食品公司（2008）

to their reputation.
非常敏感
They’ve obviously been vilified,
在当下的经济状况
probably more than any retailer
沃尔玛可能比其他的零售商
in our current economy.
受到的诽谤更多
Actually, it’s a pretty easy decision
其实 根据客户的需要
to try to support things like organic, or whatever it might be,
尝试提供有机食品或其他这类的东西
based on what the customer wants.
是个挺简单的决定
We see that and react to it.
我们明白这一点并采取了行动
So if it’s clear the customer wants it,
因此 如果客户表明需求
it’s really easy to get behind it,
那我们就自然会入手
to push forward and try to make that happen.
并努力做成交易
When I run into my old environmental friends,
当我碰见以前一起宣传环保的朋友们
many are initially horrified
他们之中很多人
by the kinds of company that I’m keeping these days.
看到我现在经营这种公♥司♥ 都吓坏了
But when I then go on to explain
但是当我给他们解释
what the impact of one purchase order from Wal-mart is,
沃尔玛的订单带给我的
in terms of not pounds but tons of pesticide,
不是数以磅计 而是以吨♥计的杀虫药
tons of herbicide, tons of chemical fertilizer,
除草剂和化肥之后
the discussion– we get away from the emotion
我们的讨论就能够不受情感因素的影响
and we get down to the facts.
而纯粹基于事实展开了
This is really key, though, what you guys are doing here.
你们在此做的一切是很重要的
I have no illusions about this.
我从未幻想过这些
I don’t believe that Wal-mart has come here
我不相信沃尔玛来找我们
because they’ve suddenly had a moral enlightenment.
是因为他们的道德觉悟忽然提高
It’s because of economics.
他们其实是为了利益
I can debate with my radical friends all day long,
我可以跟我那些激进的朋友们讨论一整天
but nobody can challenge the fact
但是没人可以否认
that a sale of another million dollars to Wal-mart
从沃尔玛数百万美元的订单中赚到的钱
helps to save the world.
能帮助我们拯救环境
Back around the turn of the last century,
在上个世纪初的时候
the average farmer could feed six or eight people.
一个普通农民的收成可以养活6到8个人
Now the average American farmer
现在普通美国农民的收成
can feed 126 people, okay?
可以养活126个人 不是吗
These are the most productive humans that have ever lived.
这是有史以来最具生产力的一类人
The changes down on the farm have been
农业生产发生的变化
momentous and radical but invisible to most of us,
是翻天覆地的 但却不为众人所知
cause who knows a farmer anymore?
现在还有谁认识农民
But their way of life
但是人们的生活方式
has been revolutionized.
确实发生了革命性的变化
10,000 years ago,
1万年前
farmers started saving their best seeds
农民们就开始收藏最好的种子
and planted again in the following year.
以便来年继续耕种
That’s how seeds have been developed.
选种技术就是这么发展起来的
That’s how corn was developed
借助这种技术
from a useless grass for the most part
玉米从一种基本上没什么用的杂草
to the extremely productive plant it is today.
变成了今天如此多产的农作物
The idea that any corporation could own a food crop
任何一家公♥司♥都可以拥有一种粮食作物
is a very new idea.
这是一个新的概念
It wasn’t until the 1980s
这种情况出现于20世纪80年代
that the supreme court said you could patent life.
最高法♥院♥裁定生物体也具有专利权之后
And that opened the floodgates
事情从此就一发不可收拾了
efforts to patent the most valuable parts of life,
各种企业争夺最有价值的生物体专利权
which is to say the crops on which we depend.
也就是我们赖以生存的农作物
Monsanto is a chemical company.
孟山都是一家化工产品公♥司♥
They produced DDT, agent orange in Vietnam,
主要生产杀虫药和越战中使用的落叶剂
and then they developed a product
后来他们研发了一种
called “Roundup.”
叫”草甘膦”的产品
We started hearing rumblings about genetically-engineered soybeans
我们开始听说有种基因改造的大豆
that could resist the application of roundup.
能够抵抗草甘膦的药力
When the Roundup was sprayed over top of it,
当草甘膦喷洒在大豆田里
it killed every weed out there
其他的杂草都被清除掉
except for this roundup ready soybean.
除了这些可以抵抗草甘膦的大豆
I can remember when the first prohibition
我还记得当获得种子专利权的公♥司♥
against seed saving came into being.
第一次禁止农民保存种子的时候
Most farmers were just
大部分的农民
absolutely disgusted with the whole concept.
都对这种做法感到极度厌恶
It’s been interesting over the course
有趣的是
Of 11 years to watch us go
在其后的11年里
from utter contempt for the notion
我们对禁止保留种子的态度
that we can’t save our own seed
从蔑视变成了
to acceptance.
默默接受
What happens if a farmer
如果农民保留了种子
Saves the seeds?
那会怎么样
Well, you know, really there’s
嗯 知道吗
only one company involved in this now
其实现在只有一家公♥司♥这么做
And that’s Monsanto.
就是孟山都
Monsanto is…
孟山都公♥司♥…
They’ve got a team of private investigators
他们雇用了一帮私人调查员
that kind of roam the country
在全国各地巡查
And they’ve got a little 1-800 hotline
而且他们还设立了一个热♥线♥电♥话♥
they take calls on. If they get a call
要是接到报告
and somebody alleges that somebody saved seed,
说有人私下保存种子
they’ll send an investigator out to look into the matter.
他们就会派调查员去了解情况
If you save your own seed, you’re gonna get a call
要是你保留了种子 孟山都公♥司♥
from somebody from Monsanto.
就会派人给你打电♥话♥
Two men drove in my driveway
大概晚上7点还是7点半左右
at 7:00, 7:30 at night,
有两个人开车到我家
presented a black card to me
出示了一张黑色卡片
and they never told me
不过他们从来没有说过
that they were from Monsanto.
自己是孟山都公♥司♥派来的
They said that they had had a surveillance team,
他们说他们有一个负责监视的小组
caught me cleaning beans.
发现我在清洗豆子
I found it necessary to get up
从此之后
at 3:00 and 4:00 in the morning
我必须在早上3点到4点起床
before the investigators are on the road following me.
避开这些调查员的跟踪
They were–
他们就像
I’m gonna say maybe ex-military or ex-police.
我觉得他们是当过兵或者做过警♥察♥的
They were large and they were intimidating.
他们块头很大 而且很吓人
I don’t know whether they had their surveillance team
我不知道他们是不是真的有监视小组
or whether it was my neighbor that turned me in. I don’t know.
或者是我的邻居把我告发了 我不知道
Now as I turned to walk in the house,
当我转身进屋时
one of them said–
他们其中一个说”他心虚了”
I could hear in the back– “he’s guilty.”
我背着他都能听到
It’s a real ingenious device designed back in the 1800s,
种子清洗机是19世纪的一个伟大发明
and Monsanto’s gonna close all of them out.
而孟山都想打♥压♥这些机器的生产
So how many seed cleaners are out there
你觉得现在全国
in the country do you think?
还有多少台种子清洗机
In the state of Indiana, there may be six.
在印第安那州的话 大概6台
Maybe. I’m not aware of
差不多吧 我没有具体数过
How many there used to be?
过去有多少台
Oh my Golly. Every county had three.
那可不得了 每个镇上都有3台
Have they all been put out of business?
它们现在都失去商业价值了吗
There’s nobody left.
没有人做这个了
When Monsanto soybeans first came on the market,
当孟山都的大豆首次进驻市场
I just never really switched over.
我没有转用他们的产品
I was getting pretty good yield
我一直使用传统大豆
with the conventional soybeans I’d been using
收成也很不错
So I thought “well, I’ll just stay where I’m at.”
我就想”好吧,那我继续用传统的好了”
My neighbors all around me are all gmos.
我的邻居们都使用转基因大豆了
If the pollen goes in, if the seed moves in,
要是他们田里的花粉或者种子传过来了
I am still held accountable.
也算是我侵犯专利权
When you genetically modify a crop, you own it.
你改造了农作物的基因 它就是你的了
We’ve never had this in agriculture.
农业生产从来没有过这样的事情
Used to be that your land-grant universities,
以前负责培养出公用种子的
they developed what was called public seed.
都是被政♥府♥授予土地的大学
The vast majority of the plant breeding
绝大部分的育种和品系改良工作
was actually done in these public institutions
都是由这些公立机构来做的
Monsanto is very much like Microsoft.
孟山都公♥司♥跟微软差不多
The same way Microsoft owns the intellectual property
就像微软拥有全美国大部分电脑上
behind most computers in America,
所运行的软件的知识产权