食品公司（2008）

The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years
我们的饮食习惯在近50年来的变化之大
than in the previous 10,000.
远远超过先前的一万年
But the image that’s used to sell the food,
但是现在我们销♥售♥食品
it is still the imagery of Agrarian America.
仍然打着美国农业产品的旗号♥
You go into the supermarket and you see pictures of farmers,
当你走进超♥市♥ 你会看到农民的照片
the picket fence, the silo,
篱笆和粮仓
the 1930s farmhouse and the green grass.
还有三十年代的农舍和绿油油的草地
It’s the spinning of this pastoral fantasy.
这是对乡村的幻想
The modern American supermarket
而现代的美国超♥市♥
has on average 47,000 products.
平均每家销♥售♥47000种商品
There are no seasons in the American supermarket.
在这些超♥市♥里 不存在季节之分
Now there are tomatoes all year round,
现在 他们一年四季都供应西红柿
grown halfway around the world,
把全世界未熟透的
picked when it was green,
西红柿摘下来
and ripened with ethylene gas.
然后用乙烯催熟
Although it looks like a tomato,
尽管看起来像西红柿
it’s kind of a notional tomato.
但只不过是概念上的西红柿
I mean, it’s the idea of a tomato.
我的意思是 只是西红柿的概念而已
In the meat aisle, there are no bones anymore.
肉摊上贩卖♥♥的是无骨肉类
There is this deliberate veil,
有一道蓄意掩盖的帷幕
this curtain, that’s dropped between us
这块幕布 落在你我和
and where our food is coming from.
食物来源之间
The industry doesn’t want you to know the truth
这个行业不想让你们知道
about what you’re eating,
你们所吃食品的真♥相♥
Because if you knew, you might not want to eat it.
因为一旦你们知道了 也许就不会再想吃了
If you follow the food chain back.
如果你顺着食物链往回找
From those shrink-wrapped packages of meat,
从那一袋袋压缩包装的肉里
you find a very different reality.
你会发现现实与你所想的不同
The reality is a factory.
这背后是一家工厂
It’s not a farm, it’s a factory.
不是一座农场 而是一家工厂
That meat is being processed
这些肉由
by huge multinational corporations
大型跨国公♥司♥加工
that have very little to do with ranches and farmers.
而与农民或者农场主没什么关系
Now our food is coming from enormous assembly lines
现在 我们的食品都来自庞大的生产线
where the animals and the workers are being abused.
在那里 动物和工人都惨遭虐待
And the food has become much more dangerous
由于那些被刻意隐瞒起来的事实
in ways that are being deliberately hidden from us.
所有食品都变成了危险品
You’ve got a small group of multinational corporations
一小部分的跨国公♥司♥
who control the entire food system.
就可以掌控整个食品生产系统
From seed to the supermarket,
从种子到超♥市♥
they’re gaining control of food.
他们在操控食品
This isn’t just about what we’re eating.
这不仅仅和我们所吃的食品有关
This is about what we’re allowed to say,
这还关系着我们能说什么
what we’re allowed to know.
我们能知道些什么
It’s not just our health that’s at risk.
不仅仅是我们的健康面临危险
The companies don’t want farmers talking.
这些公♥司♥不想让农民们谈论这些
They don’t want this story told.
也不想让人们知道
How about a nice chicken club sandwich made with fresh cooked chicken?
来个新鲜出炉的鸡肉三明治如何
You know, that’s a nice idea,
这个主意不错
but I think what I’d really like is a burger.
但我想来个汉堡
All right.
好吧
My favorite meal to this day
现在 我最喜欢的食物
remains a hamburger and French fries.
只不过是汉堡和薯条
I had no idea that a handful of companies
我并不知道很多食品公♥司♥改变了
had changed what we eat and how we make our food.
我们的食物和烹饪的方式
I’ve been eating this food all my life
我一辈子都在吃这些东西
without having any idea where it comes from,
却从没想过食物从哪里来
any idea how powerful this industry is.
或是这个行业的势力有多大
And it was the idea
或许 这就是
of this world deliberately hidden from us.
这个世界对我们所可以掩盖的东西
I think that’s one of the reasons why
我想这就是我
I became an investigative reporter,
成为一个调查记者的原因吧
was to take the veil– lift the veil away
我想拿开那块幕布 把那块
from important subjects that are being hidden.
掩盖重要事实的幕布移走
The whole industrial food system
食品生产体系的产业化
really began with fast food.
始于快餐的出现
In the 1930s,
在三十年代
a new form of restaurant arose
一种新的餐饮形式出现了
and it was called the drive-in.
它被称为免下车餐馆
The Mcdonald Brothers had a very successful drive-in,
麦当劳兄弟开了间很成功的免下车餐馆
but they decided to cut costs and simplify.
但是他们想要精简开支
So they fired all their carhops,
于是他们炒了所有的餐厅服务员
They got rid of most of the things on the menu
去掉了菜单上大部分的食物
and they created a revolutionary idea
并且想到了一个革命性的
to how to run a restaurant.
经营餐厅的方法
They basically brought the factory system
他们基本上是把工厂运作体系
to the back of the restaurant kitchen.
照搬到餐厅厨房♥里
They trained each worker to just do one thing
他们训练每位员工做一种活
again and again and again.
并且不断地重复
By having workers who only had to do one thing,
因为工人们只做一道工序
they could pay them a low wage.
所以需要支付的工钱也很少
And it was very easy to find someone to replace them.
并且寻找替代的人也十分容易
It was inexpensive food, it tasted good
这种食物价格不贵 而且味道不错
and this Mcdonald’s fast food restaurant
于是麦当劳快餐店
was a huge huge success.
取得了巨大的成功
That mentality of uniformity,
这种集思广益
conformity and cheapness
团结一致和便宜为上的思想
applied widely and on a large scale
被广泛而大规模地采纳
has all kinds of unintended consequences.
从而导致了许多意外的后果
When Mcdonald’s is the largest purchaser
当麦当劳成为美国最大的
of ground beef in the United States
碎牛肉采购商
and they want their hamburgers
并且希望他们的汉堡
to taste, everywhere, exactly the same,
不论在哪里 味道都一模一样
they change how ground beef is produced.
他们改变了碎牛肉的产生过程
The Mcdonald’s corporation
麦当劳公♥司♥
is the largest purchaser of potatoes
是最大的西红柿采购商
and one of the largest purchasers of pork,
也是最大的猪肉鸡肉土豆
chicken, tomatoes, lettuce, even apples.
生菜甚至是苹果的采购商
These big big fast food chains
如此庞大的食物链
want big suppliers.
需要大量的供应商
And now there are essentially a handful of companies
而现在 许多公♥司♥
controlling our food system.
控制着我们的食品系统
In the 1970s, the top five beef-packers
在70年代 排名前五的牛肉批发商
controlled only about 25% of the market.
只掌控着25%的市场份额
Today, the top four
现如今排名前四的公♥司♥
control more than 80% of the market.
却占据了80%以上的市场份额
You see the same thing happening now in pork.
你会发现这样的情况同样发生在猪肉上
Even if you don’t eat at a fast food restaurant,
即使你不去快餐店吃东西
You’re now eating meat that’s being produced
但你也是吃着这套系统
by this system.
生产出来的肉类
You look at the labels
你看到标签上写着
and you see farmer this, farmer that–
不同的农户生产商
It’s really just three or four companies
其实背后仅仅是三四个公♥司♥
that are controlling the meat.
在操纵着肉类市场
We’ve never had food companies this big
从未出现过如此大规模
and this powerful in our history.
大影响力的食品公♥司♥
Tyson, for example,
例如泰森
is the biggest meat-packing company in the history of the world.
是历史上最大的肉类联合企业
The industry changed the entire way that chicken are raised.
这个行业改变了鸡类养殖的过程
Birds are now raised and slaughtered
现在的禽类从生长到宰杀
in half the time they were 50 years ago,
耗时是50年前的一半
but now they’re twice as big.
但体积却是以前的两倍
People like to eat white meat,
人们喜欢吃鸡胸肉
so they redesigned the chicken
于是鸡被改造了
to have large breasts.
鸡胸变大了
They not only changed the chicken,
他们不仅仅是改变了鸡类
They changed the farmer.
他们也改变了那些农民
Today, chicken farmers no longer control their birds.
如今 鸡农再也不需要管理他们的鸡了
A company like Tyson
像泰森这样的公♥司♥
owns the birds from the day they’re dropped off
拥有着鸡类从出生到