食品公司（2008）

30% of our land base is being planted to corn.
30%的土地用于种植谷物
That’s largely driven by government policy,
很大程度上是政♥府♥政策使然
government policy that, in effect,
政♥府♥政策 实际上
allows us to produce corn below the cost of production.
就是允许我们低于成♥本♥价♥生产谷物
The truth of the matter is we’re paid to overproduce,
事实就是雇佣我们来过度生产
and it was caused by
而始作俑者是
these large multinational interests.
那些跨国大企业的利益
The reason our government’s promoting corn…
政♥府♥促进谷物多产的原因是
the Cargills, the Adms, Tyson, Smithfield…
卡吉尔斯 亚当斯 泰森 史密斯菲尔德
they have an interest in purchasing corn below the cost of production.
这些大公♥司♥想以低于成本的价钱购买♥♥谷物
They use that interest and that extensive amount of money they have
于是他们用这些额外的钱
to lobby Congress to give us the kind of farm bills we now have.
游说议会制定农业法案 该草案如今已实施
A “farm bill,”
农业法案
which should really be called a “food bill,”
应该称作粮食法案更为贴切
codifies the rules of the entire food economy.
它把整个粮食经济的规则纳入法律
Farm policy is always focused on these commodity crops
农业政策总是关注于商品化的农作物
because you can store them.
因为它们能囤积
We encourage farmers to grow as much corn as they can grow,
我们鼓励农民竭尽其所能种植谷物
to get big, to consolidate.
种出硕大结实的谷物
We subsidize farmers by the bushel.
我们以谷物产量多少来补助农民
We produced a lot of corn
我们生产了很多谷物
and they came up with uses for it.
而他们找到了使用谷物的各种用途
We are now engineering our foods.
如今我们在改变粮食的基因结构
We know where to turn to for certain traits
我们根据不同的特征需求改变基因的位置
like mouth feel and flavor.
像改变口感和口味
And we bring all of these pieces together
我们把所有的基因重新整合
and engineer new foods
从而研究出新的食品
that don’t stale in the refrigerator,
它们不会在冰箱里馊掉
don’t develop rancidity.
不会腐坏
Of course the biggest advance in recent years
当然近几年的最大突破
was high-fructose corn syrup.
是高果糖的玉米糖浆
You know, I would venture to guess
我大胆猜测一下
if you go and look on the supermarket shelf,
如果你去超♥市♥看看货架
I’ll bet you 90% of them
我敢打赌90%的货品
would contain either a corn or soybean ingredient,
都含有谷物或者大豆成分
and most of the time will contain both.
大多数情况是两者都有
Corn is the great raw material.
谷物是最好的原材料
You get that big fat kernel of starch
从饱满富有脂肪的果仁中提炼出淀粉
and you can break that down and reassemble it.
你能分解它并使其重组
You can make high-fructose corn syrup.
以此来制♥造♥高果糖玉米糖浆
You can make maltodextrin
它能制成麦芽糊精
and diglycerides and xanthan gum
甘油二酯和黄原胶
and ascorbic acid.
还有维生素C
All those obscure ingredients on the processed food…
以及所有加工食品中鲜为人知的成分
It’s remarkable how many of them can be made from corn.
你会感叹谷物制♥造♥出了如此多的食品
Plus, you can feed it to animals.
还有 谷物能喂食动物
Corn is the main component in feed ingredients
它是饲料的主要成分
whether it’s chicken, hogs, cattle… You name it.
喂鸡 喂猪和牛 还有为人熟知的禽类
Increasingly, we’re feeding the corn to the fish
现在我们逐渐用谷物喂鱼
whether we’re eating the tilapia or the farmed salmon.
包括我们食用的罗非鱼和养殖鲑鱼
We’re teaching fish how to eat corn.
我们在教鱼如何食用谷物
The fact that we had so much cheap corn
实际上这么多的廉价谷物
really allowed us to drive down the price of meat.
的确使肉价降低了
I mean, the average American is eating over 200 lbs
现在美国人平均每人每年吃
of meat per person per year.
两百多磅的肉
That wouldn’t be possible
如果不是我们用大量的廉价谷物
had we not fed them this diet of cheap grain.
来喂牲畜 那就不可能有那么多肉
Since you’re selling corn at below the price of production,
既然你以低于成本的价钱贩卖♥♥谷物
the feedlot operator can buy corn
那么饲养场主也能以低于成本的
at a fraction of what it costs to grow,
价钱购买♥♥谷物
so that all the animals are sucked off
所以所有中西部农场的动物
of all the farms in the midwest.
都被喂得过饱
There is a spiderweb
有个遍布全国
of roads and train tracks
公路和铁路的
all around the country moving corn
谷物的运输网
from where it’s being grown to these CAFOs.
从谷物的产地运到动物集中营
Cows are not designed by evolution to eat corn.
奶牛并不是生来就吃谷物的
They’re designed by evolution to eat grass.
它们的天性是吃草
And the only reason we feed them corn
我们喂它们谷物的唯一理由
is because corn is really cheap
是谷物真的很便宜
and corn makes them fat quickly.
而且谷物使他们快速长肉
Where are you putting your hand?
你的手放在哪
I’m actually inside the rumen…
实际上我的手在瘤胃里
that first compartment of the stomach.
反刍动物的第一个胃
And it’s…
它是
It’s not…
它不是
It’s kind of hard to see.
很难看到它
You can see the liquid part here.
你能看到液体的部分
Does that hurt the cow? No.
奶牛会痛吗 不会
There’s microorganisms…
瘤胃里
bacteria in the rumen, millions of ’em.
有上百万的微生物和细菌
The animals evolved
牲畜原本进化为
on consuming grass.
以食草为生的动物
There’s some research that indicates
一些研究表明
that a high-corn diet results in
由于大量食用谷物导致了
E. coli that are acid-resistant.
大肠杆菌产生耐酸性
And these would be the more harmful E. coli.
这样大肠杆菌会变得更有害
So you feed corn to cattle
所以你用谷物喂牛
and E. coli, which is a very common bug, evolves,
这种常见的细菌会在牛的体内逐渐进化
a certain mutation occurs
然后发生某种变异
and a strain called the “E. coli 0157:h7”
产生一种叫做大肠杆菌0517:h7型疾病
appears on the world stage.
会在全世界范围的牛身上出现
And it’s a product of the diet we’re feeding cattle on feedlots
它是饲养场喂养牛的一种食料
and it’s a product of feedlot life.
也是饲养场赖以生存的东西
The animals stand ankle deep
牲畜的脚踝整天
in their manure all day long.
陷在粪便中
So if one cow has it,
所以如果一只奶牛患病了
the other cows will get it.
其它牛就会被传染
When they get to the slaughterhouse,
送到屠宰场后
their hides are caked with manure.
它们身上也沾满了粪便
And if the slaughterhouse is slaughtering
如果屠宰场一小时
400 animals an hour,
宰杀400只牲畜
How do you keep that manure
你如何保证粪便
from getting onto those carcasses?
不会沾到动物尸体身上
And that’s how the manure gets in the meat.
那就是粪便如何进到肉里的
And now this thing that wasn’t in the world,
这些不是发生在我们的世界里
is in the food system.
而是存在于食物体系中
A fast-food nightmare may be getting worse.
快餐业噩梦可能每况愈下
A two-year-old child died today in Seattle.
一名两岁的小孩今天在西雅图去世了
And the killer? Tainted meat from Jack In The Box hamburgers.
凶手是谁 是盒子捷克汉堡的污染肉
A nationwide recall today
今日全国召回
for more than 140 tons of ground beef.
超过140吨♥碎牛肉
A half a million pounds of ground beef…
150万吨♥碎牛肉
Today, nationwide recalls of ConAgra ground beef.
今天 全国召回康尼格拉碎牛肉
E. coli isn’t just in ground beef now…
大肠杆菌现在不仅存在于碎牛肉里
It’s been found in spinach, apple juice…
菠菜里 苹果汁里也有
And this is really because of the runoff from our factory farms.
都是由于工厂化农场之间的竞争导致的
90 confirmed cases of E. coli poisoning.
90起确诊的大肠杆菌中毒病例
Central to it all… raw, bagged spinach.
全是由于食用生的袋装菠菜
This is the 20th E. coli outbreak with leafy greens
这是十年中第20次绿叶蔬菜中的
in just the last decade.
大肠杆菌恐慌
For years during the Bush administration,
布♥什♥政♥府♥执政期间
the chief of staff at the USDA
美国农业部的参谋长
was the former chief lobbyist
是前华盛顿牛肉业的
to the beef industry in Washington,
首席说客
the head of the FDA was the former executive vice president
美国食品药物管理局局长是
of the National Food Processors Association.
国家食品加工协会的前执行副总
These regulatory agencies
这些监管部门
are being controlled by the very companies
被理应接受检验的
that they’re supposed to be scrutinizing.
几家公♥司♥掌控着