洲
The most consumed oil in the world, on borneo.
棕榈油不仅满足我们对食品不断增长需求
Palm oil not only caters to our growing demand for food,
还可用于生产化妆品 清洁剂和替代燃料
But also cosmetics, detergents and, increasingly, alternative fuels.
森林的多样性被单一品种棕榈所取代
The forest diversity was replaced by a single species- the oil palm.
单一栽培简易 高产且生长迅速
Monoculture is easy, productive and rapid.
这为本地人提供了工作岗位
For local people, it provides employment.
这是一种农业产业
It is an agricultural industry.
另一森林大量砍伐的例子是桉树
Another example of massive deforestation is the eucalyptus.
它用于制♥作♥木浆
Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp.
因过去五十年纸张的需求暴增五倍
Plantations are growing,
种植场数量不断增长
As demand for paper has increased five fold in 50 years.
单一树种在全球广泛种植
Monocultures of trees are gaining ground all over the world.
但单一树种不是森林
But a monoculture is not a forest.
从定义看 差之毫厘
By definition, there is little diversity.
此森林不能取代彼森林
One forest does not replace another forest.
在这些桉树下 寸草不生
At the foot of these eucalyptus trees,
因其掉下来的树叶覆盖地面
Nothing grows, because their leaves form a bed…
对其他大多数植物有毒
That is toxic for most other plants.
它们生长快速，但耗水也多
They grow quickly, but exhaust water reserves.
黄豆 棕榈油 桉树
Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees-
森林砍伐是舍本逐末
Deforestation destroys the essential to produce the superfluous.
但在别处 森林砍伐是最后的生存手段
But elsewhere, deforestation is a last resort to survive.
超过二十亿人
Over two billion people-
接近世界人口的三分一
Almost a third ofthe world’s population
仍依赖木炭
Still depend on charcoal.
在海地 世界上最穷的国家之一
In haiti, one ofthe world’s poorest countries,
木炭是最主要的消耗品之一
Charcoal is one of the population’s main consumables.
曾经的”加勒比海明珠” 海地
Once the pearl of the caribbean,
如今却要依赖外国援助才能养活人♥民♥
Haiti can no longer feed its population without foreign aid.
海地山坡上的树林只剩2％
On the hills of haiti, only two percent of the forests are left.
坦露在外的土壤无法吸收雨水
Stripped bare, the soil no longer absorbs the rainwater.
没有植物和根茎的加固
With no vegetation and no roots to reinforce them,
土壤无法留在原地
Nothing holds the soils back.
雨水把它们从山坡冲入大海
The rainwater washes them down the hillsides as far as the sea.
将土地侵蚀得更为贫瘠
Erosion impoverishes the quality of the soils,
使它们不宜耕种
Reducing their suitability for agriculture.
马达加斯加某地 侵蚀尤为显著
In some parts of madagascar, the erosion is spectacular.
山坡布满数百米宽的深坑
Whole hillsides bear deep gashes hundreds of meters wide.
土壤由生命物质构成 单薄而脆弱
Thin and fragile, soil is made by living matter.
数千年形成的腐殖质图层
With erosion, the fine layer of humus,
因雨水侵蚀消失殆尽
Which took thousands of years to form, disappears.
拉帕努伊岛[复活节岛的俗名]的故事
Here’s one theory of the story of the rapa nui,
岛上居民的遭遇
The inhabitants of easter island,
或许值得我们反思
That could perhaps give us pause for thought.
居住在世上最偏僻的岛屿上
Living on the most isolated island in the world,
拉帕努伊人把岛上资源
The rapa nui exploited their resources…
开♥发♥殆尽
Until there was nothing left.
他们的文明已不复存在
Their civilization did not survive.
这里曾矗立世上最高的棕榈树
On these lands stood the highest palm trees in the world.
如今荡然无存
They have disappeared.
当地人把树砍倒做成木材
The rapa nui chopped them all down for lumber.
导致大量水土流失
They then had to face widespread soil erosion.
没有树木做独木舟
The rapa nui could no longer go fishing.
当地人已无法再出海捕鱼
There were no trees to build canoes.
但拉帕努伊人曾酝酿了
And yet the rapa nui formed one ofthe
太平洋最璀璨的文明
Most brilliant civilizations in the pacific.
富有创造力的农夫 雕塑家和杰出的航海家
Innovative farmers, sculptors, exceptional navigators,
如今却在人口过剩 资源减少的夹缝中挣扎
They were caught in a vise of overpopulation and dwindling resources.
他们经历了社会动荡 叛乱和饥荒
They experienced social unrest, revolts and famine.
很多人没能在巨变中幸存
Many did not survive the cataclysm.
复活节岛的真正迷团
The real mystery of easter island is
并不是岛上奇异的雕像
Not how its strange statues got there.
我们现在已经知晓
We know now.
当地人为何没及时作出反应
It’s why the rapa nui didn’t react in time.
这只是众多理论之一
It’s only one of a number of theories,
但今天 对我们意义非凡
But it has particular relevance to us today.
自1950年以来 世界人口几乎翻了三倍
Since 1950, the world’s population has almost tripled.
而且从1950年起 我们对自已的岛屿 地球
And since 1950, we have more fundamentally altered our island, the earth,
做出的根本性改变比过去二十万年都多
Than in all ofour 200,000-year history.
尼日利亚是非洲最大的石油出口国
Nigeria is the biggest oil exporter in africa,
但70%的人口却生活于贫困线以下
And yet 70% ofthe population lives under the poverty line.
财富于此
The wealth is there,
但人♥民♥无法染指
But the country’s inhabitants don’t have access to it.
在世界各地 都是如此
The same is true all over the globe.
世上一半的穷♥人♥居于资源丰富的国家
Half the world’s poor live in resource-rich countries.
我们的发展模式没能实现它的目的
Our mode of development has not fulfilled its promises.
五十年来 贫富悬殊
In 50 years, the gap between rich and poor…
从未如此严重
Has grown wider than ever.
如今 全球一半的财富
Today, half the world’s wealth…
掌握在占人口比例2％的富豪手上
Is in the hands of the richest two percent of the population.
这种差异还能维持吗
Can such disparities be maintained?
这导致了人口的迁徙
They’re the cause of population movements…
其规模我们尚未知晓
Whose scale we have yet to fully realize.
拉哥斯的人口在1960年只有七十万
The city of lagos had a population of 700,000 in 1960.
到2025年将增至一千六百万
That will rise to 16 million by 2025.
拉哥斯是发展最快的大都市之一
Lagos is one ofthe fastest-growing megalopolises in the world.
外来人口中多数是因经济或人口
The new arrivals are mostly farmers forced off the land…
或资源减少的缘故
For economic or demographic reasons,
背井离乡的农民
Or because of diminishing resources.
这完全是新型的城市增长模式
This is a radically new type of urban growth,
移♥民♥不为致富 只求生存
Driven by the urge to survive rather than to prosper.
每周 全球共有一百多万人
Every week, over a million people…
涌入各大城市
Swell the populations of the world’s cities.
每六人中就有一人居于危险
One human being in six now lives in a precarious,
不卫生 或人口过剩的环境中
Unhealthy, overpopulated environment,
没有水 卫生设施
Without access to daily necessities…
和电力等日常生活用品
Such as water, sanitation or electricity.
饥荒再次蔓延
Hunger is spreading once more.
影响近十亿人口
It affects nearly one billion people.
全球最贫困的人依靠拾荒挣扎度日
All over the planet, the poorest scrabble to survive on scraps,
但我们却继续攫取
While we continue to dig for resources
生活中已经无法缺少的资源
that we can no longer live without.
我们觊觎着更远的地域
We look farther and farther a field,
未遭破坏的处♥女♥地
In previously unspoilt territory…
和越来越难开♥发♥的地域
And in regions that are increasingly difficult to exploit.
我们没有改变模式
We’re not changing our model.
石油可能耗尽吗
Oil might run out?
我们仍可从加拿大的含油沙中提炼石油
We can still extract oil from the tar sands of canada.