BBC：古代圣贤（2015）（3）

[speaking in Mandarin]
即使是那些没有机会上学的人，也学会了他的话
Even those who didn’t get the chance to go to school, learned his words.
孔子说：“这就是为什么我们发展出如此非常态的形式”
It’s actually why we’ve developed that rather crass form, “Confucius says…”
因为24世纪以来，就在整个中国，
Because for 24 centuries, right across China,
人们都在引用孔子的话
people were all quoting Confucius.
[“孔子说”演奏]
Confucius Say” playing]
♪ 孔子说一个男孩，一个女孩，一个月亮♪
♪ Confucius say a boy, a girl, a moon ♪
♪ 让婚礼的钟声在六月响起♪
♪ Make wedding bells ring out In month of June ♪
♪ 孔子说，母爱来了，不要耽搁♪
♪ Confucius say hen love come don’t delay ♪
♪ 亲爱的，抱紧我今晚就是今晚♪
♪ So, honey, hold me tight Tonight’s the night ♪
♪ 记住孔子的话♪
♪ Remember what Confucius say ♪
但这一切在20世纪发生了变化
But all that changed in the twentieth century.
儒家思想受到了攻击
Confucianism came under attack.
在1919年，希望中国实现现代化和民♥主♥的学生，
In 1919, students who wanted China to modernize and become democratic,
责怨 孔子阻止了他们。
condemned Confucius for holding them back.
在60年代毛主席的文♥化♥大♥革♥命♥
But it was Chairman Mao’s Cultural Revolution of the 1960s
试图抹杀他所有遗产的人
that tried to annihilate all vestiges of his legacy.
他的红卫兵摧毁了雕像、寺庙和文字
His Red Guard destroyed statues, temples and texts.
他们甚至来过这里，去他的墓地
They even came here… to his burial place.
他们在给毛主席的电报中写道，
In a telegram to Chairman Mao, they wrote,
“我们拖出了孔子的雕像，
“We have dragged out the statue of Confucius,
我们已经拆掉了牌匾
we have torn down the plaque
歌♥颂”万代老师”，
extolling the ‘teacher of ten thousand generations’,
我们已经把孔子的坟墓夷为平地，我们已经摧毁了”
we have leveled Confucius’s grave… we have destroyed.”
来到这里真的很冷，
It is really chilling coming here,
看看一种僵化的意识形态
to see how a raging rigid form of an ideology
试图抹去一个有思想的人的记忆
tried to obliterate the memory of a man of ideas.
[儿童说普通话]
[children speaking in Mandarin]
但数千年来无处不在的儒家教育，
But thousands of years of ubiquitous Confucian education,
特别是考试制度，
particularly the exam system,
他的原则深深地植根于中国文化之中
had embedded his principles deep within Chinese culture.
到21世纪初，
By the start of the twenty-first century,
政♥府♥再次开始采纳他的思想
the government began, once again, to embrace his ideals.
今天，儒家思想正在复兴
Today Confucianism is undergoing a renaissance.
教育仍然是最重要的
And education remains at the forefront.
[说普通话]
[speaking in Mandarin]
这是曲阜的一所儒家学派
This is a Confucian school in Qufu.
120名6至18岁的学生在学习
120 pupils from the ages of 6 to 18 study
这里有儒家经典和古典艺术
the Confucian texts and classical arts here.
这只是中国大约3000所学校中的一所
It’s just one of around 3,000 schools in China
这教授儒家价值观和哲学
that teaches Confucian values and philosophy.
再拜 厚德载物 拜
[speaking in Mandarin]
那么你最喜欢的孔子名言是什么？
So what is your favorite Confucius quote?
人类的艰巨使命需要伟大的心灵和坚强的意志 （士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远）
[in Mandarin] Man’s difficult mission requires great heart and strong will.
你为什么喜欢孔子？
Why do you like Confucius?
因为孔子传承了传统文化，
It is because Confucius had passed on the traditional culture,
这让我们都受益匪浅
which has benefited all of us.
你为什么决定送女儿上儒家学校？
Why did you decide to send your daughter to a Confucian School?
这会让我女儿更好地学习中国传统文化
It will let my daughter better learn traditional Chinese culture
在形成她的个性和价值观时，还有更好的选择
and have a better choice
when forming her personality and values
这将极大地帮助她成长为
which will greatly help her in growing into
未来有用的人
a useful person in the future.
看着这些孩子长大真是太迷人了
It is just fascinating seeing these kids being brought up
用古老的哲学
with an ancient philosophy
他们所想、所说、所做的一切的核心
at the heart of everything that they think and say and do.
实际上，他们似乎玩得很开心
And actually they seem to be having a great time.
但更不可思议的是，
It’s also even more incredible, though,
如果你认为就在几十年前，
if you think that just a few decades ago,
孔子被认为是国家的敌人，
Confucius was considered an enemy of the state,
这一切都不允许发生，
and none of this would have been allowed to happen,
或者，如果真的发生了，它就会秘密地、闭门地发生
or if it did, it would have happened in secret, behind closed doors.
冒着受到严厉惩罚的风险
And at the risk of really severe punishment.
[说普通话]
[speaking in Mandarin]
在现代中国，更大的个人主义
In modern China, greater individualism
被视为破坏了集体对错意识
is seen to have undermined a collective sense of right and wrong.
孔子的复兴可以解释
Confucius’ resurgence can be explained
通过对更清晰的道德目标的渴望
by the desire for a clearer sense of moral purpose.
但我想知道孔子的吸引力是否很简单
But I wonder if Confucius’ appeal is very simple.
他告诉我们，无论我们的性格如何，无论我们出生在什么环境，
He tells us that whatever our character, whatever situation we’re born into,
做好人，过上好生活，这是一种可能性
being good, living a good life, is a possibility.
善良的根源是智慧
And that the root to goodness is wisdom.
这意味着作为一个物种，
Now that means that as a species,
在我们最好的状态下，我们都是哲学家
in our finest form, we are all philosophers.
真正意义上的智慧爱好者
In the true sense of the word, lovers of wisdom.
[播放令人振奋的音乐]
[uplifting music playing]
在这个系列中，
Across this series,
我研究了古代世界三位鼓舞人心的人的思想
I have examined the ideas of three inspiring minds of the ancient world.
苏格拉底把哲学从天而降
Socrates brought philosophy down from the heavens
进入人们的家园，让我们通过理性的训练
and into people’s homes, so that through the training of our reason
我们可以为自己获得幸福
we can achieve happiness for ourselves.
佛陀把问题从“有神吗”，
The Buddha changed the question from “Is there a God”,
对于“如何就好的行动达成一致”这样的问题
to questions like, “How to agree on good action
非必要认同死后会发生什么
without necessarily agreeing on what happens after death.”
孔子说仪式是一种方式
[Yao] Confucius said ritual is a way
发挥内在的优良品质，
to bring out the inside good qualities,
像仁慈，像尊敬
like benevolence, like reverence.
如果更多的人拥有良好的品质，成为真正的人，
And if more people possess good qualities and they become real human,
然后他们的社交生活、家庭生活或社区生活变得和平
then their social life, family life, or community life becomes peaceful.
但是，归根结底，在当下，他们要教我们什么呢？
But, ultimately, what do they have to teach us, in the here and now?
虽然这些想法是25个世纪前发展起来的，
Although these were ideas that were developed 25 centuries ago,
你认为它们有那么大的相关性吗
do you think they have as much relevance
对我们的世界就像他们对古代中国一样，
to our worlds as they did to ancient China,
古希腊，古印度？
ancient Greece, ancient India?
如果我想夸大它，可能更是如此！
If I want to exaggerate it, probably even more so!
他们面对的是一个四分五裂的世界，
They were confronted with a world in disintegration,
缺乏理性，缺乏同情心
little rationality, little compassion.
我们所处的世界要严重得多，
And we are in a world that’s much more serious,
因为不仅仅是人类世界有麻烦，
because it’s not simply a human world is in trouble,
这个星球有麻烦了
the planet is in trouble.
我们有能力摧毁所有文明，
And we have in our power the destruction of all civilizations,
包括地球本身，所以必须做出改变，
including the planet itself. So a change has to be made,
不仅是政♥治♥体制或经济体制的变化，
not just a change in the political system or economic system,
所有这些都是绝对必要的，但需要改变心态
all these are absolutely necessary, but a change of mindset.
以及苏格拉底、佛陀和孔子的智慧的恢复，不是一个实用性的问题
And the retrieval of the wisdom of Socrates,
of Buddha and Confucius is not a question of relevance,
而是人类生存的问题
it’s a question of human survival.
这些杰出的思想家并不是遥远的历史人物
These extraordinary thinkers aren’t remote historical figures.
他们是人类意识的先驱，他们的思想为我们提供了信息
They’re pioneers of human consciousness, whose ideas have informed
丰富了无数人的生活直到今天
and enriched the lives of countless people to this day.
他们对当时社会动荡的全新反应，
Their radical responses to the social upheaval of their age,
在很多方面决定了我们现在是谁
have in many ways, determined who we are now.
他们的学说鼓舞人心，富有挑战性
Their message was inspiring and challenging.
世界不是不可知的，不可改变的
That the world isn’t unknowable, unchangeable.
通过充分参与，我们可以过上更好、更有意义的生活
By engaging with it fully, we can lead better and more meaningful lives.
我们有专门机构，我们的思想可以塑造世界
We have agency. Our minds can shape the world.